LDB Gender (Sex)

Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON GENDER 2011
Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433
U.S.A.
All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing August 2011
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8881-5
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8882-2
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8881-5
SKU: 18881
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a product of the Development

Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and
the Gender and Development Group of the World Bank.
Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C

Cover design by Peter Grundy
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Data notes
Regional tables
World
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Income group tables

Low income
Middle income
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
Low and middle income
Euro area
High income
Country tables (in alphabetical order)
Notes
Glossary
Acknowledgments
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a collaborative effort between the Development Data
Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Gender and Development
Group of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 was prepared by Sulekha Patel, William Prince, Shota
Hatakeyama, and Masako Hiraga of the Development Data Group and Nistha Sinha and
Hippolyte Fofack of the Gender and Development Group. The introduction was written by
Stephen McGroarty, with inputs from Nistha Sinha. Production of the book was coordinated by
Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong. The book was typeset by Jomo Tariku. The work was
carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee and Pierella Paci. Staff from External
Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.
Introduction
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a quick reference for users interested in gender
statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in a
straightforward, country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force,
political participation, and the Millennium Development Goals. Summary pages that cover
regional and income group aggregates are also included.
This second issue of The Little Data Book on Gender coincides with the launch of the World
Development Report 2012, the Bank’s annual flagship publication. This year’s report looks at
the facts and trends surrounding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the
development process: although many women around the world continue to struggle with
gender-based disadvantages, much has changed for the better and at a more rapid pace than
ever before. But that progress needs to be expanded, proctected, and deepened. While
development has closed some gender gaps, other gaps persist, including excess deaths of girls
and women, disparities in girls’ schooling, unequal access to economic opportunities, and
difference in voice in households and society. The report argues that gender equality can
enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make
insitutions more representative. For more information about this landmark report, visit
www.worldbank.org/wdr2012.
As part of its strategy to provide content when, where, and how users want it, the World Bank
now offers two new electronic products on gender. The World Development Report 2012
mobile application for the iPadTM allows users to browse and search the report by key
message, keyword, topic, region, and more. Overviews in multiple languages and other
relevant content round out the mobile application. Visit bit.ly/wdr2012app for more
information. And for those interested in mapping and graphing gender statistics, the new eAtlas
of Gender allows users to map and graph dozens of gender indicators over time and across
countries, and compare maps for two different indicators, countries, regions, or years. Visit
data.worldbank.org/atlas-gender.
Data notes
The data in this book are for 1990, and 2009 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in
the table or the Glossary.
• Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.
• Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
• Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.
Symbols used:
.. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated
because of missing data.
0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the
displayed number of decimal places.
$ indicates current U.S. dollars.
Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the Notes on page 233.
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies
if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy)
does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to
any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor
progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight
goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015—please see the other books in the
World Development Indicators 2011 family of products.
Regional tables
The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may
differ from common geographic usage.
East Asia and Pacific
American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of
Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated
States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam
Europe and Central Asia

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia,
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Latin America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Middle East and North Africa

Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza,
Republic of Yemen
South Asia
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of
Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World

Population (millions) 6,855.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 62,363.4 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 9,097
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 935
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 63 71 67
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 105 105 109
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 45 54 67 69
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 28 26
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 86 87 89
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 79 88 87 92
Family planning and maternal health

Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.5
Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 54
Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. ..
Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57 61
Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. ..
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 82
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 65
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 400 260
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 81 52 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 77
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 49 76 48 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 45 60 37 52
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..

Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 19

East Asia & Pacific

Population (millions) 1,956.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 7,224.3 $1.25 a day (%) 16.8
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Europe & Central Asia

Population (millions) 408.2 Population living below
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 69
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 97
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 80
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 20
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 18
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5.4 2.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 16
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 35
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 66 49
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 46 48
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 8.6 10.0
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. 17.8 16.5

Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 16

Latin America & Caribbean

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 62 60 66 64
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 38 40 31 35
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 29 30 30 30
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10.4 5.3 6.8 3.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 21 9 18
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 30 14 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 72 50 77 52
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.9 6.0 9.8 6.5
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) 13.9 9.8 17.9 11.7

Middle East & North Africa

GNI ($ billions) 1,293.0 $1.25 a day(%) 3.6
1990 2009
Demography
Education
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 16 27 28
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 91



South Asia

1990 2009
Demography
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 42 29 13 9
Education

Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 17 13

Sub-Saharan Africa

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..

