The mechanism of diagonal cracking associated with stress and the manner in which
shear reinforcement behaves are no more susceptible to theoretical analysis in prestressed
concrete beams than they are in reinforced concrete. Extensive testings have been done during
the period 1955 – 1965 and these results form the basis of the present AC1 formulas.
Test the results showed that there are basically two (2) types of shear failure in PSC beams:
diagonal
Flexural
ctacks
Shear diagram
Moment diagram
Consider a section at the shear span:
M
Vcr
Mcr
V
0
d/2 d/2
d
= MO=0 M = Mcr + V
2
2 M Vd M d
Mcr = V
2 V 2
M cr
V= .
M d
V 2
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Vci Vd
bw d fc 1
From test results:
Vci Vd M cr
0.60 .
bw d fc 1 M d
bw d fc
1
V 2
M cr
Or Vci = 0.6bwd fc 1 + + Vd (an AC1 formula)
M d
V 2
Where:
Vci = shear due to externally applied load when such cracking is the result of
combined shear and moment.
The expression for Vci has been modified by dropping the term d/2 in the denomination, thus
M crV
Vci = 0.6 bwd fc 1 + Vd
M max
Or in SI Units
M cr
Vci = 0.05 bwd fc 1 + .V Vd *
Max
Where
Mcr =
I
Y
6 fc 1 f pe f d ; fc1 in psi.
Or
Mcr =
I
Y
0.5 fc 1 f pe f d ; fc1 in MPa *
Where
fpe = stress at extreme tensile fiber due to prestress
To fit all test results to the equation, an upper limit has been suggested for V ci, thus
Vci the following:
Consider the principal stress of an element at the neutral axis of a psc beams.
ft ft
From the Mohr Circle of Stress
• r
σ
ft
f1 f2
2
ft
R= v 2
2
ft
f2 = R-
2
2
ft f
v t
2
f2 =
2 2
2 2
f f
f2 t t v2
2 2
2
ft f2
V2 = f 2 2 +
f2
f
V = f2 1 t
f2
Assuming f2 = 3.5 fc 1 in psi.
ft
V = 3.5 fc 1 1
3.5 fc 1
This can be approximated by
V = 3.5 fc 1 +0.3ft
V
The nominal shear stress may also be used as a measure of diagonal tension for web
bw d
distress failure and the stress Vcw is given as
Vcw = bwd 3.5 fc 1 0.3 f pe
Or in SI units,
Vcw = bwd 0.29 fc 1 0.3 f pe *
Vcw = bwd 3.5 fc 1 0.3 f pe V p
or
Vcw=bwd 0.29 fc 1 0.3 f pe V p in
SI units
Where Vcw= shear force at diagonal cracking due to all loads when such cracking is the result
of excessive principal tensile stresses in the web.
VP= vertical component of the effective prestressing force at the section considered..
The average shear stress is obtained by dividing both sides of the above equation by b wd.
V 1u Av f y
bw d bw S
(Determine the stirrup spacing at 1.5m. from the support. Use 9.375mm. Ø u- stirrup)
w = 20.13 kN/m
125 mm 750 mm
250 mm
3m 6m 3m 500
Solution:
(A) Shear- Compression Failure:
Vi M cr
Vci= 0.05bd f 1c Vd
M max
I
Mcr= 0.5 f 1 c f pc f d
Y
1
I= x500 x750 3 17,578 x10 6 mm 4 .
2
750
Y= 375mm.; e 125mm.; A 500 x750
2
P P Y 1432 x10 3 1432 x10 3 x125 x375
f pe e
A I 500 x750 17.578 x10 6
f pe 3.818 3.818 7.636 MPa
WL2 20.13 x12 2
M max 362.34 KN
8 8
WD= 23.56x0.50 x 0.750 = 8.835KN/m.
Md
WD L
2
WD
x 2 WD
2
2
L 2
MD
8.835
2
12 x1.5 2 29.818 KNm.
M D y 29.818 x375
fd 0.636MPa
I 17.578 x10 6
M cr
17.578 x10 6
375
0.5 34.5 7.636 0.636
M cr 465.78 x10 6 KNmm 465.78 KNm
WD L L 12
Vd W D W D 8.835 1.5 39.75 KN
2 2 2
L 12
Vi W L W D 20.130 835 1.5 130.34 KN
2 2
0.05 x500 x500 130.34 x 465.78
Vci 34.5 39.75
3
10 362.34
Vci 73.42 167.55 39.75 280.72 KN
or
14.500 x500
Vci . 34.5 205.57 KN
103
Controlling Vci = 280.72 KN
Vu 1.4WD 1.7WL L
x
0.85 2
1.4 x8.835 1.7 x 20.13 12
=
1.5
0.85 2
=
12 . 369 34 . 221
4.5 246.65 KN Vc
0.85
bw s
Provide min AV=0.34 =
fy
AV f y
138 x 275.8
or S = 223mm.
0.34bw 0.34 x500
A f 80d 138 x 275.8 x80 x500
or S = V y 594.9mm.
d 500
A ps f pu 1483.5 x1723
bw 500
Use S = 223mm c/c.
a/2
Bac=a
C C
dp
d
ds
Apsfps Apsfps
Aps
Asfy Asfy T
As
F H O
0.85 f1cba= Apsfps+ Asfy
A ps f ps d p As f y d s
d=
A ps f ps As f y
M 0
Mn= 0.85f1Cba(d-a/2)
or
Mn= (Apsfps+Asfy)(d-a/2)
or
Mn= Apsfps(dp-a/2)+ Asfy(ds-a/2)
Where fps has been defined before.
For bounded prestressing tendons:
f pu
Fps=fpu(1-0.5Pp )
f 1c
A ps
Where Pp =
bd p
For unbounded tendons
f 1c
fps= fpe+ 69+ in MPa
100 Pp
fps>fpy
fps>(fpe+414)MPa
hf a
bw dp d
d ds
Aps
Apsfps
As Asfy
FOR a> hf
F H 0 Apsfps+Asfy = 0.85fc1(b-bw)hf+0.85fc1bwa
A ps f ps As f y 0.85 fc1 (b bw )h f
a=
0.85 fc1bw
M 0
hf a
Mn = 0.85fc1(b-bw)hf(d- )+0.85fc1bwa(d- )
2 2