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Article in Conference proceedings: ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference ·
August 2011
DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091101 · Source: PubMed
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100
50
∑
M
y(n) = am pm (n) + e(n) (11)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 m=1
20
method searches through a number, N , of available candidate
0
basis functions, where N >> M and iteratively selects those
−20 functions which contribute the greatest reduction in MSE.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time (S)
The FOS method is based on the principals of Gram-
Schmidt orthogonal identification. Orthogonal basis func-
Fig. 2. A sample data trial recorded from subject 1.
tions are generated from the candidate basis functions and
processed off-line using software developed in MATLAB. coefficients are found to minimize the MSE of the estimate.
DC bias was removed from the raw SEMG signals and the 2) Model identification: A FOS model with seven func-
linear envelope (LE) was computed to estimate the signal tions was generated for each of the five data sets for each
amplitude. The LE was obtained by rectifying the SEMG subject. The functions were selected from pool of FOS
and smoothing with a 400 point moving average filter with candidate functions as in [11] which was composed of
a stop-band of 0.6 Hz. For both the biceps and the triceps, common mathematical terms such as the sigmoid function,
SEMG amplitude levels from the two recording locations the modified square root function, and the limited quadratic
were averaged. The recorded force was also smoothed with function. Models were evaluated using percent relative mean
a 100 point moving average filter. This resulted in a 150 ms square error (%RMSE):
delay in the LE with respect to force. The filter length and
the resulting delay were chosen to approximate the delay ∑n
j=1 (Fwj − F̂wj )
2
between the collected SEMG signal and the force generated %RM SE = ∑n 2
× 100 (12)
by the muscle. For both the LE and force data records, j=1 Fwj
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.1 ping models were trained and evaluated with the collected
0.08 database both for calibrated and non-calibrated SEMG. The
0.06
experimental results show that forces are predicted signif-
0.04
icantly more accurately using calibrated SEMG data, than
0.02
from non-calibrated data.
0
NC C NC C NC C NC C NC C
R EFERENCES
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to the changes in joint angle during isometric contractions.
This was accomplished by incorporating SEMG calibration
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