Transportation Engineering

Transportation
Engineering
Solutions for Volume : I Classroom Practice Questions
Chapter- 1
Highway Development and Planning
01. Ans: (d)
Sol:
Number of with population

Length
Road 2000 – Utility Utility/km
(km)
< 2000 500 > 5000
0
P 20 8 6 1 80.5+61+12 = 12 12/20 = 0.6
190.5+81+42= 25.5/28
Q 28 19 8 4
25.5 =0.91
R 12 7 5 2 70.5+51+22= 12.5 12.5/12=1.04
Weightage
0.5 1 2
factor
 RQP
02. Ans: (a)
Sol:
Road Length Industrial
Number of villages with population ranges Utility Utility/km
Lane (cm) Product
1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000
1001+802+30
574/300
P 300 100 80 30 6 200 3+64+200 =1.91
=574
682/400
Q 400 200 90 00 8 270 2001+902+84+270
=1.70
2401+1102+70
1025/500
R 500 240 110 70 10 315 3+104+315 =2.05
=1025
2481+1122+733
1074/550
S 550 248 112 73 12 335 +124+335 =1.95
=1074
Weightage
1 2 3 4
factor
 RSPQ
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:2: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions
Chapter- 4 W 9  100
 7.5 2 n 
Highway Geometric Design - Gradients 2n 7.5
n = 60  1 in 60
Common data for Questions 01 & 02

06. Ans: (d)
01. Ans: (b)
W 3.5 100 0
Sol: Height of crown  
2n 2  60 07. Ans: (a)
= 29.2 mm
02. Ans: (d) Chapter- 5

Highway Geometric Design
W 3.5 1000
Sol: Height of crown   - Sight Distances
2n 2  40
= 43.75 mm
01. Ans: (c)
03. Ans: (b) Sol: B.D = 16 m,
f = 0.4
04. Ans: (a) V2 V2
16   16
30  R 254 f 254  0.4
Sol: G. C 
R V = 40.3 kmph ≈ 40 kmph
30  50
G. C   1. 6
50
02. Ans: (c)
75
Max G C  1.5 GC = 1.5 Sol: V = 30 kmph,
50
f = 0.4
The compensated gradient = 6% – 1.5
BDdown = 2 BDup
= 4.5%
V2 2 V 2

254 f  0.01n  254 f  0.01n 
05. Ans: (a)
f + 0.01 n = 2 f – 0.02n
W
Sol: Height of crown   7.5 cm 0.03 n = 0.4
2n
n = 13.33%
:3: Transportation Engineering
03. Ans: (b) 07.

Sol: V = 72 kmph, n = 2%, Sol:
f = 0.15, There are 3 phases in the problem
t=1.5 sec 1. Driver lifts foot from accelerator and moves
V2 it to brake pedal – the velocity is uniform.
SSD  0.278 Vt  = 150 m
254 f  0.01n  2. Deceleration increases from zero to
maximum
04. Ans: (b) 3. Braking system locks the wheels and
Sol: V = 60 kmph deceleration assumed to be constant until
t = 2.5 sec ,f = 0.36 vehicle strikes the stationary vehicle
0.278 Vt 6
 Speed
V / 254 f  0.01n  5
2
Vo
6 60 2  V1
0.278  60  2.5    Initial
5  254 0.36  0.01n   speed V2
Time
to
n = 4.78 ≃ 4.8
t1
t2
05. Ans: (c)
Sol: V = 60 kmph, t = 2.5 sec, f = 0.35 A = fg = 0.75 9.81 = 7.35 m/s2
V2 During 1st phase, assume driver reaction time
SSD  0.278 Vt 
254 f 0.5 sec
60 2 a
= 0.278  60  2.5  = 82.1 m v o  v1  ( t 1  t o )
254  0.35 2
SSD for single two way traffic = 2  SSD During 3rd phase, deceleration assumed assumed
= 2 82.1 = 164.2 m to be uniform
v1  v 22  2aS  11.18 2  2  7.35  27.45
06. Ans: (c) = 23 m/s = 82.76 kmph
Sol: ISD = 2  80 = 160 m 7.35
v o  82.76  (0.8  0.5)
2
= 83.86 kmph

08. For a driver with 6/9 vision (with defective

dv sight), the distance of sign post should be
Sol:  3  0.04v
dt nearer as compared to driver with normal
Α = 3,  = 0.04, t = 5 – 0.75 = 4.25 sight.
Width of intersection = 7.5 m 6
 Modified S1   48  32 m
Equation for distance as a function of time 9
t  v The position of sign post is as shown below
x  2 (1  e t )  o (1  e t )
   sign Start of
zone-y
vo = initial speed = 0 A S1 = 32 m S2 = X = ?
C B
3(4.25) 3
  (1  e 0.044.25 )  0 S = 174 m
0.04 (0.04) 2 The distance from modified position of sign
x = 25.62 m post to the start of zone-y (i.e. CB) = 174 –
Intersection + length of car 32 = 142 m.
7.5 + 6.1 = 13.6 m
 He can clear the intersection Chapter- 6
- Overtaking Sight Distance
10. Ans: 142
Sol: For normal driver with 6/6 vision the
position of sign post is shown below.
sign Start of Common data for Questions 01, 02 & 03
zone-y
A S1 = 48 m S2 = ?
C B
01. Ans: (c)
S = 174 m
Sol:
S2 = 174 – 48 = 126 m V = 80 kmph a = 2.5 kmph/sec
S2 = The distance from sign post to the start Vb = 50 kmph S = 16 m
of zone-y t = 2 sec
S1 = Distance traveled by the vehicle during 14.4 s
T  92.16 sec
perception – reaction time for 6/6 vision A
driver = 9.6 sec
S = total distance required to reduce the OSD = d1 + d2
speed to 30 kmph from design speed. = 0.278 Vb t + (0.278 Vb T + 2s)
= 193.24 m

