Table of Contents

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1
Research Problem Statement .............................................................................................. 1
Research Purpose Statement ............................................................................................... 3
Research Questions or Hypotheses ..................................................................................... 4
Intended Data Collection Tool and Analysis ...................................................................... 5
Sampling Method to be Used .............................................................................................. 5
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 8
References ........................................................................................................................... 9
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Introduction

In this course module in quantitative research report, the study reports key vital

aspects of project methodology in the implementation of digital transformation in the

digital transformation of Driver and Vehicle Licensed Authority (DVLA) in Ghana. The

study specifically focuses on the aspects relating to research problem and purpose

statement, research methodology adopted and its associated justification, study research

question and hypothesis, data collection t and analysis, and finally the sampling method

adopted by the study.

Research Problem Statement

Massive improvement in digital technologies over the last few years has

established new functionalities, increased the creation of storage and processing of

information, and has facilitated robust human and systems interactions. (Bharadwaj,

Sawy, Pavlou, & Venkatraman, 2013; Ibem & Laryea, 2014). In the present day,

people’s living, communication, consume and working are shaped by digital technology.

Due to competitive pressure and the demands from the modern-day customer\user,

organizations in almost all industries feel the need to adapt to remain profitable

(Westerman, Calmejane, & Bonnet, 2011). Digital Transformation has been the way

organizations have adapted to this new environment. Digital transformation according to

Westerman, Calmejane and Bonnet (2011) is the use of digital technology to improve the

operations of a business; this can cover business processes or changing entire operating

models by the help of technology.

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Transforming an organization or business using digital technology is usually not as

straight forward as buying new software or upgrading a new server. Many organizations

visualize digital transformation as a steady expansion and influencing for instance,

products or client interfaces, yet the basic plans of action of providing value to customers

of traditional businesses remain. This is particularly valid in sectors with products or

services where total digitization is impossible (Hanelt et al., 2015).

The outcome according to Fitzgerald and colleagues (2014) is where organizations

routinely put resources into technological advancement and accomplish incremental

progression, neglecting to present better approaches for conducting business or

improving processes. The failure and inability to transform an organization using digital

technology to its maximum is usually a management problem rather than a technology

challenge to which overcoming it necessitates a better comprehension of digital business

strategies. Organizations need a well-established management and digital strategy in

order to coordinate and organize essential and advanced change. (Matt et al., 2015).

For almost every industry that exist today, decisions that are made in the running of the

organizations have a technology dependency and their successful execution of that

decision depends on how well they use or implement the technology.

Entering the digital era of business empowers traditional organizations to concentrate on

new kinds of business and process models and concentrating on the delivery of value is

the only way to ensure the delivery of a successful digital strategy. This interaction

between digital strategies and established organizational business models is a little

researched area in management literature, and one key focal point of this research is to
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examine both the traditional way of doing business and literature examining what

influences established organizational operations with regards to digital transformation

strategies.

Research Purpose Statement

Digital transformation is turning into an increasingly more focal point in

organizations’ business strategies and operations (Patel and McCarthy, 2000; Andal-

Action et al., 2003). Yet, most organization lack consistency and a comprehensive

approach to the digital transformation especially in the traditional established industries

despite the best efforts of management. Even though organizations commit resources into

digital and information technology capabilities, often, management concentrates too

much effort into the technology itself rather than how the technology can help bring value

to both internal and external customers. This approach brings about incremental

advancements rather than a transformation in most cases.

For traditional or established organizations to reap the full benefits of digital

transformation; they need to reassess the entire business model and continually adapt

digital technology to their value chain. This involves a cyclic design, creation and

evaluation of value creating processes in their entirety. To achieve this, a comprehensive

digital strategy targeting the transformation of operating models and processes must be

put in place.
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The point of this research is to add to existing literature how traditional or established

organizations can adopt digital transformation strategies that are potent and holistic to

deliver value to the organization and its shareholders\customers.

Selected Research Method and Justification

In the selection of research method, the study considered a case study design in

implementing the digital transformation model specifically in the Driver and Vehicle

Licensed Authority (DVLA) in Ghana. A case study approach was selected as the best fit

methodology because it presents a complete and holistic deep-dive into events that have

already occurred within an organization or establishment (Feagin, Orum & Sjoberg,

1991). According to Yin (2003), a case study approach explains events that have likely

taken place already in another scenario, the steps used and the results and possible future

mitigation process. The approach is useful when the study intends to discover challenges

the Driver and Vehicle Licensed Authority (DVLA) faced in implementing their digital

transformation strategy

Research Questions or Hypotheses

Grounded on the research purpose and the problem statements already presented, these

are some of the research topics derived that will outline the research work to be

conducted at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority.

 What is the procedure used to introduce the digital transformative strategy at the

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority?

 What are some of the components of the products introduced as a part of the

digital transformation strategy?

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 What are the challenges faced while implementing the digital transformative

strategy?

