SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Budijanto Widjaja, Ph.D
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
Definition of Ultimate Uplift Capacity
Qu
=
frictional resistance of soil along the failure surface
+
weight of soil in the failure zone and the foundation
Qu
Qall
SF
Uplift Capacity Theory
A. Sand
1. Balla (1961)
2. Meyerhof and Adams (1968)
3. Vesic (1965)
4. Saeddy (1987)
B. Clay
1. General Uplift Capacity
2. Vesic (1971)
3. Meyerhoff (1973)
4. Das (1978)
5. Merifield, et.al (2003)
Balla’s Theory (Sand)
1. Based on model and field test in dense sand
2. Circular foundation (aa’ and bb’ = radius of circle)
3. Good for Df/B ≤ 5
Df
r
sin 45
2
Df Df
Qu D f F1 ,
3
F3 ,
B B
Balla’s Theory (Sand)
Df Df
Qu D F1 ,
3
f F3 ,
B B
Question
Consider a circular foundation in sand.
Calculate the ultimate uplift capacity!
1.5 m
Sand
= 17.4 kN/m3
= 35o
1.5 m (Circular)
Meyerhoff and Adams’ Theory (Sand)
1. Continuous foundation
2. Consider:
1. Weight of soil and foundations
2. Passive force (Pp’) – ac and bc
3. d uses Caquot-Kerisel
2 1
d for 90
3 2
1 2
90 to 90
3 3
Meyerhoff and Adams’ Theory (Sand)
1. W = Df B (assume unit weight of soil and concrete
are the same)
Ph ' 1 1
Pp ' K phD 2f
cosd 2 cosd
Ph’ = horizontal component of the passive force
Kph = passive earth pressure coefficient
F v 0
Qu W 2 Pp ' sin d
Qu W 2Pp ' cosd tan d
Qu W 2 Ph ' tan d
Qu W K phD 2f tan d
Meyerhoff and Adams’ Theory (Sand)
Ku tan K ph tan d
where:
Ku = nominal uplift coefficient
Qu W K uD 2f tan
Meyerhoff and Adams’ Theory (Sand)
Variation of m
Rectangular foundation
(BxL)with shape factor SF:
Qu W D 2f 2 S F B L B K u tan
W BLD f
Df
S F 1 m
B
Vesic’s Theory (Sand)
Use theory of expansion of cavities
2
For c = 0
D D
A2
f
Qu D f A1 A1 D f AFq
f
B B where:
A = area of foundation
2 2 Fq = breakout factor
Vesic’s Theory (Sand)
1.044 Dr 0.44
where:
= compaction factor
Dr = relative density of sand
Fq = breakout factor
Ultimate Uplift Capacity – General (Clay)
Qu AD f cu Fc
where:
A = area of foundation
= saturated unit weight of the soil
Fc = breakout factor
Vesic’s Theory (Clay)
1. Using analogy of the cavity
expansion
2. This theory is closer estimate
only for shallow foundation
embedded in softer clay (by
laboratory model test results)
Qu AD f cu Fc
where:
A = area of foundation
= saturated unit weight of the soil
Fc = breakout factor
Vesic’s Theory (Clay)
Shallow Deep
foundation foundation
Question
A circular foundations in saturated clay
Estimate the ultimate uplift capacity!
1.8 m
Clay
= 18.9 kN/m3
cu = 5.2 kPa
1.5 m (Circular)
Meyerhoff’s Theory (Clay)
• Using experimental results
Qu AD f cu Fc
Df Df L Df
0.73 0.27 1.55
B cr R B cr S B B cr S
Das’ Theory
Modifications to Meyerhoff’s Theory (Clay)
3. Determine Df/B ratio
Qu A ' Fc cu D f
*
Qu A Fc cu D f
*
B
Fc Fc 7.56 1.44
*
L
Das’ Theory
Modifications to Meyerhoff’s Theory (Clay)
Df
' B
Df
B cr
Plot of ’ versus ’
Merifield et al. - 3D Lower Bound Solution
(Clay)
Finite element formulation
Step:
1. Determine breakout factor in
homogenous soil with no unit
weight (=0)
Fc = Fco
2. Determine breakout factor in
homogenous soil with unit
weight (0)
D f
Fc Fc Fco
cu
3. Critical breakout factor
Fc 12.56 for circular foundation s
*
Fc Fc
*
Shallow foundation
Fc 11.9 for square foundation s
*
Qu Acu Fc
*
Deep foundation