02. Ans: (d) 05. Ans: (d)

Sol: OSD = d1 + d2 + d3 Sol: Distance traveled in overtaking process (d2)
= 0.278Vbt+(0.278VbT+2s)+0.278 VT d2 = (Vb T + 2 s) S1 = 25 m
= 406.74 m = (Vb T + S1 + S2) S2 = 20 m
4s
T  10.6 sec
03. Ans: (c) a
Sol: Since division is there d2 = (0.278  100  10) + (25 + 20)
OSD = d1 + d2 = 193.24 m = 323 mm

Common data for Questions 04 & 05 06. Ans: (c)
Sol: OSD = d1 + d2
04. Ans: (c) V = 22.22 m/s Vb = 16.67 m/s
Sol: V = u + at a = 0.7 m/s 2
u = 100 kmph S = (0.7 Vb + l) = 17.67 m

= 27.7 m/s
4s
= 27.7 + 0.8  5 T 10.05 sec t = 2 sec
a
V = 31.72 m/s
OSD = d1 + d2 + d3
V2 – u2 = 2  as = Vb t + (Vb T + 2s) +VT
(31.7)2 – (27.7)2 = 2  0.8  S = 236.21 + (22.22 10.05)
S = 148.5 m = 459.521 m
Distance traveled in next 2 sec
≈ 457.2 m
= 323 – 148.5
S = 174.5 m
07. Ans: (d)
Now, u = 31.7 m/s
Sol: Desirable length of OZ = 5 OSD
S = ut + ½ at2
= 5 (d1 + d2+d3)
1 
174.5 = (31.7  5) +   a  5 2  = 5 459.521
2 
= 2298 m
a = 1.2 m/sec2
≃ 2300 m

Common data for Questions 04 to 06
Chapter- 7
Highway Geometric Design 04. Ans: (b)
- Horizontal Curves V2
Sol: e  f 
127 R
Common data for Questions 01 & 02 100 2
e  0.15 
01. Ans: (a) 127  500
V2 65 2  e = 0.00748 = 0.74%
Sol: e    0.031
225 R 225  600
05. Ans: (b)
0.11 V2 100 2
C Sol: f  =  0.157 ≃ 0.16
127 R 127  500
0.22
E = e w = 0.031  7 = 0.22 m 06. Ans: (c)

w.r.t centre line = 0.11 m 100 2
Sol: f = 0 ; e0
127  500
02. Ans: (b)  e = 15.75%
Sol: w.r.t inner edge ; E = 0.22 m
07. Ans: (a)
03. Ans: (c) V2 60 2
Sol: e    0.032  3.2%
225 R 225  500
V2 65 2
Sol: e cal    0.15
225 R 225 125
08. Ans: (b)
ecal > 0.07
V2
 V = 65 kmph is not suitable Sol: R Ruling 
127 f  e 
V2 65 2
0.07  f  f   0.07 100 2
127 R 127  125 
127 0.07  0.13
= 0.196 > 0.15
Va should be calculated = 393.7 m ≈ 395 m
Va2
0.07  0.15 
127  125
Va = 59.1 kmph

09. Ans: (a) 03. Ans: (c)

Sol: b = 2.4 m n 2 V
Sol: We  
h = 4.2 m 2 R 9.5 R
b 2.4
  0.286  f 2  82 100
2 h 2  4.2    0.821 / m
2  300 9.5 300
b
f
2h
04. Ans: (c)
 Lateral skidding occur first
Sol: Given Wm = 0.096
2
 0.096  R  226.87 m
2R
Chapter- 8 n 2 V
Horizontal Curves (Extra Widening) We  Wm  Wps  
2 R 9.5 R
2  6.6 2 80
Common data for Questions 01 & 02   = 0.75 m
2  226.87 9.5 226.87
01. Ans: (d)

V2 Chapter- 9
Sol: e  f 
127 R Set Back Distance and
Curve Resistance
76 2
R Ruling   209.9 m
1 
127   0.15  01. Ans: (a)
 15 
02. Ans: (c)

02. Ans: (d)
S2 80 2
n 2 V Sol: m  R   80 m
Sol: We   8R 8 10
2 R 9.5 R
2  72 76
  = 0.787 m Common data for Questions 03 & 04
2  209 9.5 209
03. Ans: (c)
 Total width = 7 + 0.787 = 7.78 m
Sol: L = 180 m S = 80 m
L>S
S2 80 2
m   2.22 m
8R 8  360
Width of pavement is not indicated  180 S 180  125

