Transfer of heat

What is meant by transfer of heat. How many methods by which heat transfers?

Transfer of Heat:

Transfer of heat is a natural process. It continues all the times from hot
body to cold body as long as the bodies remains in thermal contact.

Methods

1) Conduction 2) Convection 3) Radiation

What is meant by conduction?

Conduction:

The mode of transfer of heat by vibrating atoms and free electrons in solids
from hot to cold parts of a body is called conduction of heat.

Differentiate b/w conductors and insulators?

Conductors: Insulators:

The substances through which heat The substance through which heat does not easily

Flows easily are called conductors. Flows are called bad conductors or insulators.

Examples: All metals are Examples: Wood, Wool, Glass and Rubber

good conductors of Heat.

Why Styrofoam boxes are used to keep food hot or ice cream cold for long time?

Because Styrofoam is a bad conductor of heat. That’s why it does not allow heat to
leave or enter the box easily.

Define rate of flow of heat?

The amount of heat that flows in unit time is called the rate of flow of heat.
 𝑄
Rate of flow of heat =
𝑇

What is meant by thermal conductivity? On what factors it depends.

Thermal Conductivity:

“The rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a meter cube of a
substance maintained at a temperature difference of one Kelvin is called thermal conductivity
of that substance”.

𝑄 𝐿
Formula: K= ×
𝑡 𝐴(𝑇1 −𝑇2 )

Factors:

1) Cross sectional area 2) Length 3) Temperature

How can we save energy. Discuss some measures to save energy.

 Hot water tanks are insulated by plastic foam lagging.

 Wall cavities are filled with plastic foam wool.
 Ceiling of rooms is covered by insulating material.
 Double glazed windows panes are used. Which have air b/w glass sheets that provides good
insulation.

For what purpose conductors are used?

Conductors are used when quick transfer of heat is required through a body. That’s why
cookers, cooking plate, boiler and radiators are made of metals such as aluminum or copper.

How can you say that water is poor conductors?

Water is a poor conductor. If we take water and ice in a test tube water at the top in the test
tube starts boiling after getting heat from the burner without melting ice.

Give some applications of bad conductors or insulators?

 Insulators are used in home utensils such as handles of sauce pans and spoons.
 Air is one of the bad conductor. That’s why cavity wall and double glazed windows keep the
house warm in winter and cool in summer.
 woollen clothe is ued to make warm winter clothes
 Wool, felt, polsytrenes and fibre glass are bad conductors. Some of them used to insulate
hot water cylinder. Ovens and refrigerators.
Differentiate between convection and radiation?

Convection:- Radiation:-
Transfer of heat by actual moments Transfer of heat from one place
Of molecules from hot place to a cold place is to another in the form of waves is called
Known as convection. Radiation