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Physical Disabilities
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 A person with a physical disability is constrained by his


physical ability to perform an activity independently
such as walking, bathing, toiletting, etc. A person can be
physically disabled due to two reasons:
Congenital/Hereditary – the person has physical
disability since birth or the disability developed at a
Introduction later stage due to genetic problems, problems with
muscle cells or injury during birth. Acquired – the
person acquired the physical disability through road or
industrial accidents, infections such as polio or diseases
and disorders such as stroke or cancer.
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 There are two major categories under the Physical


Types of Physical Disability Group, they are:

Disabilities  Musculo Skeletal Disability


 Neuro Musculo Disability
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It is defined as the inability to carry out distinctive


activities associated with movements of the body parts
due to muscular or bony deformities, diseases or
Musculo degeneration. The disabilities grouped under musculo
Skeletal skeletal disability are:

Disability  Loss or Deformity of Limbs


 Osteogensis Imperfecta
 Muscular Dystrophy
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It is defined as the inability to perform controlled


movements of affected body parts due to diseases,
degeneration or disorder of the nervous system. The
categories are:
 Cerebral Palsy
Neuro Musculo  Spina Bifida
Disability  Poliomyelitis
 Stroke
 Head Injury
 Spinal Cord Injury
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 Loss or Deformity of Limbs


This may be due to birth defect or may occur due to
Details of Musculo diseases or accidents. The person may require an
Skeletal Disability artificial limb to compensate the functional loss of
activities.
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 Osteogensis Imperfecta
A defective development of the connective tissues at
the growing age that leads to softening of bones and the
affected person experiences deformed posture. The
person is usually small built with brittle bones. The
Details of Musculo cause of this condition is unknown but there is a strong
Skeletal Disability hereditary link to it. Such persons are usually active
though may require a wheelchair or crutches for
mobility.
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 Muscular Dystrophy
Progressive loss of muscle strength due to a group of
hereditary disorders. Muscles around the neck,
shoulders and hips are usually more affected than the
Details of Musculo other muscle groups. Muscles of the respiratory system
are also affected at a later stage. With time the affected
Skeletal Disability person’s functional and mobility status deteriorates and
may require a wheelchair for mobility.
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 Cerebral Palsy
A group of non-progressive disorders occurring in
young children in which damage of the brain causes
impairment of motor function. It is caused by birth
Details of Neuro injury, jaundice and infection. A person with Cerebral
Palsy usually has movement and co-ordination
Musculo Disability problems. The person may have other associated
disabilities such as intellectual, behavioral, visual,
speech etc. He may need different adaptive equipment
and external support for the day to day activities.
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 Spina Bifida
It is due to development defect of the spinal canal,
characterised by incomplete closure of the bony
encasement of the spinal cord. It may cause paralysis of
Details of Neuro the lower part of the body depending on the level and
Musculo Disability extent of the lesion. The person may loose bowel and
bladder control and may have sensory loss at the
affected side. This person may require a pair of
crutches or wheelchair to move around.
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 Poliomyelitis
It is an infectious virus disease affecting the lower
motor-neuron system. It is caused by the poliovirus and
can affect children and adults. It causes weakness in the
body and both legs. The person may require mobility
Details of Neuro aids and external limb supports for the day to day
activities. Recently it has been found that many victims
Musculo Disability of poliomyelitis experience a second decline of their
physical and functional status when they reach around
the age of forty.
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 Stroke
It is caused by the interruption of blood supply of the
central nervous system or due to hemorrhage inside
the brain. The affected person experiences a sudden
impairment of the sensory motor functioning of one
Details of Neuro side of his body. This condition may also associate with
Musculo Disability other disorders like loss of vision, hearing, speech or
intellectual functioning. The person may require a
walking stick or wheelchair for mobility.
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 Head Injury
The extend of this disability depends on the part of the
brain involved and the severity of the injury. In most
cases it leads to a condition called hemiplegia where
Details of Neuro the sensory and the motor functions of one side of the
body are impaired. It may also be associated with other
Musculo Disability disabling conditions like impairment of vision, hearing,
speech or intellectual functioning.
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1. PARAPLEGIA:
 Total or partial impairment of the sensory and motor functions in
the lower part of the body and lower limbs. In most cases the
affected person looses bowel and bladder control and in some
occasions experience poor postural control. Depending on the
level of injury the affected person may require a crutch, external
Spinal Cord Injury limb supports or wheelchair for mobility.

– two types of
disabilities: 2. TETRAPLEGIA:
 Total or partial impairment of the sensory and motor
functions of the body including all four limbs. The person
looses control over bowel and bladder functions, posture
and even in few cases respiratory functioning. The affected
person may require different assistive devices to perform
daily activities independently.
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 Improvement of the disabling condition depends on the


cause, type, extend of the disease, disorder or injury.
However, in most cases the physical improvement is
seen only in the initial few years of disability. There are
few conditions that are progressive type and the
treatment goal is to maintain their condition.
Rehabilitation programmes are planned to help
Treatment for individuals to overcome initial unstable conditions and
Physical Disabilities prevent deterioration of the medical condition. The
person should also be more conscious with his diet to
avoid further deterioration of his medical condition and
recurrent of diseases. More importantly, people with
disabilities will learn, through rehabilitation
programme, to manage their disabilities confidently.
Some of the programmes include:
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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
 Occupational Therapy is a specialised treatment
programme that prepares the clients to live successfully in
his/her own family and society. Through the practice and
training of purposeful and goal directed activities and
exercises, this treatment programme tries to improve
Treatment for client’s functional abilities and independent living skills.

Physical
Disabilities PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Physiotherapy is a rehabilitative treatment programme, through
the use of physical means such as exercises and electrotherapy
that are planned and customised according to the individual
client’s need. Examples of the treatment are maintaining and
improving the power of the target muscle group, preventing
occurrence and progression of contractures and deformities.
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SPEECH THERAPY
 Speech Therapy is a specialised treatment and training
programme that treats and trains clients to
communicate effectively.

Treatment for
Physical
Disabilities MEDICATION/VACCINATION
 Medication/Vaccination may be prescribed by
doctor to avoid further deterioration of the physical
condition and structural deformities. Vaccination
against common virus is an effective way to prevent
disabling diseases.
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 Having a physical impairment is not the end of the


world. Many people with disabilities live their lives just
like any other able-bodied. They enjoy sports, movies,
shopping and do a lot of other activities as well. They
work as hard as the able-bodied and earn a decent
income to support themselves and their families. Some
Life of a do get married and have children of their own.
Disabled However, they do need support from their families,
friends, members of the public, the community to help
them to integrate into the mainstream society by
accepting who they are. Giving them opportunities at
work and treating them like any able-bodied are some
of the ways that can help them to live life to the fullest.
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