EDUCATION AND ITS EFFECT TO POVERTY PROBLEM IN

CALUMPANG, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

A Concept Paper

Presented to the faculty of

Senior High School Department

Iloilo City National High School

Molo, Iloilo City

In Partial Fulfillment of the subject

English for Academics and Professional Purposes

(name in alphabetical order pls. If in group, identify the group and names in alphabetical order)

John Nelson Ferrer

Azrikem Shun Patrial

Caylla Marie Urbano

Develyn Joy de los Santos

Princess Jamie Shin Antioquia

Marissa Mahilum

Marielle Vipinoso

Edralyn Bermejo

Ma. Christel Joy Ortega

Francine Dorado

Johanna May Ortiz

Cynthia Macatual

November, 2018

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 AREA OF STUDY

(spacing. Research spacing should be in 2 (standard spacing for research/thesis). 1.5 is also
considered. Please be guided accordingly.)

Poverty is the number one enemy of education on every level. Poor students not only
receive the worst education, but they fall victim to lifestyle and health issues that hinder
their ability to learn. While we often assume that learning is up to each individual and
that kids who put in the most effort tend to learn more, the reality says otherwise.
Poverty and its many disadvantages can handicap learners before they even begin
school and lead them to fall behind classmates or even quit school in frustration. The
relationship between poverty and education shows in the students' levels of cognitive
readiness. The physical and social-emotional factors of living in poverty have a
detrimental effect on students' cognitive performance.

Poor families at Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City are less likely to be able to afford proper
nutrition and sometimes simply don’t have enough food at home. With little financial
education and low-earnings, poor families might have to send their kids to school
without breakfast or lunch. A 2008 study shows that not eating enough can reduce the
brain's capacity to learn, and poor students quickly end up falling behind their
classmates.

Children who were exposed to drug use before birth can have cognitive deficiencies.
Meanwhile, children who witness violence or experience household stress can also
experience learning limitations due to an inability to cope with the situation. These
conditions are much more likely to occur in low-income families.

However, cities across the country offer free parenting workshops in person and online
to help parents give their kids a better start. Free classes in parenting, nutrition, and
stress control assist in ensuring that poor children have a chance of doing well in
school. Many organizations also offer help to specific groups, such as families with
premature babies, children who have disabilities, and kids with learning difficulties. And
in addition to its existing free summer breakfast programs the Barangay Officials of
Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City are also conducting a house to house visit to check the
status of their community.

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3|Page
 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The Philippine educational system is an organized bureaucracy which provides formal

and non-formal education. The three academic levels of formal schooling are the
elementary or primary, secondary and tertiary.

The first level, elementary education, involves compulsory six grades in public schools
and seven grades in some private schools, in addition to optional pre-school programs.
The pre-school education usually consists of kindergarten schooling and other
preparatory courses. At the age of 3 or 4, a pupil may enter nursery school until 5 and
6 years old; then he/she proceeds to grade one.

The second level or secondary education corresponds to four years of high school. The
third level is tertiary education or higher education which is divided into collegiate or
undergraduate, graduate or master’s and post-graduate or doctorate levels in various
disciplines. Post-secondary schooling consists of two or three-year non-degree technical
or vocational courses.

Non-formal education includes acquisition of knowledge even outside school premises.

It is offered to particular clientele like the out-of-school youth or adult illiterates who
are given literacy and livelihood skills training.

The Department of Education has the responsibility of administering, supervising and

regulating basic education (elementary and secondary education). All policies,
standards, rules and regulations concerning basic education emanate from the DepEd.
The administration and supervision of higher education is lodged in the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), which was created by Republic Act 7722, while the post-
secondary technical-vocational education is under the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) which is also in charge of skills orientation, training
and development of out-of-school youth and unemployed adults. The TESDA was
created by Republic Act 7796.

The Philippines is using a bilingual medium of instruction. Certain subjects are taught in
English and the rest in the national language, which is Filipino.

By constitutional mandate, the public educational programs are financially supported by

the national government. The DepEd also provides financial assistance and other
incentives to schools, teachers, and students, teachers, and students. Local
governments are encouraged to assume the operation of non-national public schools in
their locality.

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Private schools throughout the Philippines are funded from capital investments, equity
contributions, tuition fees and other school charges, grants, loans, subsidies, and
legislations.

Education is for many an escape route away from poverty. In the Philippines, however,
where a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line that clearly isn’t the case.
It is a route that millions find blocked.

Poverty is one of the main causes of the country’s poor education record and has
affected participation in education in more ways than one, according to “Education
Watch Preliminary Report: Education Deprivation in the Philippines," a study done by
five advocacy groups including E-Net Philippines, Asian South Pacific Bureau of Adult
Education, Action for Economic Reforms, Popular Education for People’s Empowerment,
and Oxfam.

