1) EXPLAIN HOW TOURISM IS AN INDUSTRY.

ANSWER-1 (OPTION-1)

WHAT IS AN INDUSTRY :-

 Well (1989) defines an industry as“ a number of firms that produce similar goods and services and
therefore are in competition with one another”.
 For instance, the steel industry is defined by the steel products they produce.

HOW ABOUT TOURISM INDUSTRY? :-

 Many businesses and other types of tourism organizations offer complementary rather than competing
products and services. An airline, hotel, restaurant, travel agency, and attraction do not compete with
each other. They complement each other and combine to offer visitors a satisfying vacation or business
trip.
 The input and output can not be clearly identified.
 Besides there is no single industry code for tourism under the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS)
 Macroeconomists point out that the recognition of tourism as an industry can lead to double counting
because standard industry classifications fully account for all elements of the economy without finding it
necessary or appropriate to recognize tourism.

TOURISM INDUSTRY :-

 Unlike other industries that are defined by the products and services they produce (the supply side), the
tourism industry is defined from a demand side perspective.
 A tourism industry supplies products and services to tourists.
 The Tourism Industry is defined as individuals, businesses & organizations that are working to provide
product & services (including information) to tourists.
 They include those that work in transportation, lodging, entertainment and food & beverage.

THE TOURISM INDUSTRY :-

 Tourism is based on difference

 Leisure activities presuppose their opposite, namely the existence of regulated and organized work.
 For tourists the visited places are “free” of work, services are supplied which free the consumer from the
daily burdens.
 The strict time constraints imposed by working relationship are released; tourists live within a different
time frame.
 Tourism places are places, where tourism attractions are assumed to be unique, different from the
everyday environment.
 Tourists have to travel to the place of consumption
 Tourists are not able to test the product in advance; Information is the only means, which can close this
gap.
ANSWER - 2 (OPTION-2)

Tourism is the largest export industry in the world. International tourism isthe largest single item in the world’s
foreign trade and for some countriesit is already the most important export industry and earner of
foreignexchange. The impact of tourism on national economies is becomingincreasingly important today because
of the growing size of the touristmarket. It is recognized so by the World Bank and the World TourismOrganisation.
27 September has been earmarked as World Tourism Day.

Tourism is the world’s largest export industry today. According to WorldTourism Organisation international tourist
traffic in 1997 was 613 millionwhich generated receipts of about US$444.0 billion. It is estimated thattourism
accounts for about 8 percent of the total world exports and morethan 30 percent of international trade in services.
It is also estimated thattravel and tourism provide employment to 212 million peoples directly or indirectly
accounting for about 10.7 percent global work force.The travel and tourism sector creates more jobs per million
rupees of investment than any other sector of the economy and is capable of providing employment to a wide
spectrum of seekers from the unskilled tothe specialized, even in the remote parts of the country
14. DEFINE AND DESCRIBED THE VARIOUS TYPE OF TOURISM.

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN & DESTINY

1) Incoming Tourism
2) Outgoing Tourism
3) Internal Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF MOVEMENT PATTERNS

1) Residential Tourism
2) Seasonal Tourism
3) Roving Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF THE SEASONAL CHARACTER OF TOURISM

1) Winter Tourism
2) Summer Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF INCENTIVES

1) Recreational Tourism
2) Pleasure Tourism
3) Sporting Tourism
4) Business Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECT

1) Self financing Tourism

2) Social tourism

ON THE BASIS OF RANGE

1) Domestic Tourism
2) International Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF PURPOSE OF VISIT

1) Holiday Tourism
2) Conference Tourism/Business Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF COMMON INTEREST

1) VFR
2) Study /Research Tourism
3) Religious Tourism
4) Rest and Relaxation

ON THE BASIS OF SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

1) Mass Tourism
 2) Popular Tourism
3) Social Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF TOURISM PRODUCT

1) Mass Tourism
2) Alternative Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF ACTIVITY

1) Adventure Tourism
2) Eco Tourism
3) Beach Tourism
4) Sightseeing Tourism
5) Cruise Tourism
6) Medical Tourism

ON THE BASIS OF LOCATION

1) Coastal
2) Rural
3) City/Urban
4) Mountain
5) Lake

ON THE BASIS OF DURATION OF TRIP & DISTANCE TRAVELLED

1) Day Trip
2) Weekend Break
3) Annual Holiday
4) Business

15. LIST AND BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE SOCIO CULTURAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TOURISM DEVELOPMENT.

WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM?

1) create pride in traditions
2) bring higher standard of livings
3) bring improvement to the infrastructure, transport, health services and recreational places.
4) bring historical preservation.

WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM?

1) globalization : tourists look for well known hotels and food brands .
2) erosion of traditions as some locals imitate tourist behavior
3) culture clash, some tourists fail to respect locals customs and traditions
4) crimes like robbery and drug dealing.
Dimensions of Tourism

All tourism activities are related to one or more of the following dimensions of tourism.

ATTRACTIONS: Are the primary motivation for traveling. They may be a primary destination such as Disney World
or secondary destination which are interesting places to visit on the way to your primary destination. Most tourist
traveling from the east to go to Las Vegas will stopover at the Grand Canyon national Park on the way. Attractions
usually focus on natural resources, culture, ethnicity or entertainment.

NATURAL RESOURCES: Natural resources are the combination of physical features (Yosemite National Park,
California), the climate (Vail, Colorado), and the natural beauty of the area (Acadia National Park, Maine). The
challenge to managing natural resources based tourism is to preserve the natural resource from the impact of the
tourist's.

CULTURE: A way of life which is observed through a peoples religion, history, government and traditions.

Ethnicity: To visit family and friends.

ENTERTAINMENT: Tourism developments of all sizes from Disney World, Universal Studios, Las Vegas to local
community Special Events and Festivals such as the Bloomsday Road Race in Spokane, Washington.

X-TREME TOURISM: Tourism based on high adventure activities (See Whirlwind Tourism)