1. leaves are arranged in a manner which prevents overlapping of their survace and thus enable
efficient exposure to light
2. the epidermal layer is covered with pores or stomata and each stoma contains a pair of guard
cells which regulates the passing of water and gases throught stomata
3. the upper as well as the lower epidermal layer of the leaf is covered with cuticle layer which
preventes water loss
4. the leaf wich contains chorophyll obtain carbon dioxide and water and captures sunlight
which aids them in the process of photosynthesis
5. the leaf also releases carbon dioxide and transports glucose to the other parts of the plant
6. photosynthesis is carried out in mesophyll which contains two layers: palisade mesophyll and
spongy mesophyll
7. palisade mesophyll contains closely packed, long cylindrical cells, arranged in a manner which
facilitates maximum absorption of light where as the spongy mensophyll consists of loosely
packed, irregular shaped cells which facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide over an increased
surface area
8. veins in the leaves contain xylem and phloem which aid in transportation of water and mineral
salts to the leaves and the sugar produced during photosynthesis out of the leaves to the other
parts of the plants
9. photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast
10. carbon dioxide is released by the cells of the leaf but a higher quantity of carbon dioxide is
utilized by the process of photosynthesis which is diffused into the chloroplasts
11. oxygen, which is another by product of the process of photosynthesis, is diffused out of the
mesophyll into the air spaces and then out of the leaves through stomata