  = 18.06
m = R – R cos (/2) 2 2 R  d  2 200  1.75
 180 S 180  80 
   6.36 m  R  R  d  cos  
2 2 R 2   360 2
m = 360 – 360 cos (6.36) = 11.52 m
1
= 2.2 m m =m–d
= 11.52 – 1.75 = 9.77 m
04. Ans: (c) (or)
Sol: L = 180 m S = 250 m In approximately
L<S S2
m  9.76 m
 SL  8R
m  R  R cos    sin  
2 2 2
 180 L 180  180 Problems on Curve Resistance
  14.32
2 2  R 2   360
m = 360 – 360cos(14.32) 01.
250  180 Sol: Ratio of loss of tractive force = T(1– cos)
 sin 14.32 = 19.88 m
2 = T(1–cos45o)
Common data for Questions 05 & 06 = 0.293T
05. Ans: (c) 02.

V2 Sol: Curve resistance = T(1 – cos)
Sol: SSD  0.278 V t 
254 f = T(1  cos30o)
= 0.134 T
80 2
 0.278  80  2.4  
254  0.355
03.
= 124.35 m ≈ 125 m
Sol: Curve resistance = T(1–cos)
= T(1–cos90o)
06. Ans: (d)
=0
Sol: S = 125 m
W 7
d   1.75 m
4 4

04. Ans: (a)

Sol: Considering ‘C’ value
Chapter- 10 0.0215 V 3 0.0215  80 3
Highway Geometric Design L 
CR 0.516  900
-Transition Curves
= 23.7 m
Considering ‘N’ value
Common data for Questions 01 & 02 V2 80 2
e   0.04
225 R 225  900
01. Ans: (d) (for mixed traffic)
0.0215 V 3 eN
Sol: L  L W  We 
CR 2
0.04  150
0.0215  60 3   7  21 m
  38.7 m 2
0.6  200
Considering terrain
Considering N value 2.7 V 2 2.7  80 2

L   19.2 m
R 900
L = eN (W + We) = 0.07  100 (7 + 0.2)
 Length of T.C = 23.7 m
= 50.4 m
2.7 V 2 2.7  60 2
L   48.6 m
R 200 Chapter- 11
 The length of T.C = 50.4 m Highway Geometric Design
(from the 3 values) -Vertical Curves
02. Ans: (d) 01. Ans: (b)
Sol: S 
L2

50.4  0.53 m2
Sol: Length of summit parabolic curve,
24 R 24  200 Assume L > S
NS 2
L=
Common data for Questions 03 & 04  2H  2h 2
0.09  120 2
= = 249 m
03. Ans: (c)
 2  1.5  2  0.15 2
80 80
Sol: C    0.516 m / sec 3
75  V 75  80

: 10 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions
02. Ans: (d) 06. Ans: (b)

Sol: N = 4 – (2) = 6% 1  1 
Sol: N     0.0183
6%  150 nm 100  120 
4 Take L > OSD
4%  150  100 m
6 NS 2 0.0183  470 2
L 
9.6 9. 6
= 421.09 m
4% 2 %
150 m Take L < OSD
9.6 9. 6
L  2S   2  470 
03. Ans: (c) N 0.0183
1  1  = 415.4 m
Sol: N      0.03  3%
50  100 
1 %  100 m 07. Ans: (a)
3
3%  100  300 m
1 08. Ans: (c)
Sol: Take L ≥ OSD
Common data for Q 04 & 05
NS2
L
9. 6
04. Ans: (c)
0.018  500 2
1  1  
Sol: N       0.06  6% 9.6
25  50 
= 468.75 m < 500 m
S = 180 m
Take L < OSD
Take L > SSD
9.6
L  2S 
NS 2
0.06  180 2
N
L   441.8 m
4.40 4. 4 9.6
 2  500 
≃442 m 0.018
= 466.67 m < 500 m
05. Ans: (b)  Length of summit cure,
Sol: 6 %  442 m L ≈ 470 m
4
4%  442  294.7 m
6

: 11 : Transportation Engineering
03. Ans: (a)

Chapter- 12 Sol: For 9%  373.86
For 4 %  ?
-Valley Curves
4  374.0
 = 166.22 m
9
Common data for Questions 01 to 03
01. Ans: (c)

Chapter- 13
1 Highway Materials and Testing
Sol:  n 1  V = 100 kmph
25
1
n2  C = 0.6 m/s3
20
SSD = 180 m 01. Ans: (a)
N   n 1  n 2   n 1  n 2 Sol: k 1d 1  k 2 d 2
1 1 200  30  k 2 75

   0.09
25 20 k 2  k of soil  80 N / cm 3
(a) L = 0.38 (NV3)1/2
 
1
 0.38 0.09  100 3 2 02. Ans: (a)
= 114 03. Ans: (a)
L > SSD
Sol: E =
1.18 Pa 1.18  800  2

75  
NS 2 0.09  180 2  2.5  10 1
(b) L  
1.5  0.035 S 1.5  0.035 180  = 141600 N/cm2
= 141.6 kN/cm2
= 373.86 m ≃ 374 m
04.
02. Ans: (b) Sol: Total weight = 825+1200 + 325 +150 + 100
1.6 NV 2 = 2600 gm
Sol: I 
L % wt of material ;
1.6  0.09  100 2 825
  3.85 A1   100  31.7%
374 2600
1200
A2   100  46.15%
2600