Income group tables
For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying
economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book
on Gender is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-
income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is
convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar
development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development.
Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010.
Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,006 but less than
$12,275. Lower middle-income and upper middle-income economies are separated at a GNI
per capita of $3,975.
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more.
Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European
Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak
Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.

Low income
GNI ($ billions) 416.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 510
1990 2009
Demography
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. ..
Education

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 860 .. 590



Middle income
1990 2009
Demography
Education




Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 .. 940
Education




Upper middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education




Low and middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education




Euro area
1990 2009
Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 107
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. ..
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. ..

Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 78
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 51.5 50.4 39.8 36.7


High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 70
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. ..


Country tables
China
Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao
SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia

Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where
available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia
prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data
for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999
became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council
Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and
its data are shown where available.

Afghanistan
South Asia Low income

1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 .. 943
Education

Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. 39
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,700 1,400
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100


Albania
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income

GNI ($ billions) 12.7 $1.25 a day (%) <2
1990 2009
Demography
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 3
Education
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99

Maternity leave (weeks) .. 52
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 80
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 18.8 25.0


Algeria
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income

GNI ($ billions) 157.9 $1.25 a day (%) 6.8
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) .. 11
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 58 89
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 13
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 5


American Samoa
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income

GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 98 ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 91 ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..

Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. ..
Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. ..
Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 99 97 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 3 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.3 0.1 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 4 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 45 43 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 25 52 .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.7 3.6 .. ..
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) 11.8 12.0 .. ..

Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. ..

Andorra
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Total fertility rate (births per woman) .. 1.2
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..


Angola
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Female-headed households (%) .. 25
Education
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 ..

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 610
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 64 74 62 71


Antigua and Barbuda
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 71 ..
Education

Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.7 ..
Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 53 ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 14 15 .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. .. 13


Argentina

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 72 .. 70 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 61
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.6 11.5 24.7 18.8

Armenia
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) .. .. 10
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 69.4 47.2


Aruba
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 .. 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 71 ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 13.8 16.2 .. ..

Australia
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 100 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 ..

Austria
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education


Azerbaijan

Population (millions) 8.9 Population living belowa
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. 16


Bahamas, The
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 12 .. ..

Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. 99
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 52

Bahrain
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 15 51a 52a

Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0 3 .. ..
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 33.9 22.4 .. ..


Bangladesh

1990 2009

Demography
Female-headed households (%) 9 13
Education

Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 73 66


Barbados
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..



Belarus

1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 96 100a 98a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 96 91a 89a


Belgium
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education


Belize
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Education
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 77 76 .. ..



Benin
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Maternity leave (weeks) 14 .. 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 .. 100


Bermuda
High income
Population (milliona) 0.6 Population living below
1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92a 91a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85a 72a



Bhutan
South Asia Lower middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. 17


Bolivia

1990 2009

Demography
Female-headed households (%) 19
Education

Women married by age 18 (% of women ages 20–24) 24 ..
Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 23 ..


Bosnia and Herzegovina

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Botswana
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income

1990 2009

Demography
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 16 18 .. ..
Education

Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 92 .. 94
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. ..


Brazil

1990 2009

Demography
Female-headed households (%) 21 ..
Education

Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 18
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 54 ..

Brunei Darussalam
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Bulgaria

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Burkina Faso

1990 2009

Demography
Education
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 14 24 44a 50a



Burundi

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Cambodia
East Asia & Pacific Low income

GNI per captia ($) 760
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 51a
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 89a
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 71a


Cameroon

GNI per captia ($) 1,160
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Canada
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education


Cape Verde

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Cayman Islands
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Central African Republic

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Chad

1990 2009

Demography
Education


Channel Islands
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education




Chile

1990 2009

Demography
Education


China

1990 2009

Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years)b 70 67 75 72
Education
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15+) 91 97 99 99

Total fertility rate (births per woman)b 2.3 1.8
Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) b .. 9
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 .. 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. 17


Colombia

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Comoros

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 16.9 21.3 ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. ..

