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Measurement and analysis of magnetic field radiation near 132KV power

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Conference Paper · February 2015

DOI: 10.1109/APACE.2014.7043781

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Ali orozi Sougui Mohd Zarar Mohd Jenu

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
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 2014 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE) 8 - 10 December, 2014 at Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia
Measurement and Analysis of Magnetic Field
Radiation Near 132KV Power Lines
Ali Orozi Sougui
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Parit Raja, Malaysia
University of N’djamena , Chad
aliorozi@yahoo.com
Abstract - Nowadays, due to the rapid development of the
countries, the High voltage lines are become inside the
cities. The magnetic radiation near high voltage
transmission lines is very important issue that both the
researchers and the population are worry about. Many
previous work states that, it is dangerous not only to people
but even to our fauna and flora. It causes cancer and some
other illness such as Leukemia. Hence, investigating the
magnetic field is tremendously important for the safety of
the people. We had developed some equations and Maltlab
Graphic User Interface for double circuit 132Kv vertical
configuration base on Bio-savart’s law and Maxwell’s
equations, to make easy for the researchers to calculate the
magnetic field, It was applied the superposition method of
multiple conductors. Moreover, the measurement was done
by using Electric and Magnetic Field Digital Exposure
System to collect data in Johor, Malaysia. Based on our
results there are a good number of parameters that control
the magnetic field; the current magnitude, the high of the
conductor above the ground and the space between the
conductors. The correct phase arrangement can reduces the
magnetic up to 91.5% and the increment of 8m in the height
will reduce 79% of magnetic emission.
Index Terms - Magnetic field, Matlab GUI, Human safety
level.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the modern society is highly dependent
on electricity, it is nearly impossible to survive in the
future without this precious energy. During the last two
decades, industrialized countries are more concerned
with an increase in EMF which has health hazards.
Electromagnetic field radiated from High Voltage
Transmission Lines (HVTLs) and electrical equipment
may create low and weak electric current through our
bodies [1]. In crowded regions, as a result of town’s
expansion during the last decades, HVTLs which were
far from people are now close to the residential houses.
Mostly the previous investigations had shown no really
serious effects on human health from the EMF due to
HVTL, but recent studies have taken the opposite side.
Besides HVTLs, there are a good number of appliances
that possibly radiate EMFs such as electric blankets,
978-1-4799-6603-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
Prof. Dr. Mohd Zarar bin Mohd Jenu
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Center for Electromagnetic Compatibility
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Parit Raja, Malaysia
zarar@uthm.edu.my
copy machines, monitors and televisions which need to
be studied according to [2].
This work has investigated, measured, and analyzed
the EMF in the proximity of HVTL in Batu Pahat, Johor,
Malaysia which has been selected as a physical example
for studying purposes. Nonetheless, there is no general
agreement about the acceptable limited value of
environmental electromagnetic fields, or induction
currents produced by these fields in human body. Since
late 1970s, when Wertheimer and Leeper suggested the
existence of a connection between the presence of
overhead high transmission lines and certain illnesses
(leukemia and other types of cancer), there has been a
great deal of discussion regarding the possible effects of
electromagnetic fields on living beings [3]. Many works
tried to find whether childhood cancer may be linked to
magnetic fields from transmission power lines. Through
the discussion of the most important epidemiological
studies, the correlation is uncertain. As a conclusion,
whether cancer is caused by magnetic fields or by
something else still needs further research. The health
and environmental aspects of high voltage transmission
lines have been divided into broad areas of studies.
The exact calculation of these electromagnetic fields
requires the use of Maxwell’s equations. Only very
simple geometries in magnetic field by direct integration
of Maxwell’s equations can be calculated as it is was first
formulated.
II. MAGNETIC FIELD CALCULATION
The magnetic field produced by a power line is
radiated in form of vectors and it is in circular form
hence it is calculated as the vectorial sum of the magnetic
fields produced by each conductor’s current separately.
The equations used in this work are simplified, to make
easier the calculation of magnetic field. These formulas
can be readily used for the analytical calculation of the
produced magnetic field at any point in the vicinity of the
power lines. An overhead line generates an electrostatic
200
field in its vicinity because of the voltage at which it is , 0 (6)
energized and the charge in its conductors trapped in its
capacitance network. The intensity of the magnetic field Using Ampere’s circuital Law, the magnetic field
is proportional to the currents so that it varies with the intensity at the observation point J due to the current,
load condition. However, in HVTLs, the load factor
at point I in Fig. 3, is given by
seldom if ever is lower than 75% so that the load current
stays above 75% rated value most of the time. In
calculating the magnetic field, we will assume that the / (7)
current flowing is the rated full-load current [4].
Where:

A. DOUBLE CIRCUIT VERTICAL X is a unit vector in the x direction; Y is a unit vector in

CONFIGURATION OF 3 PHASE LINE the y direction. is the magnetic field intensity at
point J due to current at I.

The MATLAB program was developed using the For n conductors, /

formula used for the calculation of magnetic flux
density produced by overhead transmission line as
discussed by [5]. The magnetic field of a transmission
line is calculated using a two-dimensional approach is
used and assumes a flat uniform earth with non-
sagging uniform and parallel lines. The calculation
determines the magnitude and direction of B at any
point, J (coordinate, Xj, Yj). The x-z plane is the plane
of the earth’s surface; the transmission line is parallel
to the z-axis and intersects the x-y plane at the point I
(coordinate Xi, Yi).