325 05.
A3   100  12.5%
2600 100
Sol: G t 
150 w1 w 2 w 3
A4   100  5.7%  
2600 G1 G 2 G 3
100 100
Bitumen   100  3.8%  = 2.48
2600 60 35 5
 
100 2.72 2.66 1.0
Gt 
 w1 w 2 w 3 w 4 w 5  Va= 7%
     
 G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5  Gt  Gm
Va  100
100 Gt
=
 31.7 46.15 12.5 5.7 3.8  2.48  G m
 2.63  2.51  2.46  2.43  1.05  7 100
  2.48
= 2.41 Gm = 2.31
1100
Gm =  2.31
475 06. Ans: (c)
P2.5
Sol: CBR (%)=  100
Gt  Gm 2.41  2.31 Pst 2.5
(a) Va =  100   100
Gt 2.41 60.5
=  100 = 4.4%
= 4.15% 1370
P5
CBR (%) =  100
wb 3.80 Pst 5
(b) Vb =  Gm   2.31  8.36
Gb 1.05 80.5
=  100
2055
(c) VMA= Vv + Vb = 4.15% + 8.36 = 3.92 %
= 12.51 % Adopt higher one.
 CBR(%) = 4.4
Vb
VFB =  100
VMA
8.36
=  100 = 67 %
12.51

Assume F = 0.75
Chapter- 14
N=
 
365 (1  0.1)15  1  1610.51  2.5  0.75
Pavement Design 0.1
= 35 msa
01. Ans: 25.66 msa
Sol: Assume lane distribution factor, F = 0.75 03. Ans: (b)
5 Sol: N = N1 + N2
 7.5 
A  1000 1 
 100 
  1435.6 CVPD
=
 
365 (1  r ) n  1  A  D  F
 
365 1  0.075  1  1435.6  2.5  0.75
15

r

N 365 (1  0.075)10  1 2000  5  200  6
0.075 N=
0.075
= 25.66 msa
= 57.8 msa
02. Ans: (b)
Sol: N=
 
365 (1  r ) n  1  A  D  F
r
A = P(1+r)n
= 1000 (1+0.1)5 = 1610.51
04.
Sol:
Wheel load EF Number of vehicles Total vehicles with standard axle loads
2268 1 465 1465 = 465

2722 2.07 224 2.07224 = 464
3175 3.84 168 3.84168 = 645
3629 6.5 112 6.5112 = 728
4082 10.49 75 10.49 75 = 787
4536 16 38 16 38 = 608
4990 23.43 19 23.43 19 = 446
1101  = 4143
Compared to standard load how many times the others create the damage.
Consider the standard axle load = 2268
25
 1860 = 465 cv/day
100
4
 2722 
EF =  = 2.07
 2268 
Total number of vehicles, A = 4143 cv/day
n = 20 years
r = 75% (as per IRC)
D = 0.4 ( as per IRC)
F = 4.5 ( >1500 cv/day, plain terrain)
N (msa) =

365 (1  r ) n  1 ADF 
= 118 msa
r
05. Ans: 1.26

Sol:
Equivalent axle load and vehicle damage factor (VDF)
Axle load Number of load Equivalent factor Equivalent axle load
repetition
80 1000 (80/80)4 = 1 1000
160 100 (160/80)4 = 16 1600
4
40 1000 (40/80) = 0.0625 62.5
2662.5
 The equivalent axle load = 2662.5 kN
(1000  1)  (100  16)  (1000  0.0625)
VDF 
1000  100  1000
= 1.26


Chapter- 15
Rigid Pavements
04. Ans: (a)
1  7.2  18  1.5  2400
B h f rc
01. Ans: (a) Sol: As =  2
 s  100 1700  100
2.5
' 2 =1.37 cm2/m
Sol: L =   3571.42m
( t 2  t1 ) 10  10 6 (45  10)
Spacing =

100  A 100  4  10

2
 
= 35.71 m
As 1.37
( = 50% of gap expansion joint)
= 57.32 cm ≃ 550mm c/c
05. Ans: (b)
02. Ans: (a)
d s 1  1700
C Et Sol: L =   34.55 cm
Sol: w(e) = x 2 b 2  24.6
2
0.92  3  105  10 10 6  16.2
 Common data for Questions 06 & 07
2
= 22.36 kg/cm2
03. Ans: (d) 06. Ans: (c)
Sol: 2 c 2  0.8  10 4
Sol: L =   4. 4 m c / c
1  cf 2400  1.5
 Eh 3  4
l 2 
12k (1   ) 
07. Ans: (c)
1
 3  10  20 
5 3 4
200  s A s
 2 
 71.1 cm Sol: L 
12  8(1  0.15 )  Bh c f

w(c) =
Et a 200  1200 
4

 10  10 1 2
3(1  ) l   no. of bars

3.75  20  2400  1.5
3  10 5  10  10 6  16.2 15 = 8.72 c/c
 
3(1  0.15) 71.1
width 3.75
= 8.75 kg/cm2 No. of bars   = 12.5 ≃ 13 No’s
0.3 0. 3

08. Ans: (a)

Vt 
 q v  142  11.83 m / s
Sol:  f 
 c f L 2400  4  1.2
  q 12
2  10 4 2  10 4
Vs 
 q  12  9.44 m / s
 0.576 kg / cm 2
 q / v  1.27
Always the time mean speed is more than
space mean speed i.e, Vt > Vs\
Chapter- 16
Traffic Engineering
03. Ans: 41.8 & 40.91
Sol:
01 Ans: (a)
1
Sol: Time mean speed Speed of vehicle-A   50 kmph
1.2 / 60
50  40  60  54  45 1

