¡Peru ranks among the first 4

countries with the greatest diversity

Residuos y Efluentes
Agropecuarios Industriales
Peru

Dra. Gladys Carrión Carrera

UNALM, Peru
Lima, Abril 2014
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Outline
Introduction

Present Situation of the agricultural and

food industries in Peru

Perspectives of the Anaerobe Digestion

in Peru

Conclusion

2
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Peru Austrian
1.285.220 km² 83.871 km²
25,6 Mio inhabitants. 8 Mio. inhabitants
Agriculturally employed people 31 % Agriculturally employed people 3,1 %
(2,8 Mio.) (0,23 Mio. )
Waste production percapita 291 kg / Year Waste production percapita 510 kg / Year
country with thousand years of agricultural tradition
of high importance for the national economy
3
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Highland
Peru: Long agricultural tradition, starting at
the Inca times and with high importance for
the national economy

The Peruvian agriculture is based on

their Mega-diversity and the natural
resources available.

Peruvian agricultural regions

are: highland, Coasts and
rainforest
4
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Coast

Peru has one of the biggest fishing resources in

the world. Several times Peru was the first fish
meal producer in the world

5
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Rainforests Our biodiversity is rich. Peru ranks among
the first 4 countries with the greatest
diversity

6
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
The waste management systems in peru are in their initial phase
Typical waste situation in today´s Peru

7
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
In the Agricultural and agro-industrial sector waste management
is specially precarius...
Experiences with environmental technologies and
biotechnological processes of waste treatment at industrial level
hardly exist

22.01.10 1
8
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Without strict and specific legal regulation.
Experiences with environmental technologies and biotechnological
processes of waste treatment at industrial level hardly exist

9
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Without any environmental consciousness

10
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Objectives

Definition of the status quo of the Peruvian agriculture in regard to: biogenic waste,
specially livestock raising, poultry farming, slaughterhouses, breweries, fruit and
fish processing industries.

It has been proposed:

 Suitable strategies of biological waste-treatment with emphasis on
anaerobic processes
 implementation of an environmental program
 estimation of the potential for producing Biogas from biogenic wastes

11
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Austria as example

Standard of biotechnological waste treatment at

different levels is high in Austria.
aerobic, anaerobic and combined integrated
processes to treat solid/liquid and semi-solid
agricultural waste are highly developed due to the
research activities.
This is also shown in the legislation for agricultural
wastes

Industry Huber
(poulty production)

12
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Laboratory for
Analyses of biogenic
waste

Sampling in Composting plant,

Schwechat

13
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Biogasplant
(Substrate: Pig- and poultry
manure)

14
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Animal residues management
SARIA

In Austria: there is a functioning waste

management system with clear
regulations, order, and highly
consciousness which is reflected
especially in the factories and farms.

15
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
Results

16
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 There are no systems to handle the wastewater and
wastes of the agriculture and food industry

The Peruvian agriculture and food industry 17

Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 In terms of volume of production, most
important industry: fish industry.
The anchovies-fishing in Lima (anchoveta)
Water

Wastewater
Produced:
ca. 17 Mio. m³

Main producers of
Wastewater: fish
industry

For Fish meal production about 8 Mio. Ton Fresh fish were processed (ca.2 Mio. Ton Fish
meal) in 2005
18
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Viehbestand nach Spezies in Peru, 2005 (Quelle: Ministerium
für Landwirtschaft, Peru 2006), * (inklusive Import), k.W.: kein
Wert

Fleischproduktion andere tierische Produkte

Gesamtzahl (Ei, Wolle, Milch )
Spezies Stück Schlachttiere Stück
(in Tsd) Stück (t in Tsd) (in Tsd) (t)
(in Tsd)
Geflügel 99.255 367.025* 733.243 11.583 182.291
Rinder 5.241 1.076 153.109 690 1.329.335
Schweine 3.005 1.958 102.903 k.W. k.W
Schafe 14.822 2.686 33.686 6.305 10.882
Alpakas 3.598 333 8.867 1.996 3.597
Lamas 1.269 109 3.773 389 604

Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Manure of animal breeding,
Peru 2005