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) .. ..

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Population living
Population (millions) 67.8
below
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Women’s political participation Seats held by women in national
5 10
parliament (%)

Congo, Rep.

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Costa Rica

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Côte d’Ivoire

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Croatia
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education

Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. 100a
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 100 100a
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 61.0 50.8

Cuba

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Curaçao
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Cyprus
High income
GNI ($ billions) 24.4c $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 30,460c
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Czech Republic
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Denmark
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Djibouti
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Dominica

1990 2009
Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 71 .. ..
Education



Dominican Republic

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Ecuador

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Egypt, Arab Rep.

1990 2009
Demography
Education


El Salvador

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Equatorial Guinea
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 57 .. ..



Eritrea

1990 2009
Demography
Education
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 1a 3a



Estonia
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Ethiopia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Faeroe Islands
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 82 77
Education



Fiji
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Finland
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



France
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



French Polynesia
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 125 130 .. ..


Gabon

1990 2009

Demography
Education
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 70 70 .. ..



Gambia, The

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Georgia

Population (millions) 4.5d Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 12.0d $1.25 a day (%) 14.7
GNI per capita ($) 2,690d
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Germany
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Ghana

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Gibraltar
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Greece
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Greenland
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Grenada

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Guam
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education


Guatemala

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Guinea

1990 2009

Demography
Education

Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) 49.5 47.2 .. ..


Guinea-Bissau

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Guyana

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Haiti
Latin America & Caribbean Low income

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Honduras

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Hong Kong SAR, China
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Maternity leave (weeks) 10 ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 ..
Women’s political participation .. ..
Seats held by women in national parliament (%)

Hungary
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Iceland
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education


India

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Indonesia

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Iran, Islamic Rep.

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Iraq

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 51 17
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 4 22
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 46 61
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 12


Ireland
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. ..



Isle of Man
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8

Israel
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99

Italy
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education


Jamaica

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Japan
High income
GNI ($ billions) 5,369.1 $1.25 a day (%)
1990 2009
Demography
Education


Jordan

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Kazakhstan

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Kenya

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Unmet need for contraception (% of women ages 15–49) 36


Kiribati

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Korea, Dem. Rep.

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Korea, Rep.
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education


Kosovo

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. .2
Kuwait
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Kyrgyz Republic
Europe & Central Asia Low income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Lao PDR

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Latvia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Lebanon

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Lesotho

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Liberia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Libya

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Liechtenstein
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 85 81
Education

Labor force and employment dynamics .. .. .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 ..

Lithuania

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Luxembourg
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Macao SAR, China
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Macedonia, FYR

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Madagascar

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Malawi

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Malaysia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Maldives
South Asia Upper middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Mali

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. 64 68
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. 3 8
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. 33 24

Malta
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Marshall Islands

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Mauritania

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Mauritius

1990 2009

Demography
Education




Mayotte

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Mexico

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Moldova

Population (millions) 3.6e Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 6.5e $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per capita ($) 1,810e
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Monaco
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education


Mongolia

1990 2009

Demography
Education




Montenegro

1990 2009

Demography
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105a 107a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103a 102a



Morocco

GNI ($ billions) 94.1f $1.25 a day (%) 2.5
GNI per capita ($) 2,850f
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Mozambique

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Myanmar

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Namibia

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Nepal

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Netherlands
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



New Caledonia
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



New Zealand
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Nicaragua

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Niger

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Nigeria

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Northern Mariana Islands
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Norway
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Oman
High income
1990 2009

Demography
Education



Pakistan

1990 2009

Demography
Education


Palau

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Panama

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Papua New Guinea

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Paraguay

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. 7.7 22.6


Peru

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. 39.5 44.8


Philippines

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Poland
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Portugal
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Puerto Rico
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Qatar
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Romania

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Russian Federation

GNI ($ billions) 1,404.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Rwanda

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Samoa

1990 2009
Demography
Education



San Marino
High income
GNI ($ billions) 1.6 $1.25 a day (%)
1990 2009
Demography
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. 86 80
Education


Women’s political participation 17

São Tomé and Príncipe

1990 2009
Demography
Education
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4a 4a


Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 13.5 5.8

Saudi Arabia
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education


Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0
Senegal

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Serbia

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. ..


