EEET2274/ EEET2337

Electrical Energy Conversion

Three Phase Diode & SCR Rectifiers

Professor Grahame Holmes

Dr Richardt Wilkinson
 3 Phase Diode Rectifier
IA L IDC
1 3 5
c
a
R VDC
IC ib
ia
b
4 6 2

IB

VDC
ID1
IDC
Ia
ωt
4π/3 5π/3 2π
π/3 2π/3 π

Reverse
Voltage
ID4 Diode D1

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 3 Phase Diode Rectifier – Simulation Investigation

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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – R load
VDC
ID1
IDC
Ia
ωt
4π/3 5π/3 2π
π/3 2π/3 π

Reverse
Voltage
ID4 Diode D1

π 6
π
∫
V 6 3Vm 3 3Vm 3 2Vl − l
Vdc = m 3 cos ωt dωt = sin = = = 1.35Vl − l
π 6 π 6 π π
0
π 6 π 6 1
3Vm2 3Vm2 (1 + cos 2ωt ) dωt = 1 1 3  2
Vrms = ∫ cos ωt dωt =
π 6 ∫

3Vm + = 1.352Vl − l
2
π 6 2 2 π 6 8 
0 0  

Vrms 1.352
FF = = = 100.09%
Vdc 1.352

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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – RL load
Current is continuous, and cyclic over 600. Time varying expression for
current is given by

−ωt
i (ωt ) = cos(ωt − θ ) + A3 ph e τ
2Vl − l
Z
ωL
−π 6 ≤ ωt ≤ π 6 θ = tan −1
R
ωL
τ= Z = R 2 + (ωL )
2
R

Find A3ph by recognising that i (− π 6) = i (π 6)

+π −π
2Vl − l  π  6 2Vl − l π  6
cos − − θ  + A3 ph e τ = cos − θ  + A3 ph e τ
Z  6  Z 6 
2Vl − l  π   π   π 6 −π 6 
 cos − θ  − cos − − θ   = A3 ph  e τ −e τ 
Z  6   6   
−1
2Vl − l sin θ  π 6 −π 6 
A3 ph =  e τ −e τ 
Z  

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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – Source inductance
IDC
IDC L IDC
Ls causes γ delay start of Vc
Ls 1 3 5

next cycle until input current Va

reverses. Assume constant R VDC
load current to simplify Ls
Vb ic
analysis 2

Ls
KVL equation Boundary Conditions

dib (ωt )
2Vl − l sin (ωt ) = 2ωLs 0 ≤ ωt ≤ γ ib (γ ) = I DC =
2Vl − l
[1 − cos(γ )]
dωt 2ωLs
 2ωLs I DC 
ib (ωt ) =
2Vl − l
[1 − cos(ωt )] ib (0) = 0 γ = cos−1 1 − 
2ωLs 
 2Vl − l 

DC Voltage loss
γ
3ωLs 3ωLs
sin ωt dωt = l − l [1 − cos(γ )] = I DC
∫
2Vl − l 1 V
δVdc = Vdc = 1.35Vl − l − I DC
π 3 2 2π 3 π π
0

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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – Cap filter (vB const)
di
2Vl − l cos ωt = Ri + ωL + vB
dωt

Discontinuous Conduction

3 π π
vB > 2Vl − l > 1.5Vm − λ < ωt < δ , λ < , δ <
2 6 6

i (ωt ) = cos(ωt − θ ) + A3Bd e −ωt tan θ − B

2Vl − l v
Z R
 v  λ
i (− λ ) = 0 cos(− λ − θ ) + B e tan θ
2Vl − l
A3Bd = −
 Z R 

i (δ ) = cos(δ − θ ) + A3Bd e −δ
2Vl − l tan θ vB
− =0
Z R
 vB 
Solve numerically, check for δ < π 6 − λ = − cos−1  
 2V 
 l −l 
Use previous approaches for Vav and Iav

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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – Cap filter (vB const)

Discontinuous Conduction
X:50 Hz Y:471.604 mVrms

0Hz 800Hz

Input current and harmonics for a three phase diode rectifier with capacitor load
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 Three Phase Diode Rectifier – Cap filter (vB const)
di
2Vl − l cos ωt = Ri + ωL + vB
dωt