 How were the challenges faced overcome?

 What are the possible recommendations to individuals and organizations who will

like to introduce similar transformative strategies in their organizations?

Intended Data Collection Tool and Analysis

To understand the tool to be used, it is important to know what the method of gathering

data is (Creswell, 2003). The method of gathering data is through interviews. Interview is

described as the art of hearing data so that the researcher gets insights into the multiple

perspectives of the different respondents. Interviewing gives the interviewer the

opportunity to establish a personal relationship with the respondent in order to obtain the

necessary information for the study (Bhattacherjee, 2012). So, in interviews, the

researcher asks a question and allows the respondent to express him\herself.

The tool to be used to gather data from the research shall be a semi structured interview

guide. This is usually a set of questions that serve as a guide to the interview being

conducted (Smith, 1991). The interviewer can change the questions based on the

responses provided by the respondent. The questions are not strictly adhered to, but the

interviewer dictates how the interview goes.

Sampling Method to be Used

Sampling design defines the methods of selecting items to be considered for

observation or participants to take part in a study (Kothari,2004). Two key types of

sampling design are non-probability, purposive or judgement sampling which is often

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used by the exploratory research design. On the other hand, probability or random

sampling method is often used in descriptive research design. In choosing a sample

design, the following must be considered; the sample design must be a true representation

of the study population, must results in a negligible sampling error, the sample must be

feasible based on the study budget allocation, the need to systematically biased so as to

be controlled in the best way possible, and finally the result of the sample should posses

high validity with acceptable confidence levels (Kothari,2004).

As highlighted, the two key sampling design are random and purposive sampling.

Random sampling considers aspects relating to cluster sampling, stratified sampling, and

systematic sampling. Whereas purposive comprises of quota sampling and judgmental

sampling. Purposive sampling or non-probability sampling as popularly known is

sampling method that does not provide a technique of estimating the which items in the

sample study population has been included in the study sample (Kothari,2004). In these

instances, the items for sample are selected deliberately by the researcher, it allows for

inclusivity of selection of a small mass from a big sample size, typically being a

representative of the entire state. The judgement of the researcher dominates the sampling

process and there is no guarantee that every element has an equal chance of being

selected. the advantage of this sample design is that it is relatively inexpensive and

convenient. However, the sample selected can sometimes does not depict the

characteristics of random sampling. Generally, the quota samples have the inferences

drawn from them treated as statistically amenable in a formal way whatsoever.

Random sampling presents a universal equal chance for inclusion in the study

sample dataset. the statistical results obtained from this method is acceptable based on its
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probabilistic backing in measuring errors as well as well as the statistical significance of

the results. Generally, this method uses sampling with replacement so as to ensure that

samples cannot reappear in the sample population. Generally, random sampling gives all

the elements of the population equal chance with all the choices independent from one

another. Similarly, gives each possible combination the same probability of being chosen

(Kothari,2004).

In this study involving a case study approach of the extent of implementation of

digital transformation at the Ghana’s Authority of Vehicle and Driving License

management, a stratified purposive random sampling was applied. It ensures

representative sample was obtained across all the department of the Vehicle and Driving

Registration Authority. Therefore, the stratified sampling method was used in selecting

sample of 286 respondents from the whole population of 1000 staff of Ghana Vehicle

management authority using the formula basing on the Hailu et al.(2012) and Singh &

Masuku(2014) formula of generating research sample size n basing on the confidence and

the research total population N.

Where n is the sample size, N is the total population size, and e is the level of precision
(sampling error). The minimum sample size for this study for a population, N of 1000
respondents at 95% and with the degree of variability, e at 0.05 will be calculated as:-
n= 1000/ [1 + 1000(0.05)2]

This implies that out of the intended population of 1000, the study expects a response
from 286 of the staff of the Ghana vehicle management authority to achieve a 95%
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confidence level. The breakdown of the target population is as tabulated in table 1

representing sample drawn from different department (Kothari,2004)
TABLE 1
Target Staff Population
Depart of the Respondent Target Population Percentage
Managing Director Office 6 2.1
Information System 120 41.9
Human Resources 80 28.0
Finance 70 24.5
Supply Chain 10 3.5
Total 286 100
Source: (Author, 2019)

Conclusion

In this module, the study explored the various aspects of study relating problem

and purpose statements, research methods, questions, data collection tool and the

sampling techniques. In the context of implementing digital transformation project at

Ghana Vehicle and License registration, the study identified research gaps in the

implementation of digital transformation arising from organizational over focus on

technological advancement without improvement of human skill and capital of the people

required to use the advanced technological infrastructure.

The research objectives therefore sought to establish procedures, product

components, possible challenges and the recommendation of resolving them. The study

considered the use of interview in its data collection with a random stratified sampling

technique to ensure the input of every member is significance. The next section will

focus on data validation and thematic content analysis of the qualitative data collected.
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