In today’s world people need to compete globally for jobs and one of the most important
factors in getting a good paying job is education. However, even the best schools cannot
overcome some of the obstacles placed in front of the students that walk through their
doors. Poverty, chaotic home environments, discrepancies in exposure to technology, and
lack of funding for schools all negatively impact the effort to educate children. In today’s
economic environment even the wealthiest states and districts are having to cut funding
for education, while districts which were already teetering on the edge are now in an
even worse position. In some schools children have to face not having enough books,
paper for copies, severe overcrowding which hinders the children from focusing and
learning simultaneously.

With those being said, the status of the Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City as the most
populous barangay catches our attention. Its population size was 2.6 percent of the
total population of the city. We’ve found ourselves encouraged by the given situation to
discover and to address the challenges of the people living in Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo
City. This place is considered as one of the squatter village where approximately 11,113
(Results from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing) heads are residing, their
everyday living definitely affects the status of their children in school. Some were less
fortunate to be out of school youth due to poverty and some were blessed enough to be
enrolled.

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(Table shows 2010. Please provide recent, if not the latest data for the validity of the
research)

*** Proof that shows how populous the Calumpang,Molo,Iloilo City is. ***

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Basing on the population given, in reference of National Statistics Office (NSO) we do

assume and anticipate that the most number of children were out of school youth
compare to those who were enrolled. With this study we can gain more proof and
gather information that will definitely let us know why this is happening in Calumpang,
Molo, Iloilo City. Poverty will mainly be the topic and the issue that affects the education
in this community and the one that what we are hoping for will be the resolution.

Education might way too far to achieve and take advantage when the unfortunate
situation caused by poverty, hinders. As we foresee, conduct a site view and an
examination those perceptions were confirmed.

Squatter areas, small houses, crowded streets and populated places, over all a slum.
Those are the words that will define how the most part of Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City
looks like. With this situation, it is another challenge for all especially for the children.
Parents have something to do with their households, how they’ll manage and maintain
cleanliness and help their children. There are children roaming the streets day and night
instead of studying in school or at home doing their homework before bedtime. Sadly,
some families do not have the capability to send their children to school.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

(chapter should start at the beginning of the new page regardless if the data
is short or long)

This study aimed to gather information and data at Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City.
Especially this paper aimed the following objectives.

 To know how the following affects the education at Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City :
Disadvantages Due to Parental Lifestyles, Lack of Poverty-Specific Learning
Programs and Bad Community Conditions

 We would like to further assess the root cause and the reasons behind why
Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City was known for the less educated children and place
of the poor.

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  To get the best resolution on how to surpass poverty or on how education will
mainly change poverty.

HYPOTHESIS

Education is the brightest hope for breaking the cycle of multi-generational poverty.
But, kids born to poor, under-educated parents aren't likely to succeed at school
without help that targets their family situations, and that help is most needed during
their earliest years. Earning a high school diploma can help break the cycle of multi-
generational poverty, but persistent poverty make earning that diploma a tough
challenge, the study said. Even sending children to school is a hard one. Children who
spend more than half of their childhoods poor are nearly 90 percent more likely than
never-poor children to enter their 20s without completing high school.
Helping children at school isn’t likely to solve the problem of persistent poverty if
parents don’t get help. Solving inter-generational poverty requires a multi-pronged
approach. Helping kids succeed at school takes a lot of work outside of school.
We are convinced that there is no better way to fight extreme poverty than by giving
every child around Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City a good quality education.
Poverty can be debilitating. It can make us lose our morale. But poverty should push
us. Let it inspire us to innovate and to succeed despite adversity. Let our arduous past
and challenging situation drive us to dream. Let us not be discouraged by the smoke
and dust. Let us continue to hope, to allow ourselves to dream big, to dream bigger
than ourselves or what we can see on the horizon.

In a Barangay like Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City afflicted with dearth, there is no room
for indolence. Let poverty move us to action. Let every hand be soiled and calloused
by hard work. Let us sleep and dream but remember that success is made by years of
perseverance and patience in the waking hours.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

A study found that schools that provide a rundown environment affect poor kids just as
much as parental neglect does. Schools are often funded by property taxes, and
locations with lower property values have less tax money to work with. When a school
is in need of repair, lacks books and other resources, and has a hard time retaining
teachers, students are negatively impacted, the same with the situation of Calumpang,
Molo, Iloilo City. In times of conflict and crisis, children are forced out of school, which
contributes to higher drop-out rates and lower completion rates. Having a strong focus
on education in this community is critical, since education promotes stability, good
governance, and peace. It can also provide a visible sign of a return to normalcy for
children.

Poverty not only affects education at the institutional level, but it also affects learners
on a personal level. Opportunities can seem limited for poor families, and the children’s
ability and willingness to take advantage of existing opportunities may be limited.

Thankfully, charities and educational organizations are working harder than ever to
level the playing field by providing resources for disadvantaged families and children.
They are working to create innovative approaches to enable poor children to learn
better and reach higher.

Now it’s time to take the game from a one-on-one to a team effort: state, provincial,
and federal efforts need to work harder to help poor kids graduate school at the top.
These kids are our social and economic future. We can’t afford to let them down.