5 Speed of vehicle-B   40 kmph
1.5 / 60
(Vt) = 49.8 kmph
1
Vs  space mean speed Speed of vehicle-C   35.3 kmph
1.7 / 60
1 1 1 1 1 1 Average travel speed
    
V 50 40 60 54 45 50  40  35.3
V = 9.76 (Vt ) 
3
Vs = V  n = 9.76  5 = 48.80 kmph = 41.8 kmph
n
Space mean speed (Vs ) 
1 
02. Ans: (a)  
 vi 
Sol:
3
Mid-pt 
Frequency 1 1 1
Speed Range spe  
PCU/h qv q/v 50 40 35.3
(m/s) ed
r (q) = 40.91 kmph
(V)
2.5 1 3.5 3.5 0.29
04. Ans: 4037
7.5 4 7.5 30 0.533
q
11.5 0 11.5 0 0 Sol: Design flow rate 
pHF
15.5 7 15.5 108.5 0.45
12 142.0 1.273 q
PHF 
4(q 15 )

Volume during peak 15 min (q15) = 1000 06. Ans: (c)

Peak hour volume (q) V2
Sol: SSD  0.278 Vt 
= 700 + 812 + 1000 + 635 254 f
= 3147 65 2
 0.278  65  2.5 
3147 254  0.4
PHF   0.78 = 86.7 m
4  1000
S  SSD  L  86.7  5  91.7 m
3147
 Design flow rate   4037 veh / hr
0.78 1000 V 1000  65
C   708.83 veh / hr / lane
S 91.7
05.
Sol:
07. Ans: (b)
Total frequency = 100
Sol: t  0.7 Assume
10
% frequency =  100  1
1000 SSD  0.278 Vt = 12.77 m
(i) 85th percentile speed is considered as a safe S  SSD  L
speed from graph V85 = 65 kmph 1000 V
th C  3130 veh / hr
(ii) 98 percentile speed is considered as a S
design speed from graph V98 = 85 kmph
(iii) 15th percentile speed is considered as a 08. Ans: (b)
minimum speed on the highway from graph Sol: S = SSD + L =20+6 = 26 m
V15=35 kmph 1000 V 1000  40

C   1538 veh / hr / lane
S 26
09. Ans: (c)

Sol:
Given standard deviation (SD) = 8.8kmph
mean speed x  33kmph
SD 8.8
Coefficient of variation  
x 33
= 0.2666

10. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (d)

Sol: Sol:
q = uk Vsf = 80 kmph
 k kj = 100 veh /km

U = Usf 1  
Vsf  k j 80  100
 k j  Q max    2000 veh / hr
4 4
 k  k2 
 q = U sf 1   k  U sf k   Vsf
 k j   k j  Vs = (the speed corresponding to
2
dq 80
For max traffic flow ; 0 Qmax is Vs max) =  40 kmph
dk 2
dq  2k 
 U sf 1    0
dk  k j  12. Ans: 32.6
Sol: qm = 1700 veh/hr
2k
1– 0 1000 1000
kj km =  = 181.81
S 5.5
kj = 2k
V  km 
q m   m    Vsf
 2  2 
Usf = 70 km/hr 37.4
V   181.81 
1700   m   
 2  2  V
1000 1000
kj  
s 7 Vm = 37.40 kmph
k = kj/2 For q = 1000 veh/hr k kj
181.81
 k2   k Vm
q = U sf k    U sf k   tan  =
k j  2 km
 
37.4
V  (181.81  K )
k k  181.81
= U sf  j  j 
 2 4 For normal condition
k  q = V.K
= U sf  j 
 4 1000 
37.4
 (181.81  K )  K
181.81
1000 1
q = 70   4860.96 = (181.81K)K
7 4
= 2500 veh/hr 4860.96 = 181.81 KK2
K = 149 veh/hr and K = 32.6 veh/km
13. Ans: 35.7 kmph 15. Ans: (b)

Sol: Vsf = 50 kmph  e  p 
tj = 70 veh/km 280 w 1  1  
Sol: Qp =  w  3 
Vsf  K j 50  70
q max    875 veh / hr 1 w
L
4 4
K = 20 veh/km w = 14 m; e = 8.4 m
Kj Kj K L = 35 m
 Crossing traffic
Vsf V0 p=
Total traffic
70 70  20
  V  35.7 kmph
50 V 1000
=  0.5
2000
14. Ans: 1268 veh/hr  8.4  0.5 
280  141  1  
Sol:  14  3 
V Qp 
1  14
Vmax 35
30 = 3733.33 PCU/hr
K
30 Kmax
16. Ans: 2064.10 veh/hr
Sol: w = 6m ; p = 0.5
Vmax 30kmph L = 20 m ; e = 5.5 m

