21/06/2019

Introduction to History

Last Meeting…..
• Introduced yourselves
• Brief description about the subject
• Comparison in teaching History
• B4: Surface discussions:
• Now: Self Discovery:
• Memorization: Reading
• Patterned Discussion: Primary Sources as source of
discussion

Today….

•Primary Sources
• Bridge between Past and
Present
•Studying Primary Sources
connects the students to the
historians, resulting to richer
experience of understanding
and appreciation.

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Defining History

Let’s have a group activity

• Let us divide the class...

• In a creative manner, define HISTORY.
• In the same way, how is history
relevant/important to you (as
students).
• Seven minute group discussion
• Three minute presentation

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Let’s visit the olden

times

• Bato Ferry, Bambang

• Bayombong Valley

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• Bagabag Ferry

• Dupax del Sur

• Vizcayanos in Chicago

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• Salinas Salt Spring

History
• Gk. Historia= Knowledge Acquired through Inquiry or Investigation.
• Has existed around 2,400 years ago, same with Mathematics and
Philosophy.
• Historia became known as account of past persons through written
documents and historical evidence.
• Historians Duty to document important individuals (monarchs, heroes,
saints)
• Wars, Revolutions, and Important Breakthroughs.

•What Counts as History????

No document no history

History…
• History progressed and accepted possibilities of other VALID
HISTORICAL SOURCES
• Government Records, Chroniclers’ Accounts, Personal Letters.
• Historical Sources are Exclusive.
• Historical Documents may be lost (burned or destroyed)
• Elite vs. Commoners
• This historical loopholes in historical sources was recognized by
historians, not written but the same.
• Oral traditions like epics and song.

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Because of this Breakthrough

• History starts collaborating with other disciplines
• Archeology: Artifacts
• Linguistics: tracing culture and history
• Science: DNA patterns

Questions and Issues in History

• The dynamism inevitably produced various perspectives :
• What is history?
• Why study history?
• History for whom?
• All can be answered by:

HISTORIOGRAPHY

Let’s Compare

HISTORY HISTORIOGRAPHY
• Study of the past • Study the History
• Events • How was a certain historical text
• Causes of events written?
• Who wrote the document?
• What was the context?
• What historical method was
employed?

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Questions and Issues in History

• States use History to Unite a
nation
• Legitimize regimes and forge a
sense of collective identity
through collective memory.
• History that has been taught
and written is always intended
for a certain group of people
(Reformists: Spain), White Man’s
Burden

School of Thoughts in History

POSITIVISM
• 18th- 19th Century
• Empirical Evidence
• No Document, No History
• Historians were required to shoe
evidence.
POSTCOLONIALISM
• Early 20th Century
• Colonies go away from the
shadows of their colonial past.
• 2 things
• Tell their own history, highlights
identity of free from colonial
powers
• Criticize the methods, and effects
of colonialism.

Issues

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History
• If history is written with agenda or
heavily influenced by the historians, will
there be absolute historical truth?
• Is history an objective discipline?
• If not, is it still worthwhile to study?
• An exact and accurate account of the
past is impossible.
• It is therefore the Historians job not only to
seek historical facts but also to interpret
them.

Historian

• The historian is not a blank paper that mechanically interprets and

analyzes historical facts.
• He is a person of his own, influenced by his context, environment,
ideology, education, and influences among others.
• Thus, his interpretation might of affected by any of the
aforementioned.
• Subjectivity= Process of Historical Research; The Research Methodology;
selection and presentation of Facts;
• : HISTORY IS ALWAYS SUBJECTIVE.
• Can History still be considered as an academic and scientific history?

Historical Research
• Requires rigor and technicalities
• Historical Methodology comprises certain techniques
historians follow.
• To properly utilize sources and historical evidence
• There are historical methods applied in writing history
• Historical Claims shall be validated: e.g. Triangulation Technique.

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End
Quiz Next Meeting

Assignment
• Create a photo collage about the following:
• Relevance of history to:
• Self
• Community
• Future
• Presentation next meeting