How do we design a rcc building manually?

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8 Answers

Nikhil Sharma, Engineering graduate

Updated Mar 1, 2018 · Author has 225 answers and 298.3k answer views
Okay. It took me 3 months to justifiably design a RCC G+11 structure for my first time.

Let's go for a typical plan of a 2BHK. And let's only take dead and live loads.

Add wind loads and seismic loads according to zone after you are done practicing with only
dead and live load.

Idea is simple - Slab rest on beams. Beams rest on columns. Columns rest on
footings.

So design slab first, then use the load from load to design beams. Beams will put load on
column. And column will on footings.

Prerequisite

1. Architectural plan.
2. IS codes - 456, 875 (I and II)
3. Soil report.
4. Scientific calculator
5. MS Excel - for faster calculations. Many design offices use Excel template sheets.
Don't see them as designing software. They are just for faster calculations
and minimize error.
6. Bhavikatti or any other book for reference.
Now let's have steps.

1. Architectural plan.

2. Mark columns.

3. Join column to mark primary beams. There will be tertiary beams that'll rest on primary
beams.
4. Mark all beams. Number them.

5. Now mark slabs. Slabs with similar dimensions with will be marked same.

6. Design slabs. Use loads from IS 875 part 2, call it ‘w’. Find depth and area of steel. We'll
do detailing later.

7. Now beams will be calculated each individually. First let's do tertiary beams, ie, beams
resting on other beams. Assume all beams 500 depth and 300 width. Draw force dia for
each beam.

 Slab load - for two slab - load on beam of length ‘l' = WL/3. Calculate slab load
intensify for all 4 beams on which 2 way slab is resting. Units in KN/m (UDL). For
one way slab ‘WL/2’ for the beams supporting the slab.
 Wall load intensity- Density of wall is 18KN/m3. Multiply by height of wall and
thickness of wall. Assume wall height - 2.5m and width - 300mm for external and
230 for internal. Multiply by fos 1.5. Now wall intensity is in units KN/m (UDL).
 Weight of concrete- self weight. Density (25KN/m3). Multiply by width and height
of beam. Say 500 x 300. So 25 x .5 x .3 = 3.75 x 1.5 (fos) = 5.62 KN/m
 Add them. That is your net UDL. Find moment and reaction forces at support.
For primary beams repeat the same process. But now add the reactions of tertiary
beams as point loads at according distance.

Now find area of steel at top and bottom.

8. Columns. Assume dimensions 500 x300. Use moments and reactions from beams resting
on column to find area of steel. Dont forget to add column’s self weight.

9. Net load from columns will be used design footings.

4. Detailing - Detailing of steel as per SP 34. You'll have read it. No other way.

IMPORTANT - IF you don't know how to apply loads, how to design columns, footings, etc
search for NPTEL's PDFs. Their steps can be used to create Excel sheets to speed up the
process.

Hope it helps.

Edit:

Some resources which I used for design (Credits to their creators):

1. Full design - http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/IITK...

2. https://www.scribd.com/document/255576490/Ch1b-E4-E5-Civil-Structural-
Design-of-RCC-Bldg-Components-Session-2-Compatibility-Mode
3. http://www.iitg.ernet.in/scifac/qip/public_html/cd_cell/chapters/dmaity_adv_s
truct_design/introduction%20(1-5).pdf
4. Beam - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105105104/pdf/m1l1.pdf
5. Beam - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105105104/pdf/m4l8.pdf
6. Column (Short ) - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105105104/pdf/m5l12.pdf
7. Column (long) - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/1051...
8. Slab (One way) - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10510...
9. Slab (two way) - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/1051...
10. Footing (isolated) - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10510...