“Despite statistics on skills and education putting them in the top quarter of countries
worldwide, the percentage of Filipinos that live below the poverty line compares poorly
with fellow ASEAN countries. The reasons for continued widespread poverty in the
Philippines are many and varied. Its roots can be traced back to the destruction and
upheaval caused by the Second World War, while subsequent policies of Presidents
Ramon Magsaysay, Ferdinand Marcos and Gloria Arroyo did not improve conditions for
the poorest Filipinos and widened the income equality gap. Widespread corruption in
Filipino politics and business prevents social mobility and growth.”

John Pennington (Education, inequality, poverty – a paradox in the Philippines)

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 PROPOSED RESEARCH DESIGN

For gathering data, we have provided questionnaires to the parents for us to know their
answers on how education affects poverty in their community.

Here are the questions and their answers (in Hiligaynon):

“Para sa imo ano ka importante and edukasyon?”

 Sa tanan nga butang amo gid ni yah ang pinaka impoprtante kay sa ulihi
kung ang akon mga kabataan makatapos sa pag skwela maging manami
gid ang ila ubra.
 Amo ini ang pinaka importante nga manggad ang pwede ko maibilin sa
akon kabataan.
 Sobra ka importante para sa ulihe makakita sang mayo nga ubra ang akon
mga bata kag manging manami ang ila pangabuhi.
 Para sa ulihi indi dali-dali ma into-an ang akon mga kabataan.
 Tama gid ka importante ang edukasyon para sa akon kay amo sini ang
akon gin hinulsulan kay wala ko ini matapos, kag ang gusto ko subong
nga ang akon kabataan makatapos.

“Ano ang mga problema ang ginaka atubang nyo nga nagaka-apekto sa pag skwela
sang inyo kabataan?”

 KAPIGADUHON, Amo ini ang isa sa mga problema nga amon ginaka
atubang.
 Financial Problems, para sa pamleti,pamahaw kag mga galastuhon sa
eskwelahan.
 Family Problems, Permi may ga inaway sa sulod sang amon panimalay
nga rason nga gakadulaan gana ang mga bata sa pag eskwela.
 Isa pa gid sa mga problima nga gina ka atubang kag maka apekto sa pag
skwela sang kabataan ang mahigko nga lugar kag skwelahan.
 Madamo ako sang kabataan kag wala pa may gabulig bantay sang akon
mga gagmay nga bata, ano pa kung kaisa gina pa absent ko sila para
mag bulig sa akon kag sa sulod balay.

“Ikaw bala naga pati nga ang kapigaduhon isa sa mga sablag sa pag pa eskwela sang
inyo kabataan? Nga-a?

 WALA, Huo ang Kapigaduhon ang isa sa mga sablag pero kung ikaw
may handom indi ini rason para indi ka mag himakas.
 Oo, Subong nga tini-on kung wala ka kwarta ma budlay mag pa eskwela
sang imo kabataan.
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  Oo, Kay kung wala ka kwarta wala ka sang galamiton para sa pag
eskwela sang imo bata.
 Dependi, kay kami pigado man pero nagatinguha gid kami kag naga
himakas nga mapa skwela amon mga kabataan.
 Wala ako dira nagapati kay ako sang ga skwela pa galakat ako sa
skwelahan maski wala ako pampleti, ang importante maka skwela kag
makatapos maski wala kwarta.

“Paano mo na hambal nga ang edukasyon ang isa sa mga pamaagi para malutas ang
kapigaduhon sang inyo pamilya?

 Kay kung may tinapusan ka madali kalang makakita sang ubra nga
manami kag may dako nga sweldo nga pwedi makapag panami sang
inyo pangabuhi.
 Kay ini ang pamaagi para maging madinalag-on sila sa pila ka adlaw.
 Kung makatapos sa pag eskwela ang akon mga kabataan makabulig sila
sa pag pangita sang ubra nga makabulig lutas sa amon kapigaduhon.
 Kung ikaw may iniskwelahan ikaw may tinun-an kag ikaw may diskarte
sa kabuhi.
 Edukasyon lang gid ang maga silbi nga yabi sa maayo nga puturo sang
isa ka tao.

“Paano nyo masulbar ang inyo problema sa kapigaduhon para mahatagan sang mayo
nga edukasyon ang inyo kabataan?”

 Paagi sa pag paninguha. Ini ang isa sa mga solusyon sa problema kag
kapigaduhon. Para mahatagan ang akon kabataan sang maayo nga
edukasyon.
 Paagi sa pag pangita sang ubra nga may sapat nga sweldo para
sustintuhan sa pag eskwela ang akon mga kabataan.
 Paghimakas sa pangita sang ubra. Kay kung may ubra ka mahatag mo
ang kinahanglan sang imo mga kabataan para sa ila pag eskwela.
 Mangin maayo sa pag diskarte sa kabuhi labi nagid ang pag uyat sang
kwarta nga maