Faculty of Engineering

Semester Spring 2017 Final Term Examination

Course Code: EE-5533 Course Title: Photovoltaic Based Energy System
Exam Date: 07 July, 2017 Time: 5:00 PM to 7:30 PM
Duration: 2.5 Hours Max Marks: 50
Teacher(s): Assistant Prof. Dr. Ali Faisal Murtaza,
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Q#1: [Marks: 10 [6 + 4]]

i) Draw the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 1.

ii) Consider boost converter and battery load. Explain mathematically the operation
of D-modulation scheme. Drive the relation of kp gain with proper procedure.

Q#2: [Marks: 10 [5 + 5]]

Consider a PV array of Ns x Np = 3 x 2 modules, where each module belongs to

Kyocera-200GT. The data of the module is shown in Table. A boost converter is
present between the PV array and load.
i) Compute the value of resistive load for the array. Design the value of input
capacitor (Cin), inductor (L) and output capacitor (Cout).
ii) Compute the value of battery load for the array, if lowest temperature of the
region is 0oC. Calculate the ∆D, if MPPT designer wants a voltage steps of ∆V =
1 V and ∆V = 3 V.

Q#3: [Marks: 15 [3 + 7 + 5]]

i) List down the four imbalances that may occur due to partial shading. How diodes
are connected to deal with these effects.
ii) A PV array is shown in Fig. 2 with different shading patterns. Draw the I-V graph
of array across load, I-V (power dissipation) across the most shaded module, I-V
(power dissipation) across the next shaded module and I-V curve (power
dissipation) of remaining two good modules.
iii) Consider Fig. 3 with shading pattern. Draw the I-V curve of each string
individually and then for the complete array.

Q#4: [Marks: 15 [4 + 4 + 3 + 4]]

Consider an inverter between PV array and resistive load (R L). The PV module of
Kyocera-200GT is used, the STC data of which is shown in Table.
inverter is present between the PV array and the resistive load.

1
i) Assuming the sine-wave of Vrms = 220 V is required at the R L = 4.82 Ω.
Modulation index is set at 0.707. Calculate the number of series (Ns) and parallel
modules (Np) to fulfill the requirements.
ii) Derive the impedance relation of the system with a battery backup connected in
parallel to PV array.
iii) Describe the working principle of incremental conductance (IC) method and draw
its flowchart.
iv) Draw the complete circuit and operational flow chart (Duty cycle/Sampling rate)
of fractional open-circuit technique. (In flow chart, explain the steps in the block).

Fig. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 2

2
Table