Fig.2. Transmission Line Coordinate System.

Using the expression for magnetic flux density,

where the magnetic permeability of free space having
a numerical value of 4 10 / and using phasor
notations, the x-component of magnetic flux density is
given by:

2∑ (8)

For Eq.9 until Eq.23 refer to Fig. 1

Fig.1. Vertical Tower Configuration (9)

The K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 and K6 are the coordinates of

the conductors: (10)

, 2 (1)
(11)
, 1 (2)
(13)
, 0 (3)

(14)
, 2 (4)

, 1 (5) (15)

201
 2 10
(16)
III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
The x-component of the magnetic flux density is given In order to simplify the calculations and the analysis of
by: the magnetic field produced by the line, the model of an
assembly of horizontal conductors parallel to the axis is
2∑ (17) used [6][7]. This model is precise for the calculation of
the magnetic fields if, as usual, the conductor sag is small
in comparison to the span.

The measurements of the magnetic field near HVTL are

(18) taken at an incremental distance away from the
conductors and the measurement direct under the
conductor from the center of the span to the tower.
(19) Besides, to investigate when the magnetic field is at the
peak time, hence we had collected the data in one
position in middle of the span under the minimum
(20) clearance which is 11.36m. The magnetic field of HVLs
is generally affected by many variables [8] such as:
Magnitude of phase Current (I), Conductor Height (H),
(21) Conductor Configuration (Phase), Lateral Distance (X)
and space between the conductors (S). However, in this
project it has been focus on I, S, H, Phase and the J is
(22) fixed to 1m above the ground as suggested by IEEE.

The Variation of magnetic field depends on the gradual

(23) increment of the current. The peak of the magnetic is
15.5 mG when all the variables are fixed and the current
varying from 200 A to 1 KA. It is very clear that when
2 10 the flow of current in the conductor is increased, the
(24) magnetic will be increase accordingly. That shows the
magnetic field is directly proportional to the current.
Where and are not necessarily equal and hence the According to superposition method the summation of the
locus of value of is an ellipse in the x-y plane. The vectors will result as the resultant MF.
magnitudes of the major and semi-minor axes of the
ellipses are given by:

cos

1 cos

1 (25)

cos
1 cos
1 (26)
Where m=1, 2, 3, 4. The pair m=1, 3 and m=2, 4
correspond to two directions of the same axis. If m=1, 3
corresponds to the semi-major axes, and if m=2, 4
corresponds to the semi-minor axes and vice versa. The
resultant magnetic flux density is given by:
(27)
Fig.3. Magnetic field when the current changes.
The Figure 4 shows that when the height of the
conductor from the ground augment, hence the magnetic
radiation decrease accordingly. It means, when we fixed
all the parameters and the height is variable, Hence, by
the time the height increases, the radiation of the
magnetic is greater due to the strength of the magnetic
near the conductor. This is show that the B is inversely
proportional to the height. Increasing the vertical
distance between the conductors and the edge of the
ROW (Right Of Way) will decrease MF (Magnetic
field); this can be done by increasing the height of the
support structures.

202

Fig.4. Magnetic field when the height
h increases
When the space between the conducttors is increase, the
magnetic field is higher. Decreassing the distances
between individual phase conducctors can reduce
magnetic field. Because at any instantt in time the sum of
the currents in the individual phase conductors is zero,
moving the conductors closer togetther improves their
partial cancellation of each other’s MF.
M In other words,
the net MF produced by the closer conductors reduces
the MF level associated with the line. Placing the
conductors closer together has practiical limits, however
the distance between the conductors must
m be sufficient to
maintain adequate electric code cleaarance at all times,
and to assure utility employees’ safetty when working on
energized lines. See the Fig. 5
Fig.5. Magnetic field when the space between the conductor
changes
The case of the three phase doubble circuit vertical
configuration emits MF lesser magneetic field due to the
inter-cancellation of MF radiatedd by all the six
conductors. For the HVTL taken foor the measurement
used the ABC-CBA conductor configguration. The phase
angle has also effect on the magneticc field; the Fig. 6(a)
shows the difference of the phase anngle adjustment. As
represented on Fig. 6 the angle are groouped in three pairs.
Hence, the 120, 0, 240 and 240, 0, 1220 are equal and has
the lowest MF value.
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203
(a) (b)
Fig.6. Magnetic field for the phase
p angle (a) and the phase
arrangement (b) forf case abc-cba
IV. CONCL
LUSUION
In conclusion, the investigation of magnetic field
radiation by HVTLs and analytical knowledge of
electromagnetic field in ordeer to evaluate the magnetic
fields has been finalized. Thhe equations used here are
simplified and its can be utilize to calculate manually the
magnetic fields radiated in thet vicinity of the HVTLs.
The correct phase arrangemennt can reduces the magnetic
up to 91.5% and the incremeent of 8m in the height will
reduce 79% of magnetic emisssion.
ACKNOWLE
EDGMENT
Thoughtful gratitude is givenn to the Almighty. I would
like to appreciate and thannk my supervisor Prof.Dr.
Mohd Zarar for all the incessant supports, guidance and
help. Besides, my appreciaation goes to UTHM for
providing this project’s faciliities. Without forgetting the
help provided by Universiity of N’Djamena, Chad.
Finally, the motivation, encouuragement, love, patience &
financial support provided by my family are highly
appreciated.
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