K max (130  30)  5.5   0.5 
280  6 1  1
Kmax = 130 veh/km  6   3 
=
30 6
Vmax   130 1
130  30 20
= 39 kmph Qp = 2064.10 veh / hr

 V  K 
K max   max  max 
 2  2 
17. Ans: 0.8%
39 130 weaving traffic
  Sol: Weaving ratio =
2 2 total traffic
≃ 1268 veh/hr V13  V24  V43
=
V13  V23  V24  V14  V43  V21
450  1090  600  310

=
450  200  1090  412  600  310
Weaving ratio = 0.80%
18. Ans: (b) gi

 Green Ratio
Sol: Co
1000  C = 2800  0.55
yN 
2500 
 y NS  0.4 = 1540 veh/hr
700 
yS  2
2500  Co  g 
1  i 
2  Co 
y  900  di =
V
E 3000  1 i
 y Ew  0.3 s
550 
yw 
3000  90
1  0.552
= 2 = 14.2 /veh
y = yNS + yEw 1000
1
2800
= 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7
L = 12 sec
21. Ans: (a)
1.5L  5 1.5  12  5
Co =  red time
1 y 1  0. 7 Sol: Average delay at red signal is
2
= 76.7 sec  77 sec 30

2
19. Ans: (d)
= 15 sec
Sol: y = 0.5 = ya+ yb
(or)
L = 10 sec Alternative Solution:
1.5L  5 1.5  10  5
Co=  = 40 sec
1 y 1  0.5
40
Cumulative arrival or departure
20. Ans: 14.23 /veh , 1540 veh/hr 30 Cumulative

(No. of vehicles)
arrival
g
Sol: C = S  20
Co
S  Saturation flow 10
Cumulative
Departure
gi  effective green time
0
Co  Cycle time/Optimum signal cycle 0 10 20 30 40 50
Time(s)
length

From fig: h  Time headway

The average delay = The area between g 
cumulative arrival and cumulative departure Capacity of lane, C = S   i 
 Co 
/Total no of vehicles (or) The hatched area in
above figure/total number of vehicles  28 
= 1500   
 60 
 The average delay
1 = 700 veh/hr/lane
5040  1 2040
= 2 2
40 24. Ans: (d)
1 1
= 50  20  25  10  15 sec Sol:
2 2
: Distance travelled by bicycle = 5 km
Time of travel, t = 40  15 = 25 min
22. Ans: (a)
Sol: Stop time = 15 min
Critical lane volume on major road is 5

Speed of bicycle = Vb  km / min
25
increased to 440 veh/hr/lane those for green
Let speed of stream is V km/min
time should be increased for major road and
Assume traffic density is the constant on the
it remains same for minor road. road (K = Constant).
q
but K 
23. Ans: (a) V
Sol: During journey relative speed of stream=V Vb
Green Time = 27 sec  5 
 V  
Yellow Time = 4 sec  25 
Total lost time, tL = Start up lost time  60 
 Vechicles / min
25
+Clearance lost time K  …….(1)
= 2 + 1 = 3 sec  5 
V  
 25 
Effective green time ; g = G + y  tL
= 27 + 4 3 = 28 sec
During stop (Vb = 0)
3600 3600
Saturation flow rate; S = =  45 
h 2.4  Vehicles / min
15 45
K   …….(2)
= 1500 veh/hr V 15V

Equating (1) & (2) q = 2133.33 veh/hr

 60   45  26. Ans: (c)
   
25
K     15   45 Sol: In R: 2,5 combination is possible 1,3 and 4,6
 5  V 15V
V   are not possible
 25 
27. Ans:
 5  Sol: Given:
0. 8   1  
 25V  Speed of the vehicle = 60 kmph
5 Amber duration = 4 sec
0.2 
25V Comfortable deceleration = 3m/sec2
5 Car length = 4.0 m
 V
25  0.2
Intersection width = 14
 V = 1 km/min
Longitudinal friction factor = 0.35
V = 60 km/hr Perception reaction time = 1.5 sec
When the vehicle reaches section A, he sees
25. Ans: 2133.33 veh/hr the amber right. Hear, two situation are
Sol: V = 80 – 0.75 K possible.
There are two possibilities
K
Kmax
SSD
14 m
Vmax
V
4m
Vmax occur, when K = 0

Vmax = 80 kmph (i) Driver decides to cross intersection:
Kmax occur when V = 0 Total distance to be covered
80 = SSD + 14 + 4.0
K max   106.67 veh / km
0.75 v2
SSD = (t) +
2 gf
 K  Vmax 
Capacity of road, q   max 
 4 
= 16.67 1.5 
16.67 2
2  9.81 0.35
106.67  80
q
4 = 65.47 m
Total distance to be covered