Continuous Conduction

vB = 1.35Vl − l −π 6 ≤ ωt ≤ π 6

Solve similar to RL load (with constant battery voltage)

−ωt
i (ωt ) = cos(ωt − θ ) + A3Bc e τ − B
2Vl − l v
Z R

i (− π 6) = i (π 6)
+π −π
2Vl − l  π  6 v 2Vl − l π  6 vB
cos − − θ  + A3Bc e τ − B = cos − θ  + A3Bc e τ −
Z  6  R Z 6  R

Solve for A3Bc

RMIT EEET2274/2337 Energy Conversion Systems 3ph rectifiers 2017 V1 9

 3 Phase SCR Rectifier
IA L IDC
1 3 5
c
a
R VDC
IC ib
ia
b
4 6 2

IB

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 3 Phase SCR Rectifier – Simulation Investigation

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 Three Phase SCR Rectifier – Constant IDC load

π 6 +α

∫
Vm
Vdc = 3 cos ωt dωt
π 3
− π6+ α

=
3 3Vm
[sin(π 6 + α ) − sin (− π 6 + α )]
π
3 3Vm
= cosα
π
= 1.35Vl − l cosα

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 Three Phase SCR Rectifier – RL load
Current is continuous, and cyclic over 600. Time varying expression for
current is given by

−ωt
i (ωt ) = cos(ωt − θ ) + A3 ph e τ
2Vl − l
Z
ωL
−π 6 + α ≤ ωt ≤ π 6 + α θ = tan −1
R
ωL
τ= Z = R 2 + (ωL )
2
R

Find A3ph,scr by recognising that i (− π 6 + α ) = i (π 6 + α )

+π 6 −α −π 6 −α
2Vl − l  π  2Vl − l π 
cos − + α − θ  + A3 ph , scr e τ = cos + α − θ  + A3 ph , scr e τ
Z  6  Z 6 
2Vl − l  π   π   π 6 −α −π 6 − α 
 cos + α − θ  − cos − + α − θ   = A3 ph , scr  e τ −e τ 
Z  6   6   
−1
2Vl − l sin (θ − α )  π 6 −α −π 6 −α 
A3 ph =  e τ −e τ 
Z  

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 Three Phase SCR Rectifier – Source inductance
IDC
IDC L IDC
Ls causes γ delay start of Vc
Ls 1 3 5

next cycle until input current Va

reverses. Assume constant R VDC
load current to simplify Ls
Vb ic
analysis 2

Ls
KVL equation Boundary Conditions

dib (ωt ) α ≤ ωt ≤ α + γ
2Vl − l sin (ωt ) = 2ωLs ib (α + γ ) = I DC =
2Vl − l
[cosα − cos(α + γ )]
dωt 2ωLs
ib (ωt ) =
2Vl − l
[cosα − cos(ωt )] ib (α ) = 0 
γ = cos−1  cosα −
2ωLs I DC 
−α
2ωLs 
 2Vl −l 

DC Voltage loss
α +γ
[cos(α ) − cos(α + γ )] = I DC 3ωLs 3ωLs
∫α
2Vl − l 1 Vl − l
δVdc = sin ωt dωt = Vdc = 1.35Vl − l cosα − I DC
π 3 2 2π 3 π π

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 Three Phase SCR Rectifier & Inverter, Constant IDC
α α
vd α < 90o vd α = 90o
Vd > 0
√2VLL Vd = 0
√2VLL
Vd

0
π ωt 0 π ωt

√2VLL
α > 90o
Vd < 0 (inverter mode of operation)

0
π ωt
Vd

vd

Three-phase thyristor bridge converter with a dc current-source load – dc output

voltage waveforms for different delay angles.
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Three Phase SCR Rectifier & Inverter, Constant IDC

α vab Vdc vab

Vdc(av)

ia
Idc Idc

Vdc
ia

(a): Rectifying Mode (5o < α < 90o) (b) Inverting Mode (90o < α < 170o)
Three Phase 6 Step SCR Bridge, Rectifying and Inverting Modes

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Three Phase SCR Rectifier & Inverter, Constant VDC

(a): Rectifying Mode (α = 70o) (b) Inverting Mode (α = 120o)

Three Phase 6 Step SCR Bridge, Rectifying and Inverting Modes with Dc Motor

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