Seychelles

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Sierra Leone

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Singapore
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Slovak Republic
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Slovenia
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Solomon Islands

1990 2009
Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 917 917
Education

Women’s political participation .. .. .. ..

Somalia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



South Africa

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Spain
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Sri Lanka

1990 2009
Demography
Education



St. Kitts and Nevis

1990 2009
Demography
Education



St. Lucia

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. .. ..


St. Martin (French part)
High income
GNI ($ billions) $1.25 a day (%)
GNI per capita ($)
1990 2009
Demography
Education


Women’s political participation .. .. .. ..

St. Vincent & Grenadines

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Sudan

1990 2009
Demography
Education


Suriname

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Swaziland

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Sweden
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Switzerland
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Syrian Arab Republic

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Tajikistan
Europe & Central Asia Low income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Tanzania

GNI ($ billions) 23.4g $1.25 a day (%) 67.9
GNI per capita ($) 530g
1990 2009
Demography
Education

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 10 34a


Thailand

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Timor-Leste

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 25 22a

Togo

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Tonga

1990 2009

Demography
Education



Trinidad and Tobago
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Tunisia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Turkey

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Turkmenistan

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Turks and Caicos Islands
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Tuvalu

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Uganda

1990 2009
Demography
Education
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 63 77 85a 90a


Ukraine

1990 2009
Demography
Education



United Arab Emirates
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



United Kingdom
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



United States
High income
GNI ($ billions) 14,600.8 1.25 a day (%) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Education



Uruguay

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Uzbekistan
Europe &Central Asia Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Vanuatu
East Asia &Pacific Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 50 ..


Venezuela, RB
Latin America &Caribbean Upper middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Vietnam
East Asia &Pacific Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Virgin Islands (U.S.)
High income
1990 2009
Demography
Education



West Bank and Gaza
Middle East &North Africa Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Yemen, Rep.
Middle East &North Africa Lower middle income

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Zambia

1990 2009
Demography
Education



Zimbabwe

1990 2009
Demography
Education

Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 18 54

Notes
a. Data are for 2010.
b. Includes Taiwan, China.
c. Data are for the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
d. Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
e. Excludes Transnistria.
f. Includes Former Spanish Sahara.
g. Covers mainland Tanzania only.
Glossary
Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15–19. (United
Nations Population Division)
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel
trained to give the necessary care to women during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum; to
conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (United Nations Children’s Fund
and Macro International)
Children in employment are children ages 7-14 who are involved in any economic activity for
at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. (Understanding Children’s Work)
Child mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 of dying between ages 1 and 5—that is, the
probability of a 1-year-old dying before reaching age 5—if subject to current age-specific
mortality rates. (Macro International)
Contraceptive prevalence is the percentage of women married or in-union ages 15–49 who
are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. (United
Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
Employment in agriculture is the proportion of employment in agriculture—division 1 (ISIC

revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry,
and fishing—in total employment. (International Labour Organization)
Employment in industry is the proportion of employment in industry—divisions 2–5 (ISIC

revision 2) or tabulation categories C–F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying
(including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas,
and water)—in total employment. (International Labour Organization)
Employment in service is the proportion of employment in service—divisions 6–9 (ISIC

revision 2) or tabulation categories G–P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail
trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance,
real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal service—in total
employment. (International Labour Organization)
Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country’s population that is employed.

Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population and ages 15-24 are
generally considered the youth population. (International Labour Organization)
Female headed household is the percentage of households with a female head. (Macro
International)
Female legislators, senior officials and managers refer to the share of legistlators, senior
officials, and managers who are female. (OECD)
GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less
subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income
(compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S.
dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official
exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when
the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate
actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange
rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a
conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years,
adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5
countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001,
these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Figures in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank)
GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World
Bank Atlas method divided by midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all
resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of
output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income)
from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at
official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. The World Bank Atlas method is
used to smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates. It averages the exchange rate for a
given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between
the country and the Euro zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures in
italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank)
Gross primary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in primary level, regardless of age, to
the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary education. (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Gross secondary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in secondary level, regardless of
age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the secondary education.
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Gross tertiary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in tertiary level, regardless of age, to
the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary education. (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is
economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services
during a specified period. (International Labour Organization)
Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing
patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. (World
Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations
Population Division’s World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household
surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International)
Long-term unemployment rate is the share of people with continuous periods of

unemployment extending for a year or longer in the total unemployed. (International Labour
Organization)
Maternal leave benefits are percentage of the wage paid during the maternity leave. (United
Nations)
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes
during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. (World Health Organization, United
Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund, and the World Bank)
Maternity leave is a number of weeks that the benefits are provided. (United Nations)
Population is the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of
legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of
asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Figures
in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources
including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population
Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and
Macro International)
Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.25 a
day at 2005 international prices. Data are the most recent estimate since 1990. Figures in
italics are for years other than 2009. (World Bank)
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care are the percentage of women attended to at least
once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel for reasons related to pregnancy. (United
Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary
school. It is calculated by dividing the total number of students in the last grade of primary
school minus the number of repeaters in that grade by the total number of children of official
completing age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for
Statistics)
Proportion of women in managerial positions is the share of women administrators and

managers as a percentage of all workers in public sector and industry. (United Nations)
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) refers to female to male wages and
salaries in manufacturing. (International Labour Organization)
Seats held by women in national parliament is the percentage of parliamentary seats in a

single or lower chamber occupied by women. Data listed for 2009 are for 2011. (Inter-
Parliamentary Union)
Sex ratio at birth is the ratio of female to male births. (United Nations Population Division)
Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or
a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as “self-employment jobs.”
(International Labour Organization)
Total fertility rate is the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to
live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-
specific fertility rates. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census
reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects, national
statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International)
Unemployment rate is the share of labor force without work but available for and seeking
employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ by country. (International
Labour Organization)
Unmet need for contraception is the percentage of fertile, married women of reproductive
age who do not want to become pregnant and are not using contraception. (Macro
International)
Unpaid family workers are those who work without pay in a market-oriented establishment
operated by a related person living in the same household. (International Labour Organization)
Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage

of total employment. (International Labour Organization)
Women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in
the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total
employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil
production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to
divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services
include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and
communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community,
social, and personal services, corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation
categories G-P (ISIC revision 3). (International Labour Organization)
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) is the female share of total part-time
workers. Part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than
those of comparable full-time workers. Definition of part-time varies across countries.
(International Labour Organization)
Women first married by age 18 is the percentage of women ages 20-24 who were first
married by age 18. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
Wage and salaried workers are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as “paid
employment jobs,” where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit
employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon
the revenue of the unit for which they work. (International Labour Organization)
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 to 24 that can, with understanding,
both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Youth unemployment rate is the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but
available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ
by country. (International Labour Organization)

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The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a product of the Development

Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C

Income group tables

Country tables (in alphabetical order)

Europe and Central Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean

Middle East and North Africa

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..

East Asia & Pacific

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..

Europe & Central Asia

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. 17.8 16.5

Latin America & Caribbean

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Middle East & North Africa

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. 36.5 18.5

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Female Male Female Male

Family planning and maternal health

Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 96

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 51

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Lower middle income

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 70

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Upper middle income

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 29

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Low and middle income

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 58

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 8

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation

Female Male Female Male

Adolescent fertility (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) .. 19

Labor force and employment dynamics

Women’s political participation