Name : Shaikh Almas Javed

ASSIGNMENT 1 : GENETIC ALGORITHM

Genetic algorithms (GA) work by simulating the logic of Darwinian selection, where only the
best are selected for replication. Over many generations, natural populations evolve
according to the principles of natural selection and stated by Charles Darwin in The Origin
of Species. Only the most suited elements in a population are likely to survive and generate
offspring, thus transmitting their biological heredity to new generations.

Genetic algorithms are able to address complicated problems with many variables and a
large number of possible outcomes by simulating the evolutionary process of “survival of the
fittest” to reach a defined goal. They operate by generating many random answers to a
problem, eliminating the worst and cross-pollinating better answers. Repeating this
elimination and regeneration process gradually improves the quality of the answers to an
optimal or near-optimal condition.

In computing terms, a genetic algorithm implements the model of computation by having

arrays of bits or characters (binary string) to represent the chromosomes. Each string
represents a potential solution. The genetic algorithm then manipulates the most promising
chromosomes searching for improved solutions. A genetic algorithm operates through a
cycle of three stages:

1. Build and maintain a population of solutions to a problem

2. Choose the better solutions for recombination with each other
3. Use their offspring to replace poorer solutions.

GA Coding

Each individual of a population represents a possible solution to a given problem. Each

individual is assigned a “fitness score” according to how good a solution to the problem it is.

A potential solution to a problem may be represented as a set of parameters. For example, if

our problem is to maximize a function of three variables, F(x; y; z), we might represent each
variable by a 10-bit binary number (suitably scaled). Our chromosome would therefore
contain three genes, and consist of 30 binary digits.
Fitness function

A Fitness function must be specific for each problem to be solved. Given a particular
chromosome, the fitness function returns a single numerical merit proportional to the utility
of the individual that chromosome represents.

Reproduction

During the reproductive phase of the GA, individuals are selected from the population and
recombined. Parents are selected randomly from the population using a scheme which
favors individuals with higher fitness scores.

Having selected two parents, their chromosomes are recombined, typically using the
mechanisms of crossover and mutation:
Crossover takes two individuals, and cuts their chromosome strings at some randomly
chosen position, to produce two “head” segments, and two “tail” segments. The tail segments
are then swapped over to produce two new full length chromosomes. The two individual
each inherit some genes from each parent.

Mutation is applied to each child individually after crossover. It randomly alters each gene
with a small probability (typically 0.001).If the GA has been correctly implemented, the
population will evolve over successive generations so that the fitness of the best and the
average individual in each generation increases towards the global optimum.

The basic Genetic algorithm is :

Initialize a random population of individuals

Compute fitness of each individual
WHILE NOT finished DO
BEGIN /* produce new generation */
FOR population_size DO
BEGIN /* reproductive cycle */
Select two individuals from old generation, recombine the
two individuals to give two offspring
Make a mutation for selected individuals by altering a
random bit in a string
Create a new generation (new populations)
END
IF population has converged THEN
finished := TRUE
END
A typical application of this technology would be to try to determine the best route for
delivering product from point A to point B, when the conditions may periodically change.
These conditions could be related to weather, road conditions, traffic flow, rush hour, etc.
Many times the best route could be the fastest, shortest, most scenic, most cost effective, or
a combination thereof. No one answer to the question will always be perfectly correct. It may
get you from point A to B, but not necessarily to everyone’s liking, or every time of the day
or week. In fact, typically the more options you provide, the more accurate the answer will
be.

Genetic algorithms provide various benefits to existing machine learning technologies such
as being able to be used by data mining for the field/attribute selection, and can be combined
with neural networks to determine optimal weights and architecture.
 ASSIGNMENT 2 : AI INNOVATION

Technology is always evolving. In 2018, the evolution will not focus as much on faster phones
or bigger televisions (although those things will happen). Instead, artificial intelligence will
evolve, likely faster than any of us can predict. To give you a hint of what’s to come, here are
a few gadgets at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas that push the AI
envelope.

1. Cocoon Cam Clarity

Cameras already recognize us -- just try the new iPhone X. But this smart baby monitor
camera can even tell if the infant is breathing and send you real-time data and alerts. The
new version adds sensors for humidity, temp, sleep analytics, and alerts if the baby is crying.

2. Byton Smart Intuitive Vehicle

What makes this autonomous car so interesting? Inside, a network connects at extremely
high-speeds to feed infotainment data into the cab (think: 4K movies and video chat). Instead
of one main screen, there’s a display for each passenger in the vehicle.

3. Hyundai Intelligent Personal Agent

Can you text from your car? Not normally in most cars -- or legally. But a new voice-enabled
bot in development at Hyundai could change that. You can talk to the car to text, make phone
calls, get directions, and even open the sunroof or enable the AC.

4. Speak Music Muse

I’ve already started testing this voice-enabled controller for your car, which uses Amazon
Alexa. You can instruct the bot to play your favorite song, turn off the lights in your home, or
create a task list for when you get home from work. It works with Bluetooth or the Aux in
port.
 5. PianoGo
This AI-powered iPad app works with The One Smart Piano. Using machine learning, the app
can monitor and track how you play, comparing the results and provide an assessment. The
AI can tell if you are playing with accuracy, enough expression, or good rhythm.

6. Vobot Halo Light

A bedside lamp that greets you in the morning? That’s the idea with the Vobot Halo Light,
which also shines brighter as the morning progresses (a.k.a., like the sun itself). Once you’re
fully awake, you can ask about the weather or get a news report for the day.

7. Rinspeed Snap
While it’s just a concept, the idea of moving people in an urban area on a car that looks like a
skateboard (called the Rinspeed Snap, to debut at CES) could become a reality someday. For
one, you can step on easily and can step off if you don’t like how the robot is driving.

8. AR4X Security Camera

Security cameras can record footage for you and alert you to motion, but this new model can
identify people, cars, or pets from a distance -- and alert you about an intrusion. The company
says it only needs one image from your face as a comparison to other guests.