DIN 18800-7 - 2008 EN Structural Steelwork Execution & Constr Qualification PDF

November 2008
DIN 18800-7
D
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 Supersedes
DIN 18800-7:2002-09
Steel structures –
Part 7: Execution and constructor’s qualification
English translation of DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Stahlbauten –
Teil 7: Ausführung und Herstellerqualifikation
Englische Übersetzung von DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Structures en acier –
Partie 7: Exécution et qualification des constructeurs
Traduction anglaise de DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Normen-Download-Beuth-TÜV Süd AG Verlag-KdNr.7031496-LfNr.5107499001-2010-11-05 12:41
Document comprises 58 pages
Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.
© No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,
has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Contents
Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions .........................................................................................................................11
4 Documentation.....................................................................................................................................12
4.1 Execution specification documents ..................................................................................................12
4.2 Verification documents .......................................................................................................................13
5 Materials ...............................................................................................................................................13
5.1 Rolled steels, forged steels and cast materials................................................................................13
5.1.1 Types.....................................................................................................................................................13
5.1.2 Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................13
5.1.3 Quality classes.....................................................................................................................................14
5.1.4 Additional requirements .....................................................................................................................14
5.1.5 Certificates ...........................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Welding consumables .........................................................................................................................15
5.3 Fasteners ..............................................................................................................................................16
5.3.1 Bolts, nuts and washers .....................................................................................................................16
5.3.2 Other mechanical connections ..........................................................................................................17
5.3.3 Marking and certificates......................................................................................................................18
6 Fabrication............................................................................................................................................19
6.1 Identification of materials and components .....................................................................................19
6.2 Cutting ..................................................................................................................................................19
6.3 Forming, heat treatment and flame straightening............................................................................19
6.4 Making of perforations ........................................................................................................................20
6.5 Cut-outs ................................................................................................................................................20
7 Welding .................................................................................................................................................20
7.1 Welding requirements .........................................................................................................................20
7.1.1 Welding procedure specifications (WPS) .........................................................................................20
7.1.2 Welding procedure tests or advance production tests ...................................................................22
7.2 Welding plan.........................................................................................................................................23

7.3 Preparation for welding.......................................................................................................................23
7.3.1 General..................................................................................................................................................23
7.3.2 Storage and handling of welding consumables ...............................................................................23
7.3.3 Weather protection ..............................................................................................................................23
7.4 Execution of welding work .................................................................................................................23
7.4.1 General..................................................................................................................................................23
7.4.2 Preheating ............................................................................................................................................23
7.4.3 Temporary attachments for assembly work .....................................................................................24
7.4.4 Stud welding.........................................................................................................................................24
7.4.5 Welding of concrete-reinforcing steel ...............................................................................................24
7.4.6 Additional requirements .....................................................................................................................24
8 Bolted and riveted joints .....................................................................................................................24
8.1 General..................................................................................................................................................24
8.2 Hole dimensions ..................................................................................................................................25
8.3 Use of bolted joints..............................................................................................................................25
8.4 Preparing contact surfaces for bolted joints ....................................................................................26
8.5 Tightening of bolted joints that are not preloaded...........................................................................28
8.6 Tightening of preloaded bolted joints ...............................................................................................28
8.6.1 General..................................................................................................................................................28
8.6.2 Torque control method .......................................................................................................................30
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Page
8.6.3 Impact turn method .............................................................................................................................31
8.6.4 Angle torquing (turn of nut) method .................................................................................................31
8.6.5 Combined preloading method............................................................................................................31
8.7 Riveting.................................................................................................................................................32
9 Erection ................................................................................................................................................32
9.1 Erection method statement ................................................................................................................32
9.2 Structural bearings..............................................................................................................................32
9.3 Erection work.......................................................................................................................................33
9.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................................33
9.3.2 Marking .................................................................................................................................................33
9.3.3 Handling and storage on site .............................................................................................................33
9.3.4 Alignment .............................................................................................................................................33
10 Corrosion protection treatment .........................................................................................................33
10.1 General .................................................................................................................................................33
10.2 Surface preparation.............................................................................................................................34
10.3 Shop primers .......................................................................................................................................34
10.4 Coatings ...............................................................................................................................................34
10.5 Protective treatment of fasteners ......................................................................................................35
11 Geometric tolerances..........................................................................................................................35
11.1 General .................................................................................................................................................35
11.2 Fabrication tolerances ........................................................................................................................35
11.3 Erection tolerances .............................................................................................................................36
12 Inspection and testing ........................................................................................................................36
12.1 General .................................................................................................................................................36
12.2 Fabrication, assembly and erection ..................................................................................................37
12.2.1 Welding.................................................................................................................................................37
12.2.2 Preloaded bolted joints.......................................................................................................................39
12.2.3 Riveted connections ...........................................................................................................................40
12.2.4 Corrosion protection treatment .........................................................................................................40
13 Constructor’s qualification.................................................................................................................40
13.1 General .................................................................................................................................................40
13.2 Internal (factory) production control .................................................................................................40
13.3 Internal (factory) production control measures ...............................................................................41
13.4 Requirements on welding contractors and subcontractors (welding businesses) .....................41

13.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................................41
13.4.2 Welders and operators........................................................................................................................41
13.4.3 Welding coordinators..........................................................................................................................42
13.4.4 Production facilities ............................................................................................................................42
13.4.5 Certification..........................................................................................................................................42
13.5 Classification of welded components ...............................................................................................43
Annex A (informative) Information relating to the standards referred to in clause 2 ................................49
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................58
Figures
Figure 1 — Permissible deviations for anchor bolts with position adjustment options...................36
Tables
Table 100 — Equivalence criteria for the bend test on welded joints.........................................................14
Table 1 — Bolts, nuts and washers for bolted joints as specified in DIN 18800-1 ....................................17
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Page
Table 2 — Methods of making holes ..............................................................................................................20

Table 3A — Standards applicable when drafting welding procedure specifications................................21
Table 3B — Methods of qualifying welding procedures...............................................................................22
Table 4 — Information on the suitability of coatings/coating systems in combination with
preloaded shear bolted joints and fitted shear bolted joints (SLV/SLVP) .....................................27
Table 5 — Preload forces and tightening torques to be applied using the torque control
method and the impact turn method for bolt assemblies of property class 8.8 as in
line 5 of Table 1 ....................................................................................................................................29
Table 6 — Preload forces and tightening torques to be applied using the torque control
method, the impact turn method, angle torquing (turn of nut) method and combined
preloading methods for bolt assemblies of property class 10.9 as in lines 6 and 7
of Table 1 ..............................................................................................................................................30
Table 7 — Further rotation angle ϑ or rotation factor V for the combined preloading method
for bolt and nut assemblies of property class 10.9 as in lines 6 and 7 of Table 1 .......................32
Table 8 — Preload testing for nominal preload forces .................................................................................39
Table 9 — Class A.............................................................................................................................................43
Table 10 — Class B...........................................................................................................................................44
Table 11 — Class C...........................................................................................................................................45
Table 12 — Class D...........................................................................................................................................46
Table 13 — Class E ...........................................................................................................................................47
Table 14 — Constructor’s welding qualifications .........................................................................................48
Table A.1 — List of withdrawn or replaced standards and technical rules to wich reference
is made..................................................................................................................................................49
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Foreword
This standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 005-08-14 AA Stahlbauten; Herstellung of the
Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). It contains the
amendments from draft E DIN 18800-7/A1:2006-05 that were approved by the working committee and updated
normative references throughout the document. The amendments relative to DIN 18800-7:2002-09 are marked
by a vertical line in the left-hand margin.
This standard contains specifications and recommendations for the construction of steel buildings.
A revision of DIN 18800-7:2002-09 was necessitated by changes in European Standards and in national
regulations on bridge construction and the ensuing changes in steel designations. The standard still follows
the same concept as its predecessor, however.
Amendments
The following amendments have been made compared with DIN 18800-7:2002-09:
a) The normative references have been updated and adjustments made to the appropriate provisions in the
text.
b) The equivalent criterion for the bend test on welded joints is now included.
c) The wording of the standard has been brought into line with current European Standards.
d) The specification for high-strength bolt and nut assemblies has been adjusted to conform to the provisions
of the DIN EN 14399 series.
e) Items 508 and 702 have been deleted.
Previous editions
DIN 1000: 1921-03, 1923-10, 1930-07, 1956x-03, 1973-12
DIN 1073: 1928-04, 1931-09, 1941-01, 1974-07
Supplement to DIN 1073: 1974-07

DIN 1079: 1938-01, 1938-11, 1970-09
DIN 4100: 1931-05, 1933-07, 1934xxxx-08, 1956-12, 1968-12
DIN 4100 Supplement 1: 1956x-12, 1968-12
DIN 4100 Supplement 2: 1956x-12, 1968-12
DIN 4101: 1937xxx-07, 1974-07
DIN 18000-7: 1983-05, 2002-09
DIN V 18800-7: 2000-10
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
1 Scope
(101) This standard applies to the construction of components made of steel that are intended to bear
predominately static and non-predominately static loads. Components shall be designed in accordance with
DIN 18800-1 to DIN 18800-5 and the respective standards dealing with specific aspects.
This standard includes rules relating to constructor’s qualifications and to the classification of welded steel
components.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 101, Rivets — Technical specifications
DIN 434, Square taper washers for U-sections
DIN 435, Square taper washers for I-sections
DIN 820-2, Standardization — Part 2: Presentation of documents
DIN 929, Hexagon weld nuts
DIN 976-1, Stud bolts — Part 1: Metric thread
DIN 4131, Steel radio towers and masts
DIN 4132, Craneways — Steel structures — Principles for calculation, design and construction
DIN V 4133, Free-standing steel stacks
DIN 6917, Square taper washers for high-strength structural bolting of steel I sections
DIN 6918, Square taper washers for high-strength structural bolting of steel channel sections
DIN 7968, Hexagon fit bolts with hexagon nut for steel structures
DIN 7969, Slotted countersunk head bolts with hexagon nut for steel structures
DIN 7989-1, Washers for steel structures — Part 1: Product grade C
DIN 7989-2, Washers for steel structures — Part 2: Product grade A
DIN 7990, Hexagon head bolts with hexagon nut for steel structures
DIN 18202, Tolerances in building construction — Structures
DIN 18800-1:2008-11, Steel structures — Part 1: Design and construction
DIN 18800-2, Steel structures — Part 2: Stability — Safety against buckling of linear members and frames
DIN 18800-3, Steel structures — Part 3: Stability — Safety against buckling of plates
DIN 18800-4, Steel structures — Part 4: Stability — Safety against buckling of shells
DIN 18800-5, Steel structures — Part 5: Composite structures of steel and concrete — Design and
construction
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
DIN 18808, Steel structures — Structures made from hollow sections subjected to predominately static
loading
DIN 34820, Plain washers, chamfered, for steel structures
DIN 55928-8, Protection of steel structures from corrosion by organic and metallic coatings — Part 8:
Protection of supporting thin-walled building components from corrosion
DIN 55928-9, Corrosion protection of steel structures by the application of organic or metallic coatings —
Composition of binders and pigments for coating materials
DIN EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
DIN EN 473, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles
DIN EN 1011-1, Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 1: General guidance
for arc welding
DIN EN 1011-2:2001-05, Welding — Recommendation for welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Arc welding
of ferritic steels
DIN EN 1011-3, Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Arc welding of
stainless steels
DIN EN 1289, Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels
DIN EN 1291, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds — Acceptance levels
DIN EN 1337-11, Structural bearings — Part 11: Transport, storage and installation
DIN EN 1418, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance
weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials
DIN EN 1435, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints
DIN EN 1714, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing of welded joints
DIN EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy
structural steels
DIN EN 10025-3, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
DIN EN 10025-4, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for
thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
DIN EN 10025-5, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for structural
steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
DIN EN 10160, Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm (reflection
method)
DIN EN 10164, Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the
product — Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
DIN EN 10210-1, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Part 1: Technical
delivery conditions
7
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
DIN EN 10219-1, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Part 1:
Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 13479, Welding consumables — General product standard for filler metals and fluxes for fusion
welding of metallic materials
DIN EN 13814, Fairground and amusement park machinery and structures — Safety
DIN EN 14399-4, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon
bolt and nut assemblies
DIN EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 6: Plain chamfered
washers
DIN EN 14399-8, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon
fit bolt and nut assemblies
DIN EN 14532-1, Welding consumables — Test methods and quality requirements — Part 1: Primary
methods and conformity assessment of consumables for steel, nickel and nickel alloys
DIN EN ISO 1461, Hot-dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test
methods
DIN EN ISO 2063, Thermal spraying — Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Zinc, aluminium and their
alloys
DIN EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive
quality requirements
DIN EN ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding for metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality
requirements
DIN EN ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality
requirements
DIN EN ISO 4014, Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B
DIN EN ISO 4017, Hexagon head screws — Product grades A and B

DIN EN ISO 4032, Hexagon nuts, style 1 — Product grades A and B
DIN EN ISO 4034, Hexagon nuts — Product grade C
DIN EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
DIN EN ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections
DIN EN ISO 7089, Plain washers — Normal series, Product grade A
DIN EN ISO 7090, Plain washers, chamfered — Normal series, Product grade A
DIN EN ISO 7091, Plain washers — Normal series, Product grade C
DIN EN ISO 9013:2003-07, Thermal cutting — Classification of thermal cuts — Geometrical product
specification and quality tolerances
DIN EN ISO 10642, Hexagon socket countersunk head screws
DIN EN ISO 10684, Fasteners — Hot-dip galvanized coatings
8
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
DIN EN ISO 12944-1, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems — Part 1: General introduction
systems — Part 2: Classification of environments
systems — Part 3: Design considerations
systems — Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation
DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems — Part 5: Protective paint systems
systems — Part 6: Laboratory performance test
DIN EN ISO 12944-7:1998-07, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems — Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work
systems — Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and maintenance
DIN EN ISO 13916, Welding — Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass
temperature and preheat maintenance temperature
DIN EN ISO 13918, Welding — Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
DIN EN ISO 13919-1, Welding — Electrons and laser beam welded joints; guidance on quality levels for
imperfections — Part 1: Steel
DIN EN ISO 13920, Welding — General tolerances for welded constructions — Dimensions for lengths and
angles; shape and position
DIN EN ISO 14555, Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials
DIN EN ISO 14713, Protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures — Zinc and aluminium coatings
— Guidelines
DIN EN ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities
DIN EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 1: Arc welding
procedure specification — Part 2: Gas welding
procedure specification — Part 4: Laser beam welding
procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding
DIN EN ISO 15610, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification
based on tested welding consumables
based on previous welding experience
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
by adoption of a standard welding procedure
based on pre-production welding test
procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys
procedure test — Part 11: Electron and laser beam welding
procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding
procedure test — Part 13: Resistance butt and flash welding
DIN EN ISO 15620, Welding — Friction welding of metallic materials
DIN EN ISO 17652-2, Welding — Test for shop primers in relation to welding and allied processes — Part 2:
Welding properties of shop primers
DIN EN ISO 17660 (all parts), Welding — Welding of reinforcing steel
DIN EN ISO 21670, Hexagon weld nuts with flange
DIN-Fachbericht (DIN Technical Report) 103, Steel bridges
DIN-Fachbericht 104, Composite steel and concrete bridges
DASt-Richtlinie 006 1) (DAST Code of practice 006), Überschweißen von Fertigungsbeschichtungen (FB) im
Stahlbau (Weld overlaying of shop primers in structural steel work)
DASt-Richtlinie 0071), Lieferung, Verarbeitung und Anwendung wetterfester Baustähle (Supply, processing
and use of weatherproof structural steels)
DASt-Richtlinie 0091), Stahlsortenauswahl für geschweißte Stahlbauten (Steel grades for welded steel
structures)
DASt-Richtlinie 0141), Empfehlungen zum Vermeiden von Terrassenbrüchen in geschweißten Konstruktionen

aus Baustahl (Recommendations for the avoidance of terrace ruptures in welded structures of structural steel)
DASt-Richtlinie 0161), Bemessung und konstruktive Gestaltung von Tragwerken aus dünnwandigen kalt-
geformten Bauteilen (Design and construction of structures made of thin-walled cold-formed components)
DASt-Richtlinie 0211), Schraubenverbindungen aus feuerverzinkten Garnituren M39 bis M64 entsprechend
DIN 6914, DIN 6915, DIN 6916 (Bolted joints from hot-dip galvanized assemblies M39 to M64 according to
DIN 6914, DIN 6915, DIN 6916)
1) Obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, and Stahlbau Verlag GmbH, Sohnstr. 65, 40237 Düsseldorf.
10
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
2)
DVS 1702 , Verfahrensprüfungen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau (Process testing in construction
engineering)
2)
DVS 1704 , Voraussetzungen und Verfahren für die Erteilung von Bescheinigungen über die
Herstellerqualifikation zum Schweißen von Stahlbauten nach DIN 18800-7:2002-09 (Terms and procedures
for testing of fabricators for welding of steel structures to DIN 18000-7:2002-09)
2)
DVS-IIW/EWF 1171 , International Welding Specialist (IWST) — General information, means of qualification,
overview of topics
2)
DVS-IIW/EWF 1172 , International Welding Technologist (IWT) — General information, means of
qualification, overview of topics
2)
DVS-IIW/EWF 1173 , International Welding Engineer (IWE) — General information, means of qualification,
overview of topics
2)
DVS-IIW/EWF 1178 , International Welding Inspection Personnel (IWIP) — Minimum requirements for
training,inspection and qualification
3)
DSV/GAV -Richtlinie für die Herstellung feuerverzinkter Schrauben (DSI/GAV Guideline for the production of
hot-dip-galvanized screws and bolts)
4)
SEP 1390 , Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblatt 1390 (Iron and steel testing specification 1390) Aufschweißbiegeversuch
(Bead bend test)
4)
SEW 088 , Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt 088 (Iron and steel material specification 088) Schweißgeeignete
Feinkornbaustähle — Richtlinie für die Vorbereitung, besonders für das Schmelzschweißen; (enthält SEW 088
Beiblatt 1 und SEW 088 Beiblatt 2) (Weldable fine grain structural steel — Guideline on processing,
particularly on fusion welding (includes SEW 088 Supplements 1 and 2))
5)
TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten , Technische Lieferbedingungen und Technische Prüfvorschriften für Beschich-
tungsstoffe für den Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten (Technical delivery terms and test regulations for anti-
corrosion coatings on steel structures)
6)
Ril 804 , Eisenbahnbrücken (und sonstige Ingenieurbauwerke) planen, bauen und instand halten (Design,
construction and maintenance of railway bridges (and other civil engineering constructions))
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
execution
(301) procurement, fabrication, transport, erection, protective treatment, inspections and documentation
2) Obtainable from Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren, Aachener Straße 172, 40223 Düsseldorf.
3) Obtainable from Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken e.V., Sohnstraße 66, 40237 Düsseldorf.
4) Obtainable from Verlag Stahleisen GmbH, Postfach 105164, 40042 Düsseldorf.
5) Obtainable from Verkehrsblatt-Verlag, Hohe Straße 39, 44139 Dortmund.
6) Obtainable from Deutsche Bahn, AHS Logistikcenter, Kriegstraße 1, 76131 Karlsruhe.
11
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
3.2
company qualification inspection
(company audit)
(302) inspection of the constructor by an approved body to find out whether the constructor’s qualification as
in this standard is fulfilled
3.3
designer
(303) person or organization responsible for designing and dimensioning of structures
3.4
fabrication release
erection release
(304) release of technical documentation required for the fabrication or erection by an approved person
3.5
constructor
(305) person or organization executing steel structures
3.6
inspection authority
(306) person or organization which, on behalf of the client or due to legal regulations, checks technical
documents and/or the execution (with responsibility) and confirms their usability
3.7
welding business
(307) company which executes welding work and employs the required specialized personnel and appropriate
facilities for fabrication and erection
3.8
procedure tests
(308) test to confirm that the process parameters are suitable to fulfil the requirements as in this standard or
co-valid standards and technical rules
4 Documentation
4.1 Execution specification documents
(401) All information and technical requirements required for the erection of steel structures and the adjoining
components and which result from design, calculation and dimensioning in accordance with appropriate rules
as well as with the provisions of this standard shall be unambiguously named in the execution specification
documents.
These are construction drawings which, as specified in clause 2 of DIN 18800-1:2008-11 item 208, are
required for fabrication and erection.
(402) In addition to these requirements, the following information for execution is to be documented in
drawings and the corresponding parts lists:
⎯ product standards of the steel products and fasteners to be used;
⎯ quality classes of steel grades and, where necessary, details about options (additional requirements) of
the relevant material standards;
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
⎯ the quality class of steel components with improved ductility characteristics perpendicular to the product
surface shall be additionally specified in accordance with DIN EN 10164;
⎯ dimensions and type (symbolic representation) of weld seams, providing welding details where necessary
to prevent ambiguity;
⎯ quality levels for the required weld grades as in DIN EN ISO 5817;
⎯ type and extent of the non-destructive material and weld tests;
⎯ type of certificates which, as specified in DIN EN 10204, are required for the steel products and fasteners
to be used in executing the works;
⎯ tolerances;
⎯ preparatory treatment of the materials;
⎯ where cast products are used, the quality level.
(403) Missing information is to be agreed upon with the responsible designer and added to the execution
specification documents.
Temporary fasteners and joints on the components only required for assembly purposes shall be specified in
the drawings, even if these are removed upon completion of the work.
If the constructor needs to modify the execution specification documents, modifications shall be made in
accordance with the designer’s instructions and, if necessary, the inspection authority’s instructions.
4.2 Verification documents
(404) The following documents are required to prove compliance with the requirements on production and
execution of components made of steel:
a) certificates as specified in DIN EN 10204, where applicable;

b) documentation of the individual uses of different basic products;
c) details about permitted deviations and their representation in as-built drawings, or sufficient notes
enabling such as-built drawings to be produced;
d) test and inspection reports.
5 Materials
5.1 Rolled steels, forged steels and cast materials
5.1.1 Types
(501) The materials approved for use are to be taken from rules listed in item 101.
5.1.2 Dimensions
(502) Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions and shape shall comply with the appropriate standards.
13
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
5.1.3 Quality classes
(503) Steel grades of the quality classes appropriate to the intended application and their suitability for
welding shall be selected. DASt-Richtlinie 009 shall apply.
5.1.4 Additional requirements
(504) If loads are to be applied perpendicular to the surface, steel products with improved ductility
characteristics in the perpendicular direction as specified in DIN EN 10164 shall be used.
The requirements of DASt-Richtlinie 014 are to be met.
(505) Plates, sheets and broad flat steel elements used in loadbearing components of class E (see Table 13)
which are subjected to tensile loads perpendicular to the surface shall be tested by ultrasonic methods if their
nominal thickness is 10 mm or more The tests shall be carried out as specified in DIN EN 10160; product quality
class S1 is required for the surface areas and E1 is required for the edge zones.
NOTE See DBS 918 002-02 for railway bridge construction specifications.
(506) The conditions listed in Table 100 shall be met for products made to conform to the specifications of
DIN EN 10025-2, DIN EN 10025-3, DIN EN 10025-4, DIN EN 10210-1 and DIN EN 10219-1 with nominal yield
2
strengths of up to 355 N/mm and onto which other parts are to be welded and where the resulting weld
seams are in regions which are subjected to tensile loads or bending tensile stresses.
As an alternative, verification of the suitability of the steel can be provided by carrying out a bend test on
welded joints in accordance with SEP 1390.
Suitability of steel of grades as specified in DIN EN 10025-5 which are used for sheet or plate thicknesses
over 30 mm shall be proved by conducting bend tests on welded joints in accordance with SEP 1390.
Table 100 — Equivalence criteria for the bend test on welded joints
Steel grade Thickness t

t ≤ 30 mm > 30 mm to ≤ 80 mm > 80 mm
S 355
Grade N or M fine-grain Grade NL or ML fine-
structural steel as grain structural steel as

specified in specified in
no particular
DIN EN 10025-3 or DIN EN 10025-3 or
requirements
DIN EN 10025-4, DIN EN 10025-4,
S 275
DIN EN 10210-1 and DIN EN 10210-1 and
DIN EN 10219-1 DIN EN 10219-1
S 235 Grade +N or +M as specified in DIN EN 10025-2
(507) For products made of steel grades S355 as specified in DIN EN 10025-2, DIN EN 10210-1 and
DIN EN 10219-1 to be used in welded structures, a ladle analysis of the following 14 elements shall be
specified in the order documents and the results stated in the inspection document: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, N, Cr,
Cu, Mo, Ni, Nb, Ti, V.
The ladle analysis results of products with a thickness of ≤ 30 mm shall prove that the carbon content is not
more than 0,18 % C if the steel contains more than 0,03 % Ti, Nb or V.
(508) has been deleted.
14
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(509) The inspection documents shall state the condition in which the steel products are to be delivered.
For products made of steel grades as in DIN EN 10025-2, the supplier and customer can agree that delivery
conditions +AR or +N are acceptable for thick metal plates (boiler plates).
For long products and continuously rolled flat products made of steel grades as in DIN EN 10025-2, the
supplier and customer can agree that delivery conditions +AR, +M or +N are accepted.
(510) If the materials are to be bent or formed using hot or cold processes, steel grades suitable for such
processes shall be selected.
(511) The internal quality and surface quality of steel castings and spheroidal graphite iron castings shall be
verified by non-destructive tests, and the respective verification shall be provided. The materials shall be of
the quality levels defined in DIN 18800-1 and shall be approved by the designer and the inspection authority.
5.1.5 Certificates
(512) For all rolled steel, forged and cast products, inspection documents as specified in DIN EN 10204 shall
be provided.
(513) For products made of S235 (except S235J2), a 2.2 test report stating the chemical composition as
determined by ladle analysis and the characteristic values of mechanical properties as determined by the
supplier’s internal (factory) production control is adequate.
All other products shall be provided with a type 3.1 inspection certificate, stating the chemical composition
determined by ladle analysis, the CEV-value and characteristic values of mechanical properties (see items
507 and 508).
If no type 2.2 test report or 3.1 inspection certificate as in DIN EN 10204 can be provided for products that are
to be re-used for a different purpose and whose manufacturer can no longer be determined or no longer
exists, then the properties to be proved shall be verified and attested by an accredited inspection authority
which is also approved to certify such products.
(514) For products with special properties (see items 504, 505, 506 and 511) inspection certificates showing
the results of testing as specified in DIN EN 10160, DIN EN 10164 and SEP 1390 shall be provided.
5.2 Welding consumables
(515) Welding consumables shall be compatible with the base material to be welded and with the welding
processes to be used.
All welding consumables shall conform to the requirements specified in DIN EN 13479 and the corresponding
standards on welding consumables. The suitability of the welding consumables shall be proved by providing
suitability certificates which include the intended welding process, the base materials, the welding position, the
sheet thickness, the type of current and the polarity. The type qualification certificate shall be based on initial
type testing in accordance with DIN EN 13479. At the request of the party ordering the products, conformity
shall be proved by means of a type qualification certificate issued by an accredited inspection authority in
accordance with DIN EN 14532-1. The manufacturer or the supplier shall indicate conformity of the welding
consumables to the standards by applying a CE mark in accordance with DIN EN 13479 and by stating on the
label the certificate number and the name of the inspection authority issuing the certificate.
15
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
5.3 Fasteners
5.3.1 Bolts, nuts and washers
(516) Standardized fasteners as listed in Table 1 shall be used. In this table, the product standards are listed
in connection with the property classes in accordance with DIN 18800-1.
(517) Bolts, nuts and washers smaller than M6 are not permitted for loadbearing structures. Bolts, nuts and
washers smaller than M12 are only permitted to be subjected to tensile loads if their tensile capacity is less
than 50 % utilized.
(518) Bolt assemblies (bolt, nut, washer) as listed in Table 1 may only be joined together if all elements have
the same corrosion-protection treatment. In order to guarantee the fit of male and female threads, galvanized
bolts and nuts (Table 1, lines 1 to 7) shall be obtained from one and the same manufacturer, irrespective of
their type or model.
Only the bolt manufacturer or a qualified company under the responsibility of the bolt manufacturer shall be
permitted to hot-dip galvanize high-strength bolt assemblies (Table 1, lines 5 to 7) (see DSV/GAV-Richtlinie
für die Herstellung feuerverzinkter Schrauben).
(519) For preloaded bolted joints (types and variants SLV, SLVP, GV and GVP as specified in DIN 18800-1),
only matching assemblies made by one and the same manufacturer as indicated in lines 5 to 7 of Table 1
shall be used. The bolt manufacturer shall guarantee (e.g. by means of appropriate lubrication of the nuts) a
consistent tightening behaviour as specified in Tables 5 and 6 on delivery.
NOTE A bolt assembly consists of a bolt and nut, as well as the number of washers required for the respective
application, whereby all elements shall be produced by one and the same manufacturer.
16
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 1 — Bolts, nuts and washers for bolted joints as specified in DIN 18800-1
Type of bolted
joint as Bolts Nuts Washers
Line
specified in
DIN 18800-1a
Product standard FKb Product standard FKc Product standard HKd
> M16:4e
DIN 7990 DIN 7989-1
1 SL 4.6 or 5e
DIN 7969 DIN EN ISO 4034 DIN 7989-2
≤ M16:5e 100
DIN EN ISO 4032 DIN 434
2 SL DIN 7990
5.6 5e DIN 435
3 SLPg DIN 7968
4 200
DIN EN ISO 7089
300
200
DIN EN ISO 4014 DIN EN ISO 7090
300
SL
DIN EN ISO 4017 8.8 DIN EN ISO 4032 8 DIN EN ISO 7091 100
DIN EN ISO 10642h DIN 434 100
DIN 435 100
5 SLVf DIN 34820 300
DIN EN 14399-4 in k DIN EN 14399-6
6 SL, SLVf, GVf,g class K1
DIN 6917
DIN EN ISO 10642h DIN EN 14399-4 in
10.9 10 300
DIN EN 14399-8 in k k class K1
SLPg, SLVPf,g, class K1
7 DIN 6918
GVPf,g
DIN EN ISO 10642h
a Predominately static tensile loads are permitted in principle.
b FK = property class as in DIN EN ISO 898-1.
c FK = property class as in DIN EN 20898-2.
d HK = hardness class as specified in product standards.
e Nuts of property class 8 with tolerance 6G are also permitted.

f Non-predominately static tensile loads are also permitted.
g Non-predominately static shear loads are also permitted.
h Only for SL connections.
Key to table:
SL shear bolted joint
SLP fitted shear bolted joint
SLV preloaded shear bolted joint
SLVP preloaded fitted shear bolted joint
GV preloaded fitted shear bolted joint
GVP preloaded fitted friction-grip bolted joint
5.3.2 Other mechanical connections
(520) Stud bolts shall conform to DIN 976-1. Item 518 shall apply by analogy.
17
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(521) Anchor bolts and other threaded parts shall be manufactured with the property classes given in Table 1
or shall be made of hot-rolled steel bar. Item 518 shall apply by analogy.
(522) Shear connector studs shall conform to DIN EN ISO 13918.
(523) Only standardized rivets with nominal diameters ≥ 6 mm are permitted for loadbearing connections.
(524) DASt-Richtlinie 021 shall apply where HV (high-tensile strength) bolt and nut assemblies M39 to M64
are used.
If use of fasteners other than the bolt and nut assembly elements listed in Table 1, lines 5 to 7 is planned (e.g.
using countersunk-head bolts, blind threaded holes or stud bolts) for pre-loaded connections, the suitability of
these shall be proved by procedure qualification tests.
5.3.3 Marking and certificates
(525) Washers for preloaded connections shall have the manufacturer’s ID marking and all bolts and nuts
shall have the manufacturer’s ID marking as well as the property class marking.
NOTE 1 Hot-dip galvanized nuts as specified in DIN EN 14399-4 (see lines 6 and 7 in Table 1 of this standard) always
have oversize threads. For this reason, the symbol “Z” in addition to the “HV” product identification as specified in
DIN EN ISO 10684 is required neither on the label nor on the actual nuts.
NOTE 2 Hot-dip galvanized bolts as specified in DIN 7990, DIN 7968 or DIN 7969 (see lines 1 to 3 in Table 1 of this
standard) always have undersize threads. For this reason, the symbol “U” in addition to the “HV” product identification as
specified in DIN EN ISO 10684 is required neither on the label nor on the actual nuts.
(526) If a single mechanical fastener is used to make a connection and the failure of this fastener might
possibly lead to the failure of the entire loadbearing structure, the strength properties of this fastener shall be
certified by a 3.1 inspection certificate as in DIN EN 10204. The strength properties of bolts of property
classes 8.8 and 10.9 shall always be proved by a 3.1 inspection certificate as in DIN EN 10204.
(527) Where bolts of property classes 8.8 and 10.9 are marked with a batch identification mark and the
manufacturer can recall the measured characteristic values from the internal (factory) production control
records on the basis of this mark, the 3.1 inspection certificate as in DIN EN 10204 can be omitted.
(528) If no 3.1 inspection certificate as in DIN EN 10204 can be provided for existing fasteners that are to be
re-used for a different purpose and whose manufacturer can no longer be determined or no longer exists, the
properties to be proved shall be tested and certified by an accredited inspection authority which is also
approved to certify such products.
18
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
6 Fabrication
6.1 Identification of materials and components
(601) At all stages of fabrication, every part of the steel structure shall be unambiguously identifiable.
6.2 Cutting
(602) Appropriate cutting processes shall be used to cut the materials.
The perpendicularity and angularity tolerances and the mean height of profile of the cut edges created by
flame cutting shall be within the quality range 1 to 4 as specified in Tables 4 and 5 of DIN EN ISO 9013:2003-
07.
Shear-cut edges and punched cut-outs shall be free of notches and cracks. Otherwise they will require to be
reworked.
(603) Additional requirements for components which not subjected to predominately static loads:
The perpendicularity and angularity tolerances and the mean height of profile of the cut edges created by
flame cutting shall be within the quality range 1 to 3 as specified in Tables 4 and 5 of DIN EN ISO 9013:2003-
07.
Unless the respective zones are re-melted by subsequent welding, shear-cut edges and punched cut-outs in
elements to be subjected to tensile loads shall be reworked if they have hardened edges and have possibly
been damaged during cutting.
The reworked edges shall be de-burred.
6.3 Forming, heat treatment and flame straightening
(604) After forming, heat treatment or flame straightening processes, material properties shall still meet the
original requirements. The recommendations of the relevant material regulations, material standards and
guidelines (e.g. SEW 088) are to be followed. Bending and forming in the blue heat range (250 °C to 380 °C)
and quenching are not permitted. Hot forming of “M” steels is not permitted.
19
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
6.4 Making of perforations
(605) The permissible methods and supplementary processes for making holes are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 — Methods of making holes
Sheet, plate or Load on the component

section thickness
t Predominately static Predominately static Not predominately static
compression or bending tensile or tensile bending compression, tensile or
mm compression loads loads bending loads
≤ 16 Punching (hole diameter d ≥ t), drilling or machine flame As specified below

cutting (range 1 to 4)a for > 16 mm
> 16 As specified above Punching and reaming min. 2 mm,
for ≤ 16 mm drilling or machine flame cutting (range 1 to 3)a
a
For the perpendicularity or angularity tolerance and the mean height of profile as in DIN EN ISO 9013.
(606) Additional requirements for components not subjected to predominately static loading:
Hole edges on external edges shall be chamfered.
Holes for bolts and rivets shall be free of burrs.
6.5 Cut-outs
(607) Re-entrant angles and notches shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 5 mm.
(608) Additional requirements for components not subjected to predominately static loading:
Re-entrant angles and notches shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 8 mm.

7 Welding
7.1 Welding requirements
7.1.1 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
(701) Welding shall be carried out according to approved welding procedure specifications.
Table 3A gives the standards applicable to the drafting of welding procedure specifications. The method used
to qualify preliminary welding procedure specifications depends on the welding process to be used. For
electric arc welding processes (111, 114, 12, 135, 136, 141 and 15) and oxy-acetylene welding processes
(311), the qualification method will also depend on what materials are being welded and on the degree of
automation of the welding process. Table 3B shows a summary of welding procedure qualification methods.
For welding processes 21, 22, 23, 24 and 42, the welding procedure qualification report (WPQR) shall
describe the evaluation criteria applied for the qualification and specify the permitted irregularity tolerance
limits which are decisive for production. A distinction shall be made between components subjected to
predominately static loads and those not subjected to predominately static loads.
20
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(702) has been deleted.
Table 3A — Standards applicable when drafting welding procedure specifications
Welding processes as in DIN EN ISO 4063

Relevant standards
Process number Designation
Manual metal arc welding (metal arc

111
welding with covered electrode)
114 Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
12 Submerged arc welding
135 Metal active gas welding DIN EN ISO 15609-1
Tubular-cored metal arc welding with

136
active gas shield
141 Tungsten inert gas welding
15 Plasma arc welding
311 Oxy-acetylene welding DIN EN ISO 15609-2
21 Resistance spot welding

a
22 Resistance seam welding
DIN EN ISO 15609-5
a
23 Projection welding
a
24 Flash welding
a
42 Friction welding DIN EN ISO 15620
52 Laser welding DIN EN ISO 15609-4
Drawn arc stud welding with ceramic

783
ferrule or shielding gas
DIN EN ISO 14555
784 Short-cycle drawn arc stud welding
a Only for seams not intended to bear structural loads.
21
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 3B — Methods of qualifying welding procedures
Welding processes as in DIN EN ISO 4063 Qualification method
Process Degree of
Designation Material Qualification method
number automation
Manual metal arc welding (metal

DIN EN ISO 15610,
111 arc welding with covered Rolled steel, Manual and DIN EN ISO 15611,
electrode) forged steel
partially DIN EN ISO 15612,
and cast DIN EN ISO 15613, or
mechanized
Self-shielded tubular-cored arc steel DIN EN ISO 15614-1
114
welding products
12 Submerged arc welding Completely

Re ≤ 355
N/mm
2 mechanized
and
automated
135 Metal active gas welding
Rolled steel, DIN EN ISO 15613 or
forged steel DIN EN ISO 15614-1
Tubular-cored metal arc welding and cast and observing the
136 additional provisions in
with active gas shield steel
products DVS 1702
All
141 Tungsten inert gas welding
Re > 355
2
15 Plasma arc welding N/mm
311 Oxy-acetylene welding
21 Resistance spot welding
22 Resistance seam welding DIN EN ISO 15614-12
23 Projection welding
24 Flash welding DIN EN ISO 15614-13
42 Friction welding DIN EN ISO 15620
52 Laser welding DIN EN ISO 15614-11
Drawn arc stud welding with

783
ceramic ferrule or shielding gas
DIN EN ISO 14555
Short-cycle drawn arc stud
784
welding
7.1.2 Welding procedure tests or advance production tests
(703) If welding procedure tests or advance welding production tests are required, the respective
documentation WPQR (Welding Procedure Qualification Record) shall be available before production or
erection work is started.
22
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
7.2 Welding plan
(704) For structures not subjected to predominately static loads, a welding plan shall be compiled.
7.3 Preparation for welding
7.3.1 General
(705) Welding surfaces shall be dry, clean, free of rust, corrosion protection coatings (exception as described
in DASt-Richtlinie 006) and other contaminants. The weld seams shall be prepared as specified in the
execution specification documents.
In addition to the following specifications, the recommendations given in DIN EN 1011-1 and DIN EN 1011-2
should be taken into consideration.
When stainless steel grades are to be welded, the recommendations given in DIN EN 1011-3 should be taken
into consideration.
7.3.2 Storage and handling of welding consumables
(706) Welding consumables shall be stored in a way which ensures that the product properties guaranteed
by their manufacturers are not impaired.
Welding consumables showing signs of damage or visible quality deterioration shall not be used.
7.3.3 Weather protection
(707) Both the welder and the workpiece shall be adequately protected against the direct effects of wind,
rain, snow and cold temperatures.
If the temperature of the material to be welded is low, which generally means below 0 °C, appropriate measures
shall be taken.
7.4 Execution of welding work

7.4.1 General
(708) In addition to 7.3.1, the provisions specified in 7.4.2 to 7.4.6 shall apply.
7.4.2 Preheating
(709) If the application of welding heat is too slow and heat is conducted away from the weld too rapidly, or if
the workpiece temperature is low, the material surrounding the zone to be welded shall be adequately
preheated, depending on the material.
NOTE Preheating may also be necessary for thicker components or where a group of weld seams is located in one
area, as well as to prevent residual stress or lamellar tearing in T-shaped connections (see DASt-Richtlinie 014).
The required minimum preheating temperatures can be determined as described in SEW 088.
Preheating temperatures shall be measured on the lines of DIN EN ISO 13916.
(710) To prevent cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement, the recommendations given in

DIN EN 1011-2:2001-05, C.3, method B shall be followed.
23
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
7.4.3 Temporary attachments for assembly work
(711) After assembly work has been concluded, temporary elements attached by tack welds or bolted joints
shall be removed in such a way that the assembled main component conforms to the specified quality
requirements.
In components which are to be subjected to loads that are not predominately static, suitable tests shall be
carried out to ensure that the surface of the parent material is free of cracks.
7.4.4 Stud welding
(712) Studs shall be welded and tested as specified in DIN EN ISO 14555.
In classes C to D, an area of imperfections of 10 %, and in class E an area of imperfections of 5 % are permitted

(see Tables 11 to 13).
7.4.5 Welding of concrete-reinforcing steel
(713) Welds on concrete-reinforcing steel are to be executed and tested as specified in DIN EN ISO 17660.
7.4.6 Additional requirements
(714) Additional requirements such as apply to grinding and reworking of finished weld seams shall be stated
in the project execution specifications.
Where shrinkage forces act perpendicular to the thickness of the component, the recommendations for
preventing lamellar tearing should be followed (see DASt-Richtlinie 014 and Annex F of DIN EN 1011-2:2001-
05).
8 Bolted and riveted joints
8.1 General
(801) If elements are joined using bolts or rivets, the provisions set down in items 506 to 513 of DIN 18800-
1:2008-11 shall be observed.
(802) Thickness differences due to production tolerances between elements joined by a splice plate
subjected to shear loads shall not exceed 2 mm when subjected to predominately static loads, and 1 mm
when subjected to loads that are not predominately static. Steel liner plates with a minimum thickness of 1 mm
shall be fitted where necessary to ensure that the difference does not exceed the limits. If more than three
liner plates are used, they shall be connected before they are fitted.
NOTE The liner plates can be joined by bolting or welding them together, see DIN 18800-1:2008-11, item 512.
(803) Steel shim plates under washers or directly under bolt heads (if there is only one washer and this is
under the nut) shall not be thinner than 4 mm and shall have at least the same nominal strength as the
component on which they are used. Such plates shall not be used to bridge long slotted holes or other extra
long holes unless structural calculations have proved the suitability of the solution (also see item 807).
(804) Nuts and bolts used for shear fit joints subjected to loads that are not predominately static shall be
secured against loosening by additional means.
NOTE Pre-loaded joints do not need to be additionally secured even if elements are subjected to loads that are not
predominately static. In special applications with a grip length ratio lk/d < 5, the pre-loaded joint shall be designed with
dimensions and of a type of construction which will adequately limit lateral displacement of the joined components relative
to one another, see [2].
24
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
8.2 Hole dimensions
(805) DASt-Richtlinie 021 shall apply for high-strength bolt assemblies of sizes M39 to M64.
The nominal hole clearance for bolts in circular holes shall not exceed 2 mm for bolts smaller than M27 and
3 mm for bolts of size M27 and larger, except when the design standards specify other clearance values.
The nominal hole diameter for a rivet shall not exceed the diameter of the raw rivet by more than 2 mm,
unless the design standards or product standards specify smaller values.
(806) Holes for fit bolts shall either be drilled smaller than the shank diameter and be reamed after joining the
elements temporarily, or the elements shall be temporarily joined and the holes drilled through both elements
together. In both cases, the final diameter of the hole shall not exceed the shank diameter by more than
0,3 mm.
(807) Long slotted holes, extra large holes and any shim plates which may be needed (additionally to
washers) (see item 803), shall be executed only in accordance with the designer’s specifications. In most
cases, special structural analysis is required.
(808) Countersunk holes for countersunk bolts and rivets shall be executed in such a way that bolt heads
and rivet heads do not protrude from the outer face of the component. The maximum countersink depth shall
correspond to the designer’s specifications.
8.3 Use of bolted joints

(809) After preloaded bolts and bolts of shear joints and shear fit joints to be subjected to additional tensile
loads have been tightened, at least one full thread pitch shall protrude from the nut. In the case of joints which
have not been preloaded and are not to be subjected to additional tensile loads, the end of the bolt is
permitted to be flush with the outer face of the nut.
(810) It shall be possible to turn nuts manually onto the corresponding bolt. If in individual cases use of a tool
is necessary to screw a nut onto the bolt for the first time, it shall be possible to screw the nut on manually the
second time.
(811) Washers are required under the nuts for bolted joints of property classes 4.6 and 5.6 (Table 1, lines 1
to 3).
(812) Washers are required under nuts and bolt heads for bolted joints of property classes 8.8 and 10.9
(Table 1, lines 4 to 7), whereby the washer shall be positioned with the bevel facing outwards. The washer
under the bolt head may be omitted for non-preloaded bolts of these property classes if the actual hole
clearance conforms to the specifications of item 805.
(813) In order to adjust the grip length of bolted joints, up to 3 washers with a total thickness of not more than
12 mm may be placed on the side that is not to be turned. In this case, displacement of the shear plane shall
be taken into consideration (see item 817).
(814) For connecting U- or I- sections with inclined bearing surfaces, suitable wedge-shaped bolsters shall
be used as in Table 1.
In other cases, the slope between the bearing surface of the component and that of the bolt head or nut in
joints subjected to predominately static loads is permitted to exceed the permitted design value of 2 % as
specified in item 507 of DIN 18800-1:2008-11 up to a slope of double this value (actual slope ≤ 4 %) due to
production inaccuracies, provided that it is the nut which is to be turned to tighten the joint. In joints subjected
to loads which are not predominately static, the sum of the design specification slope and the slope due to
production inaccuracy shall not exceed 2 %.
If, during execution, the slopes are found to exceed these limits, suitable wedges of adequate hardness shall
be used to compensate the differences.
25
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(815) Bolt assemblies for preloaded connections shall be visually inspected. They shall not exhibit any major
surface changes (e.g. soiling or voluminous corrosion products).
(816) Acidic lubricants are not permitted.
(817) In bolted joints, the threads of the bolts are permitted to extend into the shear plane, if this
arrangement was taken into consideration in the joint design calculations.
(818) Bolts may only be welded subject to special verification. Only suitable nuts (e.g. in accordance with
DIN 929, DIN EN ISO 21670) may be welded.
(819) It is not permissible to mate hot-dip galvanized bolts with thread undersize (supplementary symbol “U”
as in DIN EN ISO 10684) to hot-dip galvanized nuts with thread oversize (supplementary symbol “Z” as in
DIN EN ISO 10684) (cf. items 518 and 525).
Similar rules apply when hot-dip galvanized bolts are to be screwed into hot-dip galvanized components with
threaded holes and hot-dip galvanized nuts are to be screwed onto hot-dip galvanized components with male
threads. If such hot-dip galvanized bolted joints are to be preloaded, procedure qualification tests are required
(see item 524).
(820) If tapped blind holes are used for joining cast materials, the zones around the threads in the hole shall
be tested by non-destructive methods to ensure the material homogeneity required for transferring the design
load.
(821) Nuts shall be screwed on in such a way that the manufacturer’s marking is visible.
8.4 Preparing contact surfaces for bolted joints
(822) Contact surfaces of shear (SL), fitted shear (SLP), preloaded shear (SLV), and preloaded fitted shear
(SLVP) bolted joints shall be given at least one primer as specified in DIN EN ISO 12944-5. If shop-primed
contact surfaces are free of damage, this rule does not need to apply.
NOTE Liner plates as specified in item 802 also belong to the contact surfaces mentioned in the following items.
(823) The maximum permitted thickness of coating layers as specified in technical delivery conditions, listed
in Table 4, for contact surfaces of preloaded shear and preloaded fitted shear joints is to be taken into
account.
If other suitable coatings which do not conform to Table 4 are used, or more than two coated components are
pressed together, procedure tests shall be conducted to show that the loss of preloading does not exceed the
permitted limits, otherwise the bolt shall be re-tightened.
The following coatings are not suitable for components connected with preloaded shear and preloaded fitted
shear joints, irrespective of the number of contact surfaces that are pressed together.
a) PVC/PVC-combined coatings,
b) AK-coatings with coating thickness > 120 µm,
c) AY-Hydro-coatings with coating thickness > 120 µm.
26
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 4 — Information on the suitability of coatings/coating systems in combination with preloaded

shear bolted joints and fitted shear bolted joints (SLV/SLVP)
Qualification reference Coating/coating system structure

Loss of preload force ≤ 10%
when two coated contact TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten,
ASI, zinc-rich
surfaces are pressed together sheet 85
by bolting
Suitable in SLV/SLVP TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten,
2K-EP zinc-rich
connections for tensional and sheet 87
shear loaded shanks
Hot-dip galvanizing DIN EN ISO 1461
EP-/PUR systema
1. 2K-EP zinc-rich GB or
2K-EP zinc phosphate TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten,
sheet 87
2. 2 × 2K-EP micaceous iron ZB
3. 2K-PUR-DB
1K-PUR-Systema
Loss of preload force ≤ 30 % when 1. GB 1K-PUR zinc-rich, material
two coated contact surfaces are number 689.04 (also possible,
but not yet tested, material TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten,
pressed together by bolting
number 689.03) sheet 89
Suitable in SLV/SLVP connections
2. 2 × ZB 1K-PUR micaceous iron
for shear loaded shanks
3. DB 1K-PUR micaceous iron
TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten,
GB on ethyl silicate base (ESI)
sheet 86
2K-EP high-solid coating Individual qualification tests
AK zinc phosphate GB
Individual qualification tests
AY hydro zinc phosphate GB
a All materials can be used individually, i.e. separately from the respective system.
(824) Contact surfaces of preloaded friction-grip (GV) bolted joints and preloaded fitted friction-grip (GVP)
bolted joints shall be free of any burrs which would prevent the appropriate fit of components. At the time of
assembly the contact surfaces shall be free of all contaminants (e.g. oil, dirt).
(825) Contact surfaces of preloaded friction-grip bolted joints and preloaded fitted friction-grip bolted joints
shall be blasted using appropriate blasting materials and particle sizes (Sa 2 1/2) to achieve a coefficient of
friction of µ ≥ 0,5.
If blasted contact surfaces of preloaded friction-grip bolted joints and preloaded fitted friction-grip bolted joints
are not assembled or coated directly after surface preparation, then surfaces shall be cleaned of flash rust or
other loose particles using a steel brush before assembly. The prepared surface shall not be damaged nor
excessively smoothened.
(826) Blasted contact surfaces of preloaded friction-grip bolted joints and preloaded fitted friction-grip bolted
joints may be coated with a zinc-silicate system if the manufacturer of the coating system is able to guarantee
the required coefficient of friction µ ≥ 0,5 in accordance with TL/TP-KOR-Stahlbauten, sheet 85, by producing
an inspection certificate. The drying times specified by the manufacturer shall be adhered to.
Other coatings may only be used for preloaded friction-grip bolted joints and preloaded fitted friction grip
bolted joints if the coefficient of friction µ ≥ 0,5 has been verified by means of procedure qualification tests.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
8.5 Tightening of bolted joints that are not preloaded
(827) Bolted joints are defined as being not preloaded if the bolts are only tightened “manually” according to
normal assembly practices.
However, a torque-controlled tool that has been set to a suitable value can also be used for “manual
tightening”. In this case, a pre-tightening torque as recommended by the bolt manufacturer, or – irrespective
of the property class – the appropriate pre-tightening torque as shown in column 5 of Table 6 can be applied.
(828) The joined components shall be drawn together to achieve firm contact. During this process each bolt
assembly shall be tightened manually without overloading the bolts. In particular, high-strength bolts shall not
be tightened to forces exceeding the nominal preload forces listed in column 2 of Tables 5 and 6. If the gaps
in butt joints joined by a splice plate are too large, shim plates shall be used to achieve a fit conforming to the
requirements of item 802.
If more than three bolts in a row are used for one and the same joint, they shall be tightened progressively,
starting from the middle of each bolt group and finishing at the outermost bolts.
8.6 Tightening of preloaded bolted joints
8.6.1 General
(829) Execution specification documents shall be drawn up before starting bolting work on constructions.
Adherence to these instructions shall be documented.
(830) If not stated otherwise in execution specification documents, the nominal preload force FV as listed in
column 2 of Table 5 and 6 shall be applied. The nominal preload force can also be calculated by multiplying
the nominal tensile stress area of the bolt × 0,7 × yield stress when bolt dimensions differ from those listed in
Table 5 and Table 6. Lower preload forces greater than 50 % of nominal preload force FV are permitted if these
are taken into account in design calculations and are explicitly stated in execution specification documents.
Higher preload forces than nominal preload force FV shall not be used in design calculations.
(831) Before commencing preloading, all the bolts in one and the same bolt group shall be pre-tightened in
accordance with 8.5. Bolted joints shall not be exposed to weathering for a lengthy period before being finally
tightened. They shall be tightened progressively, starting from the middle of each bolt group and finishing at
the outermost bolts.
(832) If preloading is effected by turning, one of the methods described in 8.6.2 to 8.6.5 shall be used. If
other methods or dimensions given in Tables 5 and 6 are to be used, the settings shall be determined by
procedure tests.
(833) If preloading is carried out by turning as listed in Tables 5 and 6, this shall be done by turning the nuts.
The values stated in Tables 5 and 6 only apply if this rule is adhered to.
If the joint is preloaded by turning the bolt head, another means of ensuring that the design preload force is
achieved shall be used (e.g. by carrying out procedure qualification tests with appropriate lubrication of the
washers under the bolt head side or of the contact surface of the bolt head).
(834) If a preloaded bolt assembly is subsequently unscrewed, it shall be replaced with a new bolt assembly.
If it can be proved that the bolts in bolt assemblies that have been preloaded by a method described in 8.6.2
or 8.6.3 have not been permanently damaged by previous preloading, they may be preloaded again provided
that a new, lubricated nut made by the same manufacturer is used.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 5 — Preload forces and tightening torques to be applied using the torque control method and
the impact turn method for bolt assemblies of property class 8.8 as in line 5 of Table 1
1 2 3 4 5
Torque control method Impact turn method
Tightening torque MA required in Preload force FV,DI to which device
Nominal
order to achieve the nominal is to be set in order to achieve the
preload
Bolt preload force FV nominal preload force FV
force
size Nm kN
FV
Surface condition
kN
Hot-dip galvanized As received and
a As in column 3
and lubricated lightly lubricated
1 M12 35 70 40
2 M16 70 170 80
3 M20 110 300 120
4 M22 130 450 Procedure 145
qualification test
5 M24 150 600 required 165
6 M27 200 900 220
7 M30 245 1 200 270
8 M36 355 2 100 390
a
Nuts treated with molybdenum disulphide or equivalent lubrication
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 6 — Preload forces and tightening torques to be applied using the torque control method, the
impact turn method, angle torquing (turn of nut) method and combined preloading methods for bolt
assemblies of property class 10.9 as in lines 6 and 7 of Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Angle
Combined
Torque control Impact turn torquing
preloading
method method (turn of nut)
method
method
Nominal Tightening Preload force FV,DI
preload torque MA to which device is Preliminary Preliminary
Bolt size force required in order to be set in order tightening tightening
FV to achieve the to achieve the torque torque
kN nominal preload nominal preload MVA,DW MVA,KV
force FV force FV Nm Nm
Nm kN
a
Surface condition: hot-dip galvanized and lubricated and in “as
received and lubricated” condition a
1 M12 50 100 60 10 75
2 M16 100 250 110 50 190
3 M20 160 450 175 50 340
4 M22 190 650 210 100 490
5 M24 220 800 240 100 600
6 M27 290 1 250 320 200 940
7 M30 350 1 650 390 200 1 240
8 M36 510 2 800 560 200 2 100
a
Nuts treated with molybdenum disulphide or equivalent lubrication
NOTE High-strength (HV) bolt and nut assemblies of k class K1 as specified in DIN EN 14399-4, DIN EN 14399-6 and
DIN EN 14399-8 shall be tightened to a uniform tightening torque as listed in column 3 of Table 6, irrespective of the
surface condition.
If still in stock, high-strength bolt and nut assemblies in an “as received and lightly lubricated” condition conforming to the
no-longer valid standards DIN 6914 to DIN 6916 and DIN 7999 shall still be tightened to the torques listed in Table 6 of
DIN 18800-7:2002-09.
If the design of a structure specifies the use of high-strength bolt and nut assemblies in accordance with DIN 6914 to
DIN 6916 and DIN 7999, then these may be replaced in the entire structure or in sections of the structure by complete
high-strength assemblies of k class K1 as in DIN EN 14399-4, DIN EN 14399-6 and DIN EN 14399-8 and with the same
surface condition.
Where hot-dip galvanized high-strength assemblies of k class K1 as in DIN EN 14399-4, DIN EN 14399-6 and
DIN EN 14399-8 are to be used, it is also permissible to replace individual elements of such assemblies by matching
elements of high-strength bolt and nut assemblies in accordance with the no-longer valid standards DIN 6914 to DIN 6916
and DIN 7999, provided that these elements have been supplied by the same manufacturer.
8.6.2 Torque control method
(835) The joints shall be preloaded with the aid of a tool having a torque control mechanism with a
measurement error of less than 5 %. The measuring accuracy of all such tools shall be regularly checked as
specified by the tool manufacturer. If the joint is to be preloaded to the nominal preload force as listed in
column 2 of Table 5 or Table 6, then the torques listed in column 3 of Table 5 or Table 6, respectively, shall be
applied. If the design preload force is lower than the nominal preload force (see item 829) the tightening
torques shall be reduced proportionally.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
NOTE This procedure permits step-wise preloading of joints made with a large number of bolts, as well as subsequent
re-tightening in order to check the bolts or compensate for loss of preload a few days after the joint was first made.
8.6.3 Impact turn method
(836) The joints shall be preloaded using an adjustable impact wrench set to the respective torque and with a
measuring error of less than 5 %. The accuracy of all such tools shall be checked regularly as specified in the
manufacturer’s specifications. To achieve the nominal preload force as listed in column 2 of Table 5 or Table
6, the preload value of the wrench shall be set to the 10 % higher value as listed in column 5 of Table 5 or
column 4 of Table 6. If the design preload force is lower than the nominal preload force the settings for the
preload force shall be reduced proportionally.
8.6.4 Angle torquing (turn of nut) method
(837) In order to use the angle torquing (turn of nut) preloading method, the two structural elements which
are being joined shall already be in planar contact over a large area around the joint.
(838) Before each nut and bolt assembly is finally tightened, it shall be tightened to the preliminary torque
MVA, DW as listed in column 5 of Table 6 using one of the methods described in 8.6.2 or 8.6.3. Following this,
the position of the nut relative to the bolt shank and component shall be clearly and permanently marked (at
least up to such time as the joint is inspected in accordance with 12.2.2) in such a way that the angle by which
the nut is turned relative to the bolt in the following step can be easily determined. If necessary, the element
that is not to be rotated shall be held by suitable means.
(839) The preload is achieved by rotating the element by an additional angle. This angle shall be chosen to
ensure that at least the nominal preload force as listed in column 2 of Table 6 is achieved. Use of this method
to achieve design preload forces lower than the nominal preload forces is not permitted.
(840) The required further rotation angle to be applied beyond the preliminary torque condition shall be
determined by procedure qualification tests on an original bolted joint (e.g. by measuring the bolt elongation).
NOTE Double the further rotation angle values as listed in Table 7 may be used as appropriate starting values for
procedure qualification tests.
(841) If the preliminary tightening torque as specified in column 5 of Table 6 does not create sufficiently
large planar contact surfaces between the components being joined, but angle torquing is to be applied all the
same, the combined preloading method shall be used.
8.6.5 Combined preloading method
(842) Before each nut and bolt assembly is finally tightened, it shall be tightened to the increased preliminary
torque MVA, KV as listed in column 6 of Table 6 using one of the methods described in 8.6.2 or 8.6.3. After this,
the position of the nut relative to the bolt shank and the component shall be clearly and permanently marked
(at least up to such time as the joint is inspected in accordance with 12.2.2) in such a way that the angle by
which the nut is turned relative to the bolt in the following step can be easily determined. If necessary, the
element that is not to be rotated shall be held by suitable means.
(843) If an adequate planar contact surface area can be achieved using the increased preliminary torque, the
nominal preload forces given in column 2 of Table 6 may be finally achieved by turning the nut by the
corresponding further rotation angle ϑ or the further rotation factor V given in Table 7. Use of this method to
achieve design preload forces lower than the nominal preload forces is not permitted.
(844) If the increased preliminary tightening torque does not create sufficiently large planar contact surfaces
between the components being joined and it is therefore doubtful whether the required preload force has been
achieved, then the additional nut rotation angle shall be determined by procedure qualification tests on the
original bolted joint (e.g. by measuring bolt elongation).
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 7 — Further rotation angle ϑ or rotation factor V for the combined preloading method for bolt
and nut assemblies of property class 10.9 as in lines 6 and 7 of Table 1
1 2 3
Total nominal thickness Σ t of all

the elements to be connected
Further rotation angle ϑ Further rotation factor V
(including all liner plates and
shims)
1 Σt<2d 45 1/8
2 2d≤Σt<6d 60 1/6
3 6 d ≤ Σ t < 10 d 90 1/4
4 10 d < Σ t no recommendation no recommendation
8.7 Riveting
(845) Components to be connected shall be drawn together so that they achieve a large planar contact
area and are held together during riveting.
NOTE 1 In connections requiring multiple rivets, a temporary bolt fastener in at least every fourth hole can be used to
hold the components together.
(846) Each rivet shall be heated uniformly along its entire length. The rivets shall be virtually free of scale
and be at a consistent bright red heat when inserted. The entire length of the rivets shall be swaged while
still hot, so that they fit tightly into the hole. Special care shall be taken when heating and driving in long
rivets.
NOTE 2 Scale is removed by striking the hot rivet on a hard surface before inserting it into the hole.
(847) Wherever practicable, riveting shall be carried out using steady-pressure machines. The driving
pressure shall be maintained on the rivets for a short time after the rivets have been completely swaged.
9 Erection
9.1 Erection method statement
(901) Erection requirements shall be documented in an erection method statement in accordance with the
execution specification documents and occupational health and safety regulations.
9.2 Structural bearings
(902) When transporting, storing and installing structural bearings, the provisions of DIN EN 1337-11 shall be
observed.
(903) Erection shall not be started until the position and elevation of the structural bearings have been
documented in the course of an acceptance survey, or acceptance tests in accordance with approved
execution specification documents have been carried out.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
9.3 Erection work
9.3.1 General
(904) The approved and released erection documents are authoritative for alignment and survey of steel
structures (see 3.4). On-site surveying of the works shall be based on a reference system that has been
determined for setting out and surveying of the respective steel structure. The reference temperature shall be
documented.
9.3.2 Marking
(905) Components shall be delivered to the construction site with clear (unambiguous) markings.
The intended position in the finished structure shall also be marked on each component if this is not clear from
its shape.
9.3.3 Handling and storage on site
(906) Structural steel components, fasteners and small parts shall be transported and stored at the
construction site in such a way that properties guaranteed by the manufacturer are not changed.
9.3.4 Alignment
(907) Shims and other parts used underneath base plates shall be flat and of adequate dimensions, strength
and hardness.
Shims and liner plates may be used to compensate for gaps between components which are to be joined.
Shims and liner plates shall be secured if there is a risk of their coming loose.
Shims for permanent use shall be at least of the same strength as the connected bearing structure. They shall
be positioned in such a way that they are fully covered with a 25 mm thick grouting, unless otherwise stated in
the execution specification documents.
(908) Grouting work shall be carried out as specified in the valid grout and concrete regulations.
10 Corrosion protection
10.1 General
(1001) The requirements specified in DIN 18800-1 and subject-specific standards are to be observed. The
following regulations apply for corrosion protection:
a) weather resistant steels: DASt-Richtlinie 007;

b) coatings: DIN EN ISO 12944-1 to DIN EN ISO 12944-8 and DIN 55928-9. Protective treatment as
specified in DIN 55928-8 shall be used on thin-walled components (see DASt-Richtlinie 016);
c) hot-dip galvanizing of components and structures: DIN EN ISO 1461 and DIN EN ISO 14713;
d) hot-dip galvanizing of fasteners: DIN EN ISO 10684;
e) thermal spraying: DIN EN ISO 2063.
Protective treatment shall be unambiguously stated in project execution specifications, depending on the
protection period and corrosive burden. Guidance on specifying coatings and coating systems is given in
DIN EN ISO 12944-5 and DIN EN ISO 12944-8.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Standards DIN EN ISO 12944-3, DIN EN ISO 1461 and DIN EN ISO 14713 apply to corrosion-protection-
compatible design.
10.2 Surface preparation
(1002) Surfaces shall be prepared as described in DIN EN ISO 12944-4 while taking the selected coating or
coating system as specified in DIN EN ISO 12944-5 into consideration and observing the instructions given in
the coating manufacturer’s technical data sheets. Hot-dip galvanized coatings are specified in
DIN EN ISO 1461 and DIN EN ISO 14713. DIN EN ISO 2063 applies to thermal spraying processes.
(1003) Residues of oil, silicone and lubricating grease which were used as auxiliary materials during steel
fabrication shall be completely removed.
NOTE Inevitable changes in the surface of the steel (hardening, chemical composition, edges) caused by thermal cutting
can have a negative effect on the adhesion of sprayed metal coatings and may result in inhomogeneous hot-dip
galvanized coatings.
10.3 Shop primers
(1004) The manufacturer shall be able to provide test reports on pore formation tendencies as in
DIN EN ISO 17652-2 and on gas detection tests when welding over the coating (MAC values), showing that
the approval criteria specified in the rules of the Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbau (DASt-Richtlinie 006) have
been met.
NOTE Instructions for shop primers (pre-fabrication primers) are given in Tables B.1 and B.2 of
DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07.
10.4 Coatings
(1005) DIN EN ISO 12944-5 and DIN EN ISO 12944-7 apply for coating processes, in conjunction with the
manufacturer’s instructions for coating substances as listed in the relevant technical information.
(1006) Different coating systems shall be combined correctly. The same applies for for shop primers.
(1007) Thermal spraying shall be carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2063 and DIN EN ISO 14713.
For direct application of coatings on metal sprayed surfaces, only coatings suitable for such applications shall
be used (see Table A.10 of DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07 and the coating manufacturers’ technical data
sheets).
(1008) When applying coatings to hot-dip galvanized surfaces, their adhesion shall be ensured.
NOTE 1 This can be ensured by using coating substances with proven adhesion to clean zinc surfaces or by sweep-
blasting the surfaces to be coated.
(1009) Gaps between steel and concrete shall be appropriately protected.
NOTE 2 While the main surface of a steel structure is adequately protected by the concrete adhering to it and therefore
needs no further protective treatment, there is a higher risk of corrosion in gap areas due to a specific corrosion
mechanism in such gaps: if moisture penetrates into the cracks, differences in oxygen concentrations due to air pockets
accelerate corrosion processes. Gap regions can be protected to a depth of 5 cm into the contact surface gaps by means
of coatings or coating systems resistant to swelling and saponification (e.g. epoxy-resin-based coatings) and which are
suited to the potential causes of the corrosion.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(1010) Areas and surfaces which cannot be reached after assembly shall be protected with a coating system
prior to assembly. If surfaces between two steel elements or between steel and another material are to remain
unprotected, gaps shall be protected (sealed) against moisture intrusion.
(1011) Hermetically closed spaces (e.g. tubes, pipes or hollow sections) need no internal protective
treatment.
NOTE 3 Inspection holes with seal plugs should be made at the lowest point of such spaces (danger of condensation).
NOTE 4 Hermetically closed spaces which are accessible or can be reached into via sealed doors or covers (manholes,
hand-holes) do not generally need internal corrosion protection or require at the most a basic protective coating.
10.5 Protective treatment of fasteners
(1012) Corrosion-protective coatings on fasteners shall have the same effect as corrosion protection
coatings on the components being joined.
NOTE Electrolytic zinc plating of fasteners is only adequate as corrosion protection in dry indoor spaces (corrosivity
category C1 as specified in DIN EN ISO 12944-2).
(1013) Fasteners used with hot-dip galvanized structural elements shall also be hot-dip galvanized as
specified in DIN EN ISO 10684.
NOTE Use of hot-dip galvanized fasteners is also recommended for coated steel structures.
(1014) No corrosion protection shall be applied to rivets that are to be set in a heated state.
11 Geometric tolerances
11.1 General
(1101) Tolerances for erected steel structures are to be specified in such a way that they do not impair the
function and/or fitness of the final structure for the intended purpose. If stricter tolerances are to be specified
for special reasons, this shall be explicitly stated in the execution specification documents.
The tolerances to be met shall conform to DIN 18800-1 to DIN 18800-5 and the specific standards applicable
for the respective fields. Corresponding values shall be taken from the execution specification documents. If
no tolerances are specified for the project, those stated in DIN 18202 shall apply to the completed structure.
(1102) If acceptance tests have been specified, the completed structure shall be subjected to these tests.
The results of the acceptance tests shall be documented.
11.2 Fabrication tolerances
(1103) If no tolerance class is stated in the execution specification documents for welded components and
other components, the classes defined in DIN EN ISO 13920 shall apply as follows:
a) tolerance class C for linear and angular dimensions;

b) tolerance class G for straightness, flatness, and parallelism.
(1104) The accidental eccentricity of the main axes of the end cross-sections at a column joint shall be
limited to 1 % of the larger of the two section dimensions. For section dimensions < 500 mm the maximum
eccentricty shall be 5 mm.
35
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(1105) The gap between the end faces at contact joints shall not exceed 1 mm at any position and shall be
less than 0,5 mm for at least 2/3 of the nominal contact area.
Verification of a means of securing the position of the parts joined by contact relative to another and
verification that local instabilities are excluded or do not present a risk shall be provided in accordance with
item 837 of DIN 18800-1:2008-11. If the relative position of a section is secured by welds, the gap between
the section and the (top) end flange may be up to 0,5 mm. If the position is secured by double fillet welds this
gap may be up to 2,0 mm wide if the steel involved is of strength class S355 and corresponding verification is
provided in accordance with DIN 18800-1.
NOTE 1 Contact splices in columns with flange splice plates are dealt with in [1].
NOTE 2 Local instabilities are particularly likely in thin-walled components.
11.3 Erection tolerances
(1106) The position of the defined system axes and the base level at the lower ends of steel columns shall
be specified in the construction documents.
(1107) The position of the centre-point of a group of anchor bolts shall not deviate from the specified position
by more than ± 6 mm.
(1108) The permissible tolerances for positioning anchor bolts and other structural bearings are shown in
Figure 1. The permissible deviations from the required position in the anchor bolt hole are:
Δx, Δy = ± 10 mm and
Δz = +25 mm (towards the outer side) and –5 mm (inwards).
The part of the anchor bolt extending above the foundation surface shall not deviate from the specified
direction by more than 3°.
Figure 1 — Permissible deviations for anchor bolts with position adjustment options
12 Inspection and testing
12.1 General
(1201) Steel structures shall be subjected to appropriate tests and inspections to prove that they conform to
the requirements of this standard. Tests shall be carried out as specified in 12.2 and execution specification
documents, and the results are to be documented.
36
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
12.2 Fabrication, assembly and erection
12.2.1 Welding
(1202) Weld seams shall be tested by the methods and to the extent stated in the execution specification
documents. If necessary, a test plan shall be compiled. For weld seams which are not intendend to be
subjected to non-destructive testing, a visual inspection of the exterior quality is adequate.
(1203) Every seam shall be inspected visually after welding. These visual inspections and all corrective
measures called for by the visual inspections shall be completed before subsequent work makes the respective
seam inaccessible or the seam is subjected to supplementary non-destructive testing.
(1204) Unless the drawings specify other imperfection tolerances, the permitted limits for accepted
imperfections of fusion weld seams made in components that are to be subjected to predominately static
loads shall conform to quality level C as specified in DIN EN ISO 5817.
Imperfection number 1.12 “Incorrect weld toe” is exempted from this provision, and has been deleted
altogether. The maximum limit of imperfection number 1.7 “Continuous undercut/Intermittent undercut” is
1,0 mm. Quality level D shall be applied to imperfection numbers 1.4 “End crater pipe”, 1.13 “Filler material
overlap” and 1.22 “Stray arc”.
Limits for imperfection 1.6 “Incomplete root penetration” and 2.13 “Lack of penetration” shall be applied if the
drawings do not explicitly state that poor penetration is acceptable.
Imperfection 3.2 “Incorrect root gap for fillet welds” as in DIN EN ISO 5817 is only acceptable if the fillet weld
thickness specified in the execution specification documents is achieved in spite of the existing gap. Welding
over the fillet to increase the fillet seam thickness in order to achieve the required fillet weld thickness is
permitted.
Inspections for micro-cracking and micro lack of fusion are not necessary.
The permitted imperfections in welds made by processes 21, 22, 23, 24 and 42 shall be taken from the
welding procedure qualification report, cf. item 701.
Where a laser welding process is used, the imperfection tolerance limits permitted for quality level B as in
DIN EN ISO 13919-1 shall generally apply, unless the construction drawings explicitly state other permitted
imperfection limits.
(1205) If fusion welding processes are used for components not subjected to predominately static loads, the
permitted imperfection limits for quality level B as in DIN EN ISO 5817 shall be met.
Imperfection number 1.12 “Incorrect weld toe" is exempted from this provision and has been deleted
altogether.
Also exempted from this provision are imperfection numbers 1.8 “Shrinkage groove” and 1.17 “Root
concavity”, both of which are not permitted.
Imperfection 3.2 “Incorrect root gap for fillet welds” as in DIN EN ISO 5817 is only permitted if the fillet weld
thickness specified in the execution specification documents is achieved in spite of the existing gap. Welding
over the fillet to increase the fillet seam thickness in order to achieve the required fillet weld thickness is
permitted.
Sharp transitions remaining where permitted “Linear misalignments” (imperfection 3.1) have occurred shall be
smoothed over.
Welding spatter and stray arc/ignition points shall be removed on all accounts.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Permitted wormholes shall have no connection to the weld seam surfaces (root and capping run).
Inspections for micro-cracking and micro lack of fusion are not necessary.
The permitted imperfections in welds made by processes 21, 22, 23, 24 and 42 shall be taken from the
welding procedure qualification report, cf. item 701.
(1206) In addition to inspection for surface imperfections as in DIN EN ISO 5817, the following test steps
shall be carried out:
a) check that all weld seams have been made and that they are in the correct position;
b) inspection of surface quality and shape of the welds;
c) verification of the weld dimensions (seam thickness/length).
(1207) Weld seams are deemed to have achieved quality grade according to Table 21 of DIN 18800-1:2008-
11 if 10 % of all weld seams are tested by radiographic or ultrasonic methods and the results conform to item
1204 or 1205. These tests shall be applied to the work of each welder in equal measure.
(1208) If weld imperfections exceeding the permitted limits are detected in the course of random-sample
inspections, the extent of testing and inspections shall be increased.
NOTE 1 Normally double the length of the inspected or tested seam which does not conform to specifications shall be
inspected/tested in addition to the actual non-conforming seam length. Statistical methods may be applied in series
production tests.
(1209) If visual findings are unacceptable, reworking of welds is required and additional non-destructive tests
may be necessary, taking due consideration of the existing weld stresses.
NOTE 2 In addition to visual inspection as specified in DIN EN 970, the following tests are permitted to examine surface
cracking:
a) penetration testing in accordance with DIN EN 1289;

b) magnetic particle testing in accordance with DIN EN 1290 und DIN EN 1291.
NOTE 3 If the weld quality is to be verified (see item 1207) owing to doubts about the correct execution of welds or the
weld stress limits on which dimension calculations were based, the following test methods may be used:
a) radiographic testing in accordance with DIN EN 1435;

b) ultrasonic testing according in accordance with DIN EN 1712 to DIN EN 1714.
(1210) Test class B as in DIN EN 1435 shall be achieved if radiographic tests are used. If gamma ray testing
is necessary due to the plate thickness or inaccessibility of the welds and it is not to be expected that test
class B will be achieved, other inspections methods such as ultrasonic testing shall be used.
(1211) Test class B as in DIN EN 1714 is required for ultrasonic testing.
(1212) Results of magnetic particle tests shall meet acceptance level 1 as in DIN EN 1291.
(1213) Results of penetration tests shall meet acceptance level 1 as in DIN EN 1289.
(1214) Defects such as cracks and other unpermitted imperfections detected by interim inspections shall not
be welded over; they shall always be removed before the next run is welded.
(1215) If systematic imperfections (imperfections that are repeated at regular intervals) are found, these shall
be evaluated separately. Corrective action shall be taken to prevent their occurrence.
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
(1216) Reworked components shall meet the originally specified requirements.
(1217) For stud welds, the requirements specified in DIN EN ISO 14555 with regard to internal and external
imperfections shall be met.
(1218) Final tests with quality relevance shall be carried out by suitably qualified persons who meet the
relevant requirements in DIN EN 473.
NOTE 4 Testing can be supervised either by the welding co-ordination personnel or by a separate (internal or external)
inspection authority.
Requirements to be met by coordinators are described in:
a) DVS-IIW/EWF 1178, Level III (European Welding Specialist),

b) DVS-IIW/EWF 1178, Level II (European Welding Technologist),
c) DVS-IIW/EWF 1178, Level I (European Welding Engineer).
(1219) Documentation of inspection results shall include information about the inspection and/or test method
and information on the inspected welds.
12.2.2 Preloaded bolted joints
(1220) The contact surfaces of friction grip and friction grip fit connections shall be inspected for conformity
to the requirements specified in 8.4 immediately before assembly.
(1221) In connections that are not subjected to predominately static loads, at least 10 % of the bolt and nut
assemblies, and in joints that are subjected to predominately static loads at least 5 % of the bolt and nut
assemblies shall be inspected (in connections made with less than 20 such assemblies, at least two or one
bolt and nut assemblies, respectively, shall be inspected).
(1222) The assembly shall be tested with reference to the marking (i.e. the position of the nut relative to the
bolt shank) on the side on which it was tightened. The test device shall correspond to the tightening device.
Bolts which were tightened manually or mechanically (with a torque wrench) shall be tested with a torque
wrench, if necessary with an adjustable starting torque. Bolts which were tightened with an adjustable impact
torque wrench are to be tested with a corresponding device. If necessary, the element which is not being
turned shall be held in place to prevent it rotating.
Table 8 — Preload testing for nominal preload forces
Further rotation angle Evaluation Corrective action required

< 30° Adequate preload None
Retain assembly and test two adjacent bolts in the same
30° to 60° Fairly adequate preload
bolt group of the respective joint
a
Replace assembly and test two adjacent bolts in the
> 60° Inadequate preload same bolt group of the respective joint
a These tested fasteners may only be permitted to remain in the structure if they are part of SLV or SLVP joints subjected to
predominately static loads and without additional tensile loads.
(1223) If the testing device is to be a torque wrench, then the tightening moment according to 8.6.2 shall be
increased by 10 %.
If the testing device is to be an adjustable impact torque wrench, then the preload force FV,Dl according to
column 5 of Table 5 or Table 6 shall be used.
39
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
If a manual torque wrench, automatic torque wrench or an adjustable impact torque wrench is used, then
Table 8 shall be taken into account, depending on the particular further angle of rotation until the machine
stops or goes no further during testing.
(1224) If reliable testing of connections is not possible after assembly (e.g. using preloading methods other
than described in 8.6.2 to 8.6.5), at least 10 % of the bolt assemblies of one bolt group shall be inspected
during assembly. If deviations from the procedure test specification are found, then the complete bolt group
shall be inspected again after corrective measures.
12.2.3 Riveted connections
(1225) Installed rivets shall be visually inspected for cracks, cavities, tight seating and eccentric and/or badly
formed heads. Only cracks within acceptance limits in accordance with DIN 101 are permitted.
NOTE To test whether a rivet is securely seated, it shall be tapped with a rivet testing hammer. When struck, the rivet
shall not move.
(1226) All rivets that are loose, have eccentric heads, are badly formed or are otherwise defective shall be cut
out and replaced.
12.2.4 Corrosion protection treatment
(1227) Surfaces that have been prepared for treatment shall be evaluated as follows:
a) for coatings: as specified in DIN EN ISO 12944-4;

b) upon delivery of components to the galvanizing shop for hot-dip galvanizing (steel surface requirements):
as specified in DIN EN ISO 1461;
c) for metal spraying: also as specified in DIN EN ISO 12944-4, but in conjunction with DIN EN ISO 2063.
Execution and quality of coatings and coating systems shall be tested in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 12944-7 and documented in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12944-8.
Thickness tests for coatings and coating systems shall be carried out in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07, 5.4 and DIN EN ISO 12944-7:1998-07, clause 6. Zinc coating thickness shall be
determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1461.
Similarly, sprayed metal coating thickness shall be determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12944-5 and
DIN EN ISO 12944-7.
13 Constructor’s qualification
13.1 General
(1301) Companies constructing steel structures shall have suitably qualified employees and suitable
fabrication facilities.
13.2 Internal (factory) production control
(1302) Companies involved in the fabrication of steel structures, their protective treatment or their erection
shall have internal (factory) production control procedures in place which ensure that steel structures or
components are executed in accordance with this standard.
40
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
13.3 Internal (factory) production control measures
(1303) As part of the internal (factory) production control of the fabrication, assembly and erection of steel
structures, the following measures shall be taken, for example.
a) The construction shall be checked for feasibility and for conformity to execution requirements.
b) If work is subcontracted, subcontractors shall be checked to verify that they are suitably qualified.
c) Availability of required procedure qualification tests, procedure descriptions and work instructions shall be
checked.
d) Personnel (both production staff and coordinating staff) shall be checked to verify that they have the
required qualifications.
e) Fabrication facilities shall be checked for compliance with requirements and their suitability for fabricating
and assembling the designed components.
f) Where equipment requires calibration, adherence to the required calibration intervals shall be ensured.
g) Where traceability is to be proved or markings are required, adherence to the requirements shall be
ensured.
h) Compilation of all required reports and retention of these in accordance with instructions shall be ensured.
i) Adherence to planned facility and equipment maintenance schedules shall be checked.
j) All construction products used shall be checked for the required certificates and/or proof of qualification.
k) It shall be checked that construction products are stored in compliance with requirements and that stored
materials can be traced to the corresponding material approval certificates.
l) Achievement of the required execution quality shall be verified. Where necessary, test results shall be
documented.
m) If the required quality is not achieved, appropriate corrective measures shall be taken. Causes of recurring
systematic nonconformities shall be eliminated. If reworking is carried out after the conclusion of planned
fabrication, it shall be ensured that the required quality is still achieved.
n) It shall be ensured that project execution specifications for tightening preloaded bolt assemblies have
been compiled and that conformity to these is achieved and documented.
o) It shall be ensured that the required measures for corrosion protection treatment according to
DIN EN ISO 12944-1 to DIN EN ISO 12944-8 are observed and documented.
13.4 Requirements on welding contractors and subcontractors (welding businesses)
13.4.1 General
(1304) In the course of company inspection to verify conformity to requirements conducted by an approved
body, the fabrication and/or erection company shall provide proof that it meets the respective applicable
requirements specified in DIN EN ISO 3834-2 to DIN EN ISO 3834-4 and that it has employed sufficiently
qualified welding personnel.
13.4.2 Welders and operators
(1305) Welders and operators working on the project shall be in possession of a valid qualification (test)
certificate in accordance with DIN EN 287-1 or DIN EN 1418, respectively. The examination shall include the
welder’s and operator’s tasks in fabrication and erection work as well as a theory test.
41
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Welders required to make fillet welds in fabrication operations shall also produce a test piece having a fillet
weld as described in DIN EN 287-1 during the examination and shall be in possession of a corresponding
certificate.
13.4.3 Welding coordinators
(1306) Welding coordinators shall be permanent employees of the welding business, shall be suitably
qualified, experienced in steel construction work and familiar with the welding work they are to coordinate. The
qualification level and technical knowledge required of welding coordinators depend on the materials being
processed, the material thickness and classification of the components being fabricated (see Table 14).
(1307) If more than one welding coordinator is appointed in a business, the tasks and responsibilities of each
welding coordinator shall be documented in an organigram in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14731.
(1308) Only welding coordinators with the same qualifications as are required for the coordinator with respect
to the fabrication of the components may substitute the welding coordinator and perform his duties without
restriction (see Table 14).
(1309) To ensure adequate coordination of welding work, one welding coordinator shall always be present
during the welding. When coordinating the ongoing work, the appointed coordinator(s) may be assisted by
specially trained welding experts employed by the same company and who have been found to be suitable for
this task. The welding coordinators are responsible for choosing such welders.
(1310) At the time of the company inspection, welding coordinators shall provide proof that they are capable
of fulfilling their duties and are able to recognize and evaluate nonconformities and imperfections. Welding
coordinators who intend to test welders or equipment operators in their company shall provide proof that they
are qualified to do so. The authorization to conduct welders’ or operators’ examinations shall be recorded in
an annex to the certificate.
Welding coordinators who have successfully passed the checks within the framework of a company inspection
and have proved that they are able to carry out qualification testing in accordance with DIN EN 287-1 and
operators in accordance with DIN EN 1418 are approved to test the welders and operators employed by their
company. The welding coordinators are responsible for confirming proper deployment of welders or operators
for work of classes B to E.
13.4.4 Production facilities

(1311) The welding business shall have all production facilities required for weld preparation, welding, testing
and transport of the products it intends to fabricate and erect. These facilities shall be capable of meeting the
welding production and erection work conditions specified in the welding procedure specification (see
Table 3A). A description of the main facilities in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3834-2 and DIN EN ISO 3834-3
shall be provided.
13.4.5 Certification
(1312) Provided that the business meets the requirements specified in the present standard, a building-
inspectorate approved body shall issue a welding work certificate in accordance with DVS 1704. This
certificate confirms that the company is qualified to weld steel structures of the corresponding class as
specified in 13.5 and states the materials and processes for which the certificate has been awarded.
Certificates for class E (i.e. for welding components to be subjected to dynamic loads) shall be awarded for
special applications defined in specific technical rules.
If the welding business has the approval to perform over-welding of shop primers as specified in 10.3, this
shall be stated separately in the certificate.
The certificate is valid for a maximum of three years. If the requirements listed in Table 14 are not fully met,
but no major nonconformities have been detected, the approved body is permitted to issue a certificate with a
42
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
shorter validity period in order to give the company the opportunity to eliminate all nonconformities quickly.
Before the validity of a certificate can be extended, a new company inspection (repeat inspection) is required.
If the company ceases to meet requirements which it met at the time of the company inspection, or only partly
meets these requirements (e.g. due to resignation of a coordinator or major changes to facilities), the
approved body shall be informed. The approved body shall then check whether the company still meets the
requirements for certification. If a company’s certification is withdrawn, it is no longer permitted to produce
components of the class for which the certificate had been issued.
13.5 Classification of welded components
(1313) Welded steel structures are divided into classes A to E, depending on the welding requirements and
the intended application. The range of application and the requirements of each class are listed in the
following Tables 9 to 13 and Table 14.
Table 9 — Class A
Range of application Requirements
Materials: unalloyed structural steels up to strength Qualified welders with a valid welder’s certificate in
class S275 accordance with DIN EN 287-1 shall carry out the
work.
Product thickness ≤ 16 mm; ≤ 30 mm if top and
bottom end flanges are to be welded The examinations to be passed by the welders shall
cover the entire range of tasks to be performed.
Welding processes: manual and partly mechanical,
not for over-welding of shop primers Elementary quality requirements as specified in
DIN EN ISO 3834-4
Components (with predominately static loads) with
simple or minor welds, such as
― columns with top and bottom end flanges made

of rolled sections and without joints or fixity
― stairs of up to a length of 5 m (measured along

walking line) in residential buildings
― hand-rails with horizontal load ≤ 0,5 kN/m at the

top of the railing
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DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 10 — Class B

Materials: unalloyed structural steels up to strength Qualified welders with a valid welder’s certificate in
class S275 accordance with DIN EN 287-1 shall carry out the
work. The examinations to be passed by the welders
Product thickness ≤ 22 mm; ≤ 30 mm if face flanges,
and top or bottom end flanges are to be welded shall cover the entire range of tasks to be performed.
Welding processes: manual and partly mechanical, Welders expected to weld pipe and tube nodes
not for over-welding of shop primers (circular cross-section to circular cross-section) shall
pass the supplementary examination as specified in
All components of class A as well as the following, if DIN 18808.
subjected to predominately static loads
A sheet-metal welder’s certificate is sufficient for
⎯ solid-web and lattice girders with a span of up to persons welding rectangular hollow sections.
20 m and columns of hinged or frame structures
The company shall appoint as welding coordinator at
for single-storey buildings
least one permanently employed coordinator who
⎯ pylons and supporting structures with heights up has basic technical knowledge as specified in
to 20 m DVS-IIW/EWF 1171 or has had equivalent training.
⎯ steel chimneys within dimension class II as Standard quality requirements as specified in
specified in DIN V 4133 DIN EN ISO 3834-3
⎯ tanks and silos with plate thicknesses ≤ 8 mm
⎯ stairs, gangways, platforms capable of
2
withstanding imposed loads ≤ 5 kN/m
⎯ hand-rails with horizontal load > 0,5 kN/m at the
top of the railing
⎯ scaffolding
⎯ other components of similar types and
dimensions
44
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 11 — Class C

Materials as in class B, but up to strength class Qualified welders/operators with a valid
a
S355 as well as stainless and weather-resistant welder’s/operator’s certificate in accordance with
steels and cast steel grades of up to strength class DIN EN 287-1/DIN EN 1418 shall carry out the work.
S275 The examinations to be passed by the
welders/operators shall cover the entire range of
Product thickness ≤ 30 mm in loadbearing cross-
tasks to be performed. Persons expected to weld
sections, ≤ 40 mm if face flanges, head and foot
pipe and tube nodes (circular cross-section to circular
flanges are to be welded
cross-section) shall pass the supplementary
Welding processes: manual, partly mechanical, fully examination as specified in DIN 18808. A sheet-metal
mechanical and automated methods (stud welding welder’s certificate is sufficient for persons welding
as specified in DIN EN ISO 14555) rectangular hollow sections.
All components as in class B, as well as The company shall appoint as welding coordinator at
least one permanently employed coordinator who has
⎯ with increased spans and heights of up to 30 m
special technical background knowledge as specified
⎯ collecting basins (spill basins) and in DVS-IIW/EWF 1172 or has had equivalent training.
⎯ production welding work on steel castings of all b
Where series production and production welding of
steel grades permitted in this standard steel castings is carried out and experience with such
can be proved, the work may be supervised by a
welding coordinator with basic technical knowledge
as specified in DVS-IIW/EWF 1171 or who has had
equivalent training.
Standard quality requirements as specified in
DIN EN ISO 3834-3
a Only for steel chimneys; for all other structural elements only in combination with a general technical approval by the building
inspectorate (“agrément”).
b Production is deemed to be series production when a manufacturer repeatedly fabricates similar components with precisely
specified structure designs, steel grade, welding processes and welded joints.
45
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 12 — Class D

Components to be subjected to predominately Qualified welders/operators with a valid
static loads welder’s/operator’s certificate in accordance with
DIN EN 287-1/DIN EN 1418 shall carry out the work.
All materials as specified in this standard
The scope of examinations to be passed by the
Product thicknesses as specified in the applicable welders/operators shall cover the entire range of tasks
regulations to be performed. Persons expected to weld pipework
nodes (circular cross-section to circular cross-section)
Welding processes: manual, partly mechanical,
shall pass the supplementary examination as specified
fully mechanical and automated methods (stud
in DIN 18808. A sheet-metal welder’s certificate is
welding as specified in DIN EN ISO 14555)
sufficient for persons welding rectangular hollow
All components to be subjected to predominately sections.
static loads and intended for structures designed in
The company shall appoint as welding coordinator at
accordance with basic standards for steel
least one permanently employed coordinator who has
structures and the respective special steel
comprehensive technical background knowledge as
construction standards
specified in DVS-IIW/EWF 1173 or has had equivalent
training.
a
Where series production is carried out and experience
with such can be proved, the work may be supervised
by a welding coordinator with special technical
knowledge as specified in DVS-IIW/EWF 1172 or who
has had equivalent training.
Standard quality requirements as specified in
DIN EN ISO 3834-3
a Production is deemed to be series production when a manufacturer repeatedly fabricates similar components with precisely
specified structure designs, steel grade, welding processes and welded joints.
46
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 13 — Class E

All materials as specified in this standard Qualified welders/operators with a valid
welder’s/operator’s certificate in accordance with
Product thicknesses as specified in the applicable
DIN EN 287-1/DIN EN 1418 shall carry out the work.
regulations
The scope of examinations to be passed by the
Welding processes: manual, partly mechanical, fully welders/operators shall cover the entire range of
mechanical and automated methods (stud welding tasks to be performed. Persons expected to weld
as specified in DIN EN ISO 14555) pipe and tube nodes (circular cross-section to
circular cross-section) shall pass the supplementary
All components of class D as well as components to
examination as specified in DIN 18808. A sheet-
be subjected to loads which are not predominately
metal welder’s certificate is sufficient for persons
static, in accordance with the following technical
welding rectangular hollow sections.
regulations:
⎯ Ril 804 railway bridges, in conjunction with The company shall appoint as welding coordinator at
DIN-Fachbericht 103 and DIN-Fachbericht 104 least one permanently employed coordinator who
has comprehensive technical knowledge as specified
⎯ Road bridges in accordance with
in DVS-IIW/EWF 1173 or has had equivalent training.
DIN-Fachbericht 103 and DIN-Fachbericht 104
⎯ DIN 4131 antenna mast structures requiring Comprehensive quality requirements as specified in
proof of capability to withstand operating loads DIN EN ISO 3834-2
⎯ DIN 4132 crane runways, loadbearing steel
structures
⎯ DIN V 4133 steel chimneys of dimension class I
⎯ DIN EN 13814 temporary structures, fairground
equipment requiring proof of capability to
withstand operating loads
⎯ other similar structures intended to withstand
dynamic loads
47
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table 14 — Constructor’s welding qualifications
1 Class A B C D E
Verification of Verification of Minor verification Minor verification Major verification Major verification
suitability suitability not of suitability of suitability with of suitability of suitability with
2 required extension extension to
components for
dynamic loads
Type of action Structures subjected to predominately static loads.. Structures
subjected to
loads which are
3
not
predominately
static
Range of application 9 10 11 12 13
4
as in Table:
Internal production Constructor shall be responsible for ensuring internal (factory) production control.
5
control
6 Facility requirements No verification Proof to be provided to an approved body
required.
Level of quality Elementary, Standard, DIN EN ISO 3834-3 Comprehensive,
requirement as in DIN EN ISO DIN EN ISO
7 DIN EN ISO 3834-2, 3834-4 3834-2
DIN EN ISO 3834-3,
DIN EN ISO 3834-4
8a Level of technical No particular Basic technical Special technical Comprehensive Comprehensive

knowledge of requirementsa knowledge knowledge technical technical
coordinators as in DVS-IIW/EWF DVS-IIW/EWF knowledge knowledge
DIN EN ISO 14731 1171b 1172c,d DVS-IIW/EWF DVS-IIW/EWF
1173e,f 1173f
a Certified welder in accordance with DIN EN 287-1 required.
b DVS-IIW/EWF 1171: European Welding Specialist or equivalent qualification.
c Provided that suitable experience can be proved, basic technical knowledge is adequate for supervising series production.
d DVS-IIW/EWF 1172: European Welding Technologist or equivalent qualification.
e Provided that suitable experience can be proved, special technical knowledge is adequate for supervising series production.
f DVS-IIW/EWF 1173: European Welding Engineer or equivalent qualification.
48
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Annex A
(informative)
Information relating to the standards referred to in clause 2
The following table lists the standards and technical rules cited in DIN 18800-7:2002-09 that were withdrawn
or replaced up to the issue of Amendment A1. The corresponding publication dates are also given, however
this is not in compliance with the rules laid down in DIN 820-2.
Table A.1 — List of withdrawn or replaced standards and technical rules to which reference is made
Serial
Status 2002-09 Status 2008-11
no.
1 DIN 267-10:1988-01 Withdrawn: 2004-11

Fasteners — Technical delivery conditions — Hot- Replaced by:
dip galvanized parts DIN EN ISO 10684:2004-11, Fasteners — Hot-dip
galvanized coatings (ISO 10684:2004)
2 DIN 976-1:1995-02 Withdrawn: 2002-12

Stud bolts — Part 1: Metric thread Replaced by:
DIN 976-1:2002-12,
Stud bolts — Part 1: Metric thread
3 DIN 977:1998-02 Withdrawn: 2004-01
Hexagon weld nuts with flange Replaced by:
DIN EN ISO 21670:2004-01,
Hexagon weld nuts with flange (ISO 21670:2003)
4 DIN 1055-3:1971-06 Withdrawn: 2002-10
Action on structures — Part 3: Self-weight and Replaced by
imposed load in building
DIN 1055-3:2006-03,
Action on structures — Part 3: Self-weight and imposed

load in building
5 DIN 4099:1985-11 Withdrawn: 2003-08
Welding of reinforcing steel — Execution of Replaced by:
welding work and testing
DIN EN ISO 17660-1:2006-12,
Welding — Welding of reinforcing steel — Part 1:
Loadbearing welded joints (ISO 17660-1:2006)
DIN EN ISO 17660-2:2006-12,
Welding — Welding of reinforcing steel — Part 2: Non
loadbearing welded joints (ISO 17660-2:2006)
49
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Table A.1 (continued)
Serial
no.
6 DIN 4112:1983-02 Withdrawn: 2006-05

Temporary structures — Code of practice for
design and construction Replaced by:
DIN EN 13782:2006-05,
Temporary structures — Tents — Safety
DIN EN 13814:2005-06,
Fairground and amusement park machinery and
structures — Safety
7 DIN 4133:1991-11 Withdrawn: 2007-07
Steel stacks
Replaced by:
DIN V 4133:2007-05,
Free-standing steel stacks
DIN EN 13084-1:2007-05,
Free-standing chimneys — Part 1: General requirements
8 DIN 4141-1:1984-09 Withdrawn: 2003-05
Structural bearings — General design rules Replaced by:
DIN V 4141-1:2003-05,
Structural bearings — Part 1: General design rules
DIN EN 1337-1:2001-02,

9 DIN 4141-2:1984-09 Partially replaced by:
Structural bearings — Bearing systems for civil DIN EN 1337-1:2001-02,
engineering structures forming part of traffic routes
(bridges) Structural bearings — Part 1: General design rules
10 DIN 4141-3:1984-09 Partially replaced by:

Structural bearings — Bearing systems for DIN EN 1337-1:2001-02,
buildings
11 E DIN 4141-12:1994-11 Withdrawn: 2003-06
Structural bearings — Sliding bearings Replaced by:
DIN EN 1337-2:2004-07, Structural bearings — Part 2:
Sliding elements
12 DIN 4141-14:1985-09 Withdrawn: 2005-07
Structural bearings — Laminated elastomeric Replaced by:
bearings — Design and construction
DIN EN 1337-3:2005-07,
Structural bearings — Part 3: Elastomeric bearings
50
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
13 DIN 4141-15:1991-01 Withdrawn: 2005-07

Structural bearings — Unreinforced elastomeric Replaced by:
bearings — Design and construction
DIN EN 1337-3:2005-07,
14 DIN 4141-140:1991-01 Withdrawn: 2005-07
Structural bearings — Laminated elastomeric Replaced by:
bearings — Building materials, requirements,
testing and inspection DIN EN 1337-3:2005-07,
15 DIN 4141-150:1991-01 Withdrawn: 2005-07
Structural bearings — Unreinforced elastomeric Replaced by:
bearings — Building materials, requirements,
testing and inspection DIN EN 1337-3:2005-07,
16 E DIN 4420-1:2002-09 Withdrawn: 2004-03
Service and working scaffolds — Part 1: Service Replaced by:
scaffolds — Performance requirements, general
design, structural design DIN 4420-1:2004-03,
Service and working scaffolds — Part 1: Service
scaffolds — Performance requirements, general design,
structural design
17 DIN 4420-4:1988-12 Withdrawn: 2004-03
Service and working scaffolds made of Replaced by:
prefabricated elements — Materials, dimensions,
design loads and safety requirements DIN EN 12810-1:2004-03,
Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components —
Part 1: Products specifications
DIN EN 12810-2:2004-03,
Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components —