= 65.47 + 14 +4 = 83.47 m Chapter- 17
distance Geometric Design of Railway Track
Time required =
speed of vehicle
83.47 01. Ans: (b)
=
16.67 Sol:
= 5.0 sec > 4 sec Grade compensations on curves:
For BG : 0.04% per degree of curve
(ii) He decides to stop the vehicle time taken to
For MG: 0.03% per degree of curve
stop the vehicle after sighting the amber light.
For NG : 0.02% per degree of curve
= Reaction time + time taken to stop the
vehicle after application of brakes Therefore, in the present case, for 4 curve,
 5  the grade compensation is
 60   0 
= 1. 5   18  = 0.04 4 = 0.16%
 3 
 
 
= 1.5 +5.55 02. Ans: (d)
= 7.05 sec > 4 sec
Therefore, in both the situation, the required 03. Ans: (b)
duration is greater than the provided amber Sol:
duration hence the driver’s claim is correct.
1
Ruling gradient in % =  100  0.4%
250
28. Ans:
Grade compensation at 0.04% per degree of
Sol:
Probability that the gap is greater than 8 sec Curve = 0.04 3 = 0.12%
P (h  t) = e–t Compensated gradient = 0.4  0.12
 = rate of arrival per second = 0.28%
900 0.28 1
  0.25  
3600 100 357
t = 8 sec
P (h 8) = e–0.25  8
04. Ans: (a) 05. Ans: (c)
P (h  8) = 0.1353

06. Ans: (c) Compensated gradient

h
Sol: l/2 l/2 = 0.67  0.16
(2rh)
= 0.51%
0.51 1
 
From circle property, 100 196
 
.  h 2r  h 
2 2 09. Ans: (a)
2
 2rh  h 2
4 10. Ans: (b)
2
h is neglected (being very small) Sol: Grade compensation = 2  0.04 %
2 = 0.08%
 h
8r
Stipulated ruling gradient = 0.5%
Steepest gradient = 0.5%  0.08%
07. Ans: (a)
1
Sol:  0.42% 
238
Grade compensation = 2  0.04 %
= 0.08% 11. Ans: 91.26 kmph
Stipulated ruling gradient = 0.5% Sol: Given, D = 2
Steepest gradient = 0.5%  0.08% 1720 1720
R 
1 D 2
 0.42% 
238 R = 860 mm
08. Ans: (c) The “weighted average” of different trains at
different speeds is calculated from the
Sol:
equation
Curve resistance = 0.04%  D
n 1 V1  n 2 V2  n 3 V3  n 4 V4
Weighted average =
= 0.04  4 = 0.16% n1  n 2  n 3  n 4
1 15  50  10  60  5  70  2  80
Ruling gradient = V
150 15  10  5  2
1 V = 58.125 kmph
  100 = 0.67%
150
GV 2 1.676  58.125 2 (a) Based on arbitrary gradient of 1 in 720

e 
127 R 127  860 L = 7.20  e
= 0.0518 m L = 7.20  12 = 86.4cm
= 5.18 cm
Theoretical cant = Equilibrium cant + cant (b) Based on rate of change of cant deficiency
deficiency L = 0.073 DVmax
= 5.18 + 7.60 L = 0.073  7.6  85
= 12.78 cm L = 47.158cm
2
GV
e=
127 R (c) Based on rate of change of super elevation
12.78 1.676  V 2 L = 0.073e Vmax

100 127  860 L = 0.073  12  85
V = 91.26 kmph L = 74.46cm
 Take maximum L = 86.4cm
According to railway boards Speed formula
V  4.35 R  67
V  4.35 860  67 Chapter- 18
Airport Runway and Taxiway
V  122.5 kmph
design
Hence maximum permissible speed
(i.e lower of the two value) is 91.26 kmph
01. Ans: (d)
12. Ans: 86.4 m Sol:
The runway length after being corrected for
Sol:
elevation and temperature should further be
e = 12cm
increased at the rate of 20% for every 1 % of
Vmax = 85 kmph
the effective gradient for 0.5%, 10% should
D = 7.6 cm (BG)
be increased.
Length of transition curves maximum of
So runway length after correction of
following:
temperature and elevation
 2845 
= 2845 + 10  = 3129.5 ≃ 3130 m
 100 

02. Ans: (c) 06. A runway is located 450 m above the

Sol: Runway elevation = 1000 m (above msl) mean sea level. If the aeroplane reference
Airport reference temperature (ART) = field is 1800 m, what is the approximate
16C corrected runway length for elevaton?
(a) 1849 m (b) 1889 m
Airport standard temperature(AST)
(c) 1987 m (d) 2013 m
= standard temperature at msl 6.5C for 1
km height above msl
06. Ans: (c)
AST = 15 6.5 = 8.5C Sol: As per ICAO recommendations the basic
Rise in temperature as per runway length increased at a rate of 7% for
ICAO = 16 8.5 = 7.5C 300 rise in elevation above msl.
For 300 m  7%
7  450
03. Ans: (a) Then 450 m  10.5%
300
Sol:
Corrected length of runway
Airport reference temperature,
10.5
2T  Tm 240   49 = 1800   1800 = 1987 m
ART  a   43C 100
3 3
07. Ans: 4 km
04. Ans: (a)
Sol: Runway length = 2460 m
Sol:
Correction for elevation (ICAO)
Wind coverage is the time in a year of time
during which cross wind component is as
minimum as possible. 300 m  7%
486  x
05. Ans: (d) x = 11.34 %
Sol:
corrected length after elevation correction
Airport reference temperature
11.34
2T  Tm   2460  2460
ART  a 100
3
= 2738.964 m
2  25  40 correction for temperature