Wastewater production of
agroindustry in Peru

20
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 3. Results: Energy Potential from organic agricultural wastes
Waste useable energy
Waste amount TVS* Biogas CH4- CH4- energy
amount TS* TVS* (2005) (2005) Biogas- Content* content* heat elect. diesel
Substrate m³ t t Yield* m³ m³ MWh 2/3 1/3 equivalent
in Tsd % % TS in Tsd in Tsd m³/t TVS in Tsd % in Tsd MWh in Tsd in Barrels
1. Animal Production
Poultry manure 1.100 32 63-80 800 202 200-500 70.470 60 42.282 422.822 281.882 140.941 265.926
Cow Manure 20.000 25 68-76 16.600 2.988 210-300 761.940 60 457.164 4.571.640 3.047.760 1.523.880 2.875.245
Pig slurry 3.000 7 75-86 3.000 170 300-700 85.050 60-70 55.283 552.825 368.550 184.275 347.689
Guinea pig manure 0,3 90 84 0,28 0,28 k.W
2. Agro-industries
2.1 Slaughterhouses
Slaughter waste 15-18 80-84 140 19 680 12.881 58-62 7.728 77.283 51.522 25.761 48.606
Wastewater 10.613 10.613 n.n.
Poultry feather 93 96 37 33 n.n.
2.2 Fish processing
Wastewater 201 201 n.n.
2.3 Fruit processing
Fruit waste 25-45 90-95 74 24 590-660 14.973 65-70 9.733 97.327 64.885 32.442 61.212
1500- 42601 26.793
Waste water 165 3.7 70-75 165 4 2000 7.746 50-60 4260 28.401 14.299
2.4 Milk Industry
Whey 653 1-5 80-95 653 17 800-850 14.222 75-85 11.378 113.779 75.852 37.926 75.559
2.5 Breweries
Brewer grains 169 20-25 70-80 186 31 580-750 20.873 59-60 12.315 123.149 82.099 41.050 77.452
Waste water 3.029 3.029 n.n.
2.6 Fish Industry
Waste water 21.846 k.W k.W 21.846 n.n.
Total 6.001.427 3.774.482

The largest biogas production in the field of animal (cattle manure) theoretical gross biogas production corresponds to 3 million barrels of diesel

21
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Conclusions
 Peruvian Agriculture produces high levels of organic substrates with potential for the energy
production and recycling, as by-products and waste (solid, semisolid and liquid).
Theoretically Biogas estimated potential, firstly cattle manure (457.164 Tsd m³ CH4, 2005),
followed by pig manure (55.283 Tsd m³ CH4, 2005 ) and poultry manure (42.282 Tsd. m³ CH4,
2005).
 Most important agricultural activities in Peru: animal husbandry, poultry-, pig production,
slaughterhouses, fruit-, dairy-, fish processing and breweries

 Waste management in Peru is in the initial phases also environmental regulations, lack of
knowledge in environment.
Waste management in Agricultural and agro-industrial sector precarious
Definition of a technology for the biological treatment of solid waste presents one of the principal
aspects of the future environmental program for the Peruvian agriculture.
 Austria as example
Highly developed environmental technology (solid, air, and water wastes) especially in the area
of Agriculture
Anaerobic process to treat solid and liquid waste from agriculture highly developed.

22
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Conclusions

 Fish industry produces the most wastewater (60 %) (21.846 Tsd. m³), followed by slaughter
(29 %) and breweries (8 %)
In relation to the Slaughter the poultry produces 90% of the waste water (9,2 Mio. m3 )

 Establishment of an environmental program for Peruvian agriculture future:

three aspects: policy, in-factory and technological measures
In-factory and technological measures should be the competence of the ministry of agriculture and the
political measures belong to the Environmental ministry.

Part I of the program: Setting of the measure limits for water, soil protection based on the Austrian
wastewater emissions limits (data and values due to the research and experience) . This limits should in a
period of 15 years step by step be reached.

Part II of the program: Definition of the in-factory measures (via environmental education and reduction
of waste production).

Part III of the program: biotechnological use of fluid and solid wastes from the agriculture and agro-
industries.

23
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.
 Sipan Museum, Chiclayo
Peru

Thanks for your

attention …

24
Gladys Carrion-Carrera.