Part 2: Particular methods of structural design
18 DIN 4421:1982-08 Withdrawn: 2004-09
Falsework — Calculation, design and construction Replaced by:
DIN EN 12812:2004-09,
Falsework — Performance requirements and general
design
19 DIN 6914:1989-10 Withdrawn: 2005-06
High-strength hexagon head bolts with large
widths across flats for structural steel bolting Replaced by:
DIN EN 14399-4:2006-06,
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for
preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and
nut assemblies
51
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
20 DIN 6915:1999-12 Withdrawn: 2005-06

Hexagon nuts with large widths across flats for Replaced by:
high strength structural bolting
DIN EN 14399-4:2006-06,
preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and
nut assemblies
21 DIN 6916:1989-10 Withdrawn: 2005-06
Round washers for high-strength structural steel Replaced by:
bolting
DIN EN 14399-6:2006-06,
preloading — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers
22 DIN 7999:1983-12 Withdrawn: 2008-03-28
High-strength hexagon fit bolts with large widths Replaced by:
across flats for structural steel bolting
DIN EN 14399-8:2008-03,
preloading — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and
nut assemblies
23 DIN 17111:1980-09 Withdrawn: 2005-03
Low carbon unalloyed steels for bolts, nuts and
rivets — Technical conditions of delivery
24 E DIN 18800-5:1999-01 Withdrawn: 2004-11
Steel structures — Part 5: Composite steel and Replaced by:
concrete structures — Design and construction
DIN 18800-5:2007-03,
Steel structures — Part 5: Composite structures of steel
and concrete — Design and construction
25 DIN 18809:1987-09 Supplemented by:

Steel road bridges and foot bridges — Design and DIN-Fachbericht 103:2003, Steel bridges
construction
DIN-Fachbericht 104: 2003, Composite steel and
concrete bridges
26 DIN EN 287-1:1997-08 Withdrawn: 2004-05
Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Replaced by:
Part 1: Steels (includes Amendment A1:1997)
DIN EN 287-1:2006-06,
Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1:
Steels
27 DIN EN 288-2:1997-10 Withdrawn: 2005-01
Specification and approval of welding procedures Replaced by:
for metallic materials — Part 2: Welding procedure
specification for arc welding (includes Amendment DIN EN ISO 15609-1:2005-01,
A1:1997) Specification and qualification of welding procedures for
metallic materials — Welding procedure specification —
Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004)
52
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
28 DIN EN 288-3:1997-10 Withdrawn: 2004-11

for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding procedure
tests for the arc welding of steel (includes DIN EN ISO 15614-1:2004-11,
Amendment A1:1997) Specification and qualification of welding procedures for
metallic materials — Welding procedure test —
Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of
nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004)
29 DIN EN 288-5:1994-10 Withdrawn: 2004-02
for metallic materials — Part 5: Approval by using
approved welding consumables for arc welding DIN EN ISO 15610:2004-02,
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for
metallic materials — Qualification based on tested
welding consumables (ISO 15610:2003)
30 DIN EN 288-6:1994-10 Withdrawn: 2004-03
for metallic materials — Part 5: Approval by using
approved welding consumables for arc welding DIN EN ISO 15611:2004-03,
metallic materials — Qualification based on previous
welding experience (ISO 15611:2003)
31 DIN EN 288-7:1995-08 Withdrawn: 2004-10
for metallic materials — Part 7: Approval by a
standard welding procedure for arc welding DIN EN ISO 15612:2004-10,
metallic materials — Qualification by adoption of a
standard welding procedure (ISO 15612:2004)
32 DIN EN 288-8:1995-08 Withdrawn: 2004-09
for metallic materials — Part 8: Approval by a pre-

production welding test DIN EN ISO 15613:2004-09,
metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-
production welding test (ISO 15613:2004)
33 DIN EN 729-2:1994-11 Withdrawn: 2006-03
Quality requirements for welding — Replaced by:
Fusion welding of metallic materials —
Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements DIN EN ISO 3834-2:2006-03,
Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic
materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements
(ISO 3834-2:2005)
34 DIN EN 729-3:1994-11 Withdrawn: 2006-03
Quality requirements for welding — Replaced by:
Fusion welding of metallic materials —
Part 3: Standard quality requirements DIN EN ISO 3834-3:2006-03, Quality requirements for
fusion welding for metallic materials — Part 3: Standard
quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2005)
53
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
35 DIN EN 729-4:2004-08 Withdrawn: 2006-03

Quality requirements for welding — Fusion Replaced by:
welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary
quality requirements DIN EN ISO 3834-4:2006-03,
Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic
materials — Part 4: Elementary quality requirements
(ISO 3834-4:2005)
36 DIN V ENV 1993-1-1:1993-04 Partly replaced by:
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — DIN EN 1993-1-1:2005-07,
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures —
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
DIN EN 1993-1-8:2005-07,
Part 1-8: Design of joints
DIN EN 1993-1-9:2005-07,
Part 1-9: Fatigue
DIN EN 1993-1-10:2005-07,
Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness
properties
37 DIN EN 10025:1994-03 Withdrawn: 2005-02
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Replaced by:
technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10025-1:2005-02,
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels —

technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10025-2:2005-04,
Hot rolled products of structural steels —
Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy
structural steels
38 DIN EN 10113-2:1993-04 Withdrawn: 2005-02
Hot-rolled products in weldable fine grain structural Replaced by:
steels — Part 2: Delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled steels DIN EN 10025-1:2005-02,
Part 1: General technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10025-3:2005-02,
Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain
structural steels
54
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
39 DIN EN 10113-3:1993-04 Withdrawn: 2005-02

Hot-rolled products in weldable fine grain structural Replaced by:
steels — Part 3: Delivery conditions for
thermomechanical rolled steels DIN EN 10025-1:2005-02,
DIN EN 10025-4:2005-04,
Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 4:
Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical
rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
40 DIN EN 10155:1993-08 Withdrawn: 2005-02
Structural steels with improved atmospheric Replaced by:
corrosion resistance — Technical delivery
conditions DIN EN 10025-1:2005-02,
DIN EN 10025-5:2005-02,
Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for structural steels
with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
41 DIN EN 10164:1993-08 Withdrawn: 2005-03
Steel products with improved deformation Replaced by:
properties perpendicular to the surface of the
product — Technical delivery conditions DIN EN 10164:2005-03,
Steel products with improved deformation properties
perpendicular to the surface of the product — Technical
delivery conditions
42 DIN EN 10204: 1995-08 Withdrawn: 2005-01
Metallic products — Types of inspection Replaced by:
documents (includes Amendment A1:1995)
DIN EN 10204:2005-01,
Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
43 DIN EN 22063:1994-08 Withdrawn: 2005-05
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Thermal Replaced by:
spraying — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys
(ISO 2063:1991) DIN EN ISO 2063:2005-05,
Thermal spraying — Metallic and other inorganic
coatings — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys
(ISO 2063:2005)
44 DIN EN 25817:1992-09 Withdrawn: 2003-12
Arc-welded joints in steel — Guidance on quality Replaced by:
levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:1992)
DIN EN ISO 5817:2006-10,
Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium
and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality
levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003 + Cor. 1:2006)
55
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
45 DIN EN ISO 9013:1995-05 Withdrawn: 2003-07

Welding and allied processes — Quality Replaced by:
classification and dimensional tolerances of
thermally cut (oxygen/fuel gas flame) surfaces DIN EN ISO 9013:2003-07,
(ISO 9013:1992) Thermal cutting — Classification of thermal cuts —
Geometrical product specification and quality tolerances
(ISO 9013:2002)
46 E DIN EN ISO 15609-4:2000-08 Withdrawn: 2004-10
for metallic materials — Welding procedure
specification — Part 4: Laser beam welding DIN EN ISO 15609-4:2004-10,
(ISO/DIS 15609-4:2000) Specification and qualification of welding procedures for
metallic materials — Welding procedure specification —
Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 15609-4:2004)
47 DASt 009:1973-04 Withdrawn: 2005-01

Empfehlungen zur Wahl der Stahlgütegruppen für Replaced by:
geschweißte Stahlbauten
DASt 009:2005-01
Stahlsortenauswahl für geschweißte Stahlbauten
48 DS 804:2000-09-25 Withdrawn: 2003-05
Vorschrift für Eisenbahnbrücken und sonstige Replaced by:
Ingenieurbauwerke (VEI)
Ril 804(2003-05)
Eisenbahnbrücken (und sonstige Ingenieurbauwerke)
planen, bauen und instand halten
DIN-Fachbericht 103:2003, Stahlbrücken
DIN-Fachbericht 104:2003, Verbundbrücken
49 DVS 0501:1976-03 Withdrawn: 2004-02
Prüfen der Porenneigung beim Überschweißen Standards in the field:

von Fertigungsbeschichtungen (FB) auf Stahl
DIN EN ISO 17652-1:2003-07,
Welding — Test for shop primers in relation to welding
and allied processes — Part 1: General requirements
DIN EN ISO 17652-2:2003-07,
Welding — Test for shop primers in relation to welding
and allied processes — Part 2: Welding properties of
shop primers
50 DVS 1702:1999-11 Withdrawn: 2003-05

Verfahrensprüfungen im Stahlbau für Replaced by:
Schweißverbindungen an hochfesten
schweißgeeigneten Feinkornbaustählen DVS 1702:2003-05
Verfahrensprüfungen im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
56
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Serial
no.
51 DVS 1704:1993-11 Withdrawn: 1998-04

Richtlinie für den Eignungsnachweis zum Replaced by:
Schweißen nach DIN 18800 Teil 7
DVS 1704:2004-05
Voraussetzungen und Verfahren für die Erteilung von
Bescheinigungen über die Herstellerqualifikation zum
Schweißen von Stahlbauten nach DIN 18800-7:2002-09
52 SEP 1390:1996-07 Supplemented by equivalent criteria
Aufschweißbiegeversuch
53 Technische Lieferbedingungen Withdrawn
Replaced by:
BN 918300 TL/TP–KOR–Stahlbauten
Deutsche Bahn AG Issued by: Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt)
57
DIN 18800-7:2008-11
Bibliography
[1] Lindner, J.: Contact Splices in Columns. In: Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures, D. Camotim et al.
(Eds.), Lisbon, September 2006, pp. 223–232
[2] Wiegand, Kloos, Thomalla: Schraubenverbindungen, Springer Verlag, Berlin, May 2007 edition
DIN 6914, High-strength hexagon head bolts with large widths across flats for structural steel bolting
DIN 6915, Hexagon nuts with large widths across flats for high strength structural bolting
DIN 6916, Round washers for high-strength structural steel bolting
DIN 7999, High strength hexagon fit bolts with large widths across flats for structural steel bolting
DIN EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination
DIN EN 1290, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds
DIN EN 1712, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing of welded joints — Acceptance levels
DIN EN 1713, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization of indications in welds
DIN EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values —
Coarse thread
DIN EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
58

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7.2 Welding plan.........................................................................................................................................23

13.4 Requirements on welding contractors and subcontractors (welding businesses) .....................41

Table 2 — Methods of making holes ..............................................................................................................20

Supplement to DIN 1073: 1974-07

DIN 101, Rivets — Technical specifications

DIN 434, Square taper washers for U-sections

DIN 435, Square taper washers for I-sections

DIN 820-2, Standardization — Part 2: Presentation of documents

DIN 929, Hexagon weld nuts

DIN 976-1, Stud bolts — Part 1: Metric thread

DIN 4131, Steel radio towers and masts

DIN V 4133, Free-standing steel stacks

DIN 7989-1, Washers for steel structures — Part 1: Product grade C

DIN 7989-2, Washers for steel structures — Part 2: Product grade A

DIN 18202, Tolerances in building construction — Structures

DIN 18800-1:2008-11, Steel structures — Part 1: Design and construction

DIN 34820, Plain washers, chamfered, for steel structures

DIN EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels

DIN EN 1435, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints

DIN EN 1714, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing of welded joints

DIN EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents

DIN EN ISO 4014, Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B

DIN EN ISO 4017, Hexagon head screws — Product grades A and B

DIN EN ISO 4032, Hexagon nuts, style 1 — Product grades A and B

DIN EN ISO 4034, Hexagon nuts — Product grade C

DIN EN ISO 7089, Plain washers — Normal series, Product grade A

DIN EN ISO 7091, Plain washers — Normal series, Product grade C

DIN EN ISO 10642, Hexagon socket countersunk head screws

DIN EN ISO 10684, Fasteners — Hot-dip galvanized coatings

DIN EN ISO 14555, Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials

DIN EN ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities

DIN EN ISO 15620, Welding — Friction welding of metallic materials

DIN EN ISO 17660 (all parts), Welding — Welding of reinforcing steel

DIN EN ISO 21670, Hexagon weld nuts with flange

DIN-Fachbericht (DIN Technical Report) 103, Steel bridges

DIN-Fachbericht 104, Composite steel and concrete bridges

DASt-Richtlinie 0141), Empfehlungen zum Vermeiden von Terrassenbrüchen in geschweißten Konstruktionen

3 Terms and definitions

4.1 Execution specification documents

⎯ product standards of the steel products and fasteners to be used;

⎯ type and extent of the non-destructive material and weld tests;

⎯ preparatory treatment of the materials;

⎯ where cast products are used, the quality level.

4.2 Verification documents

a) certificates as specified in DIN EN 10204, where applicable;

5.1 Rolled steels, forged steels and cast materials

5.1.3 Quality classes

5.1.4 Additional requirements

The requirements of DASt-Richtlinie 014 are to be met.

Steel grade Thickness t

structural steel as grain structural steel as

S 235 Grade +N or +M as specified in DIN EN 10025-2

(508) has been deleted.

5.2 Welding consumables

5.3.1 Bolts, nuts and washers

e Nuts of property class 8 with tolerance 6G are also permitted.

5.3.2 Other mechanical connections

(522) Shear connector studs shall conform to DIN EN ISO 13918.

5.3.3 Marking and certificates

6.1 Identification of materials and components