 = 30C
3
T2  T1 08. Ans: 400 m

ART  T1 
3 Sol:
 30.2 
46.3  30.2 (i) Horonjeff’s equation:
3 0.388 w 2
R
ART = 35.57 0.5T  S
0.388  17.7 2
Temperature gradient 1000  6.5  = 55.51 m
 6.62 
486  x 0.5(23)   6  
 2 
x = 3.159
(ii) Turning radius
Temperature @ airport @ 486 m elevation
V2
= 15  3.159 = 11.841 R
125f
1% increase in length for 1 above std 80 2
 = 393.85 m
temperature. (3.5057 11.841) = 23.729 125  0.13
1%    change (iii) The minimum radius of sub sonic
x(35.57  11.84%) aircraft is 135 m
x = 23.73 Turning radius = Maximum of three
conditions
23.729
Correction =  2738.964  2738.964 = 393.85 m
100
R ≈ 400 m
= 3388.89 m
Correction for effective gradient
09. The length of a runway under standard
20  1 conditions is 2100m. The airport is to be
x  0.75, x = 15% provided at an elevation of 410 m above
Total runway length = 1.15  3388.89 the mean sea level. The airport
reference temperature is 32. Final length
= 3897.22 m
of runway?
≃ 4000 m = 4 km 09. Ans: 2753.455
Sol: Runway length = 2100 m
Correction for elevation
300  7 %
410  X

x = 9.57% 280 – x
Corrected length after elevation correction x = 6.53%
9.57 6.53
correction   2100  2100 correction = 1640   1640
100 100
= 2300.97 m
= 1747.15 m
Correction for temp correction
Correction for temperature (ICAO)
ART = 32
ART = 33.5C m
Temp gradient
Temperature gradient
1000  6.5
1000 m  6.5
410  x
x = 2.665 280 m  x
Temp @ airport @ 410 m elevation x = 1.82

15  2.665 Temp @ airport @ 280 m elevation
12.335
= 15  1.82
1%   1 change
= 13.18
x = (32  12.335)
1% increase in length for 1 above standard
19.665
correction =  2300.97 +2300.97
100 temperature (33.5  13.18)
= 2753.455 = 20.32 (33.5 13.18) x
x = 20.32
10. Ans: 2253.5 m
20.32
Sol: Length of runway = 1640 m Correction =  1797.15  1797.15
100
Elevation = 280 m
= 2102.17 m
Reference temperature = 33.5C
Effective gradient = 0.2%
Correction for Elevation (ICAO)

For 300 m – 7 %

Chainage Gradient Elevation  286  280 

Effective gradient =    100
0 – 280 m  1640 
= 0.36%
300 +1% (280 +0.01300) = 283
0. 5
900 –0.5% 283–  600 = 280 20% 1%
100
x  0.36%
0.5
1500 +0.5 280 +  690 = 283 x = 7.2%
100
Total length of runway = 1.072 2102.17
1800 +1 283 + 0.01300 = 286
= 2253.5 m
0. 5
2100 –0.5 286 –  300 = 284.5
100
284.5–
2700 0.4 0.4
 600  282.1
100
282.1–
3000 –0.1 0.1
 300  281.8
100

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Number of with population

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Common data for Questions 01 & 02

02. Ans: (d) Chapter- 5

03. Ans: (b) 07.

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08. For a driver with 6/9 vision (with defective

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02. Ans: (d) 05. Ans: (d)

Common data for Questions 06 & 07

u = 100 kmph S = (0.7 Vb + l) = 17.67 m

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Common data for Questions 04 to 06

E = e w = 0.031  7 = 0.22 m 06. Ans: (c)

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09. Ans: (a) 03. Ans: (c)

01. Ans: (d)

02. Ans: (c)

Width of pavement is not indicated  180 S 180  125

05. Ans: (c) 02.

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04. Ans: (a)

Considering N value 2.7 V 2 2.7  80 2

02. Ans: (d) 01. Ans: (b)

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02. Ans: (d) 06. Ans: (b)

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03. Ans: (a)

01. Ans: (c)

1 1 200  30  k 2 75

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02. Ans: (b)

2268 1 465 1465 = 465

Consider the standard axle load = 2268

Total number of vehicles, A = 4143 cv/day

05. Ans: 1.26

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Common data for Questions 04 & 05

3(1  ) l   no. of bars

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08. Ans: (a)

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Volume during peak 15 min (q15) = 1000 06. Ans: (c)

V15=35 kmph 1000 V 1000  40

09. Ans: (c)

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10. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (d)

 k kj = 100 veh /km

13. Ans: 35.7 kmph 15. Ans: (b)

= 39 kmph Qp = 2064.10 veh / hr

450  1090  600  310

18. Ans: (b) gi

20. Ans: 14.23 /veh , 1540 veh/hr 30 Cumulative

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From fig: h  Time headway

Critical lane volume on major road is 5

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Equating (1) & (2) q = 2133.33 veh/hr

Vmax occur, when K = 0

Total distance to be covered

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06. Ans: (c) Compensated gradient