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Function of the Digestive System The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption.

Digestion is the
breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system is divided
into two major parts: •The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and
the anus. It includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Food passing
through the internal cavity, or lumen, of the digestive tract does not technically enter the body until it is absorbed
through the walls of the digestive tract and passes into blood or lymphatic vessels. •Accessory organs include the
teeth and tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The treatment of food in the digestive system
involves the following seven processes: 1. Ingestion is the process of eating. 2. Propulsion is the movement of food
along the digestive tract. The major means of propulsion is peristalsis, a series of alternating contractions and
relaxations of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs and that forces food to move forward. 3.
Secretion of digestive enzymes and other substances liquefies, adjusts the pH of, and chemically breaks down the
food. 4. Mechanical digestion is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces. This process
begins with the chewing of food and continues with the muscular churning of the stomach. Additional churning
occurs in the small intestine through muscular constriction of the intestinal wall. This process, called segmentation,
is similar to peristalsis, except that the rhythmic timing of the muscle constrictions forces the food backward and
forward rather than forward only. 5. Chemical digestion is the process of chemically breaking down food into
simpler molecules. The process is carried out by enzymes in the stomach and small intestines. 6. Absorption is the
movement of molecules (by passive diffusion or active transport) from the digestive tract to adjacent blood and
lymphatic vessels. Absorption is the entrance of the digested food (now called nutrients) into the body. 7. Defecation
is the process of eliminating undigested material through the anus.

Maui Jullian
Fun facts about the digestive system 1. The average person produces 2 pints of saliva every day. That is 32 ounces,
or 2 cans of soda. 2. The muscles in your esophagus act like a giant wave. That is what moves food or drinks down
to your stomach. This wave action is called peristalsis. 3. The second part of your small intestine is called the
jejunum. That’s just fun to say! 4. Enzymes in your digestive system are what separate food into the different
nutrients that your body needs. 5. The gut-brain axis is the close bond that exists between the digestive system and
your brain. Emotions (including stress) and brain disorders affect how your body digests food.

Maui Jullian
Disease Cholera Cholera, an acute infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and
characterized by extreme diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts. Cholera has often rise n
to epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, particularly in India and Bangladesh. In the past two
centuries, seven pandemics (global epidemics) of cholera have carried the disease to countries around the
world.Cholera is a disease that can incite populations to panic. Its reputation as a fierce and unrelenting killer is a
deserved one. It has been responsible for the deaths of millions, for economic losses of immense magnitude, and for
the disruption of the very fabric of society in all parts of the world. In spite of the chaos that it continues to generate,
cholera is perhaps the best understood of the modern plagues. The organism that causes it has been studied
extensively for well over a century; its modes of transmission have been identified; and safe, effective, and
inexpensive interventions for both preventing infection and treating clinical illness have been developed.
Appendicitis Appendicitis, inflammation of the appendix, the closed-end tube attached to the cecum, the first region
of the large intestine. While some cases are mild and may resolve on their own, most require the removal of the
inflamed appendix through abdominal surgery (usually via laparotomy or laparoscopny), often leaving a small scar
or scars. If untreated, there is a high risk of peritonitis, in which the inflamed appendix bursts; shock and death can
result.

Maui Jullian
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Maui Jullian
Major organs and function Mouth The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract; and, in fact, digestion starts here
when taking the first bite of food. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva
mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use. Esophagus
Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the esophagus receives food from your mouth when you
swallow. By means of a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to your
stomach. Stomach The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with
enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the lining of the stomach
secrete a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown process. When the contents of the
stomach are sufficiently processed, they are released into the small intestine. Small intestine Made up of three
segments - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum - the small intestine is a 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down
food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. Peristalsis also is at work in this organ, moving
food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum is largely
responsible for the continuous breaking-down process, with the jejunum and ileum mainly responsible for
absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Contents of the small intestine start out semi-solid, and end in a liquid
form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes, and mucous contribute to the change in consistency.
Once the nutrients have been absorbed and the leftover-food residue liquid has passed through the small intestine, it
then moves on to the large intestine, or colon. Pancreas The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum,
the first segment of the small intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas
also makes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone for metabolizing sugar.
Liver The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients
absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in
digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body's chemical "factory." It takes the raw materials absorbed by the
intestine and makes all the various chemicals the body needs to function. The liver also detoxifies potentially
harmful chemicals. It breaks down and secretes many drugs.

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Gallbladder The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help absorb and
digest fats. Colon (large intestine) The colon is a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the
rectum. The large intestine is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the
descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. The appendix is a small tube attached
to the cecum. The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for processing waste so that
emptying the bowels is easy and convenient. Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is passed through
the colon by means of peristalsis, first in a liquid state and ultimately in a solid form. As stool passes through the
colon, water is removed. Stool is stored in the sigmoid (S-shaped) colon until a "mass movement" empties it into the
rectum once or twice a day. It normally takes about 36 hours for stool to get through the colon. The stool itself is
mostly food debris and bacteria. These bacteria perform several useful functions, such as synthesizing various
vitamins, processing waste products and food particles, and protecting against harmful bacteria. When the
descending colon becomes full of stool, or feces, it empties its contents into the rectum to begin the process of
elimination. Rectum The rectum (Latin for "straight") is an 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. It is
the rectum's job to receive stool from the colon, to let the person know that there is stool to be evacuated, and to
hold the stool until evacuation happens. When anything (gas or stool) comes into the rectum, sensors send a message
to the brain. The brain then decides if the rectal contents can be released or not. If they can, the sphincters relax and
the rectum contracts, disposing its contents. If the contents cannot be disposed, the sphincter contracts and the
rectum accommodates so that the sensation temporarily goes away. Anus The anus is the last part of the digestive
tract. It is a 2-inch long canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincters (internal and
external). The lining of the upper anus is specialized to detect rectal contents. It lets you know whether the contents
are liquid, gas, or solid. The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles that are important in allowing control of stool.
The pelvic floor muscle creates an angle between the rectum and the anus that stops stool from coming out when it
is not supposed to. The internal sphincter is always tight, except when stool enters the rectum. It keeps us continent
when we are asleep or otherwise unaware of the presence of stool. When we get an urge to go to the bathroom, we
rely on our external sphincter to hold the stool until reaching a toilet, where it then relaxes to release the contents.

Mhykel
@Gio Llanos kaya mo ga iedit? Wala ako sa bauan e andun laptop
3:57 PM
heg ako na
geh

Mhykel
Agahan ko na lang pasok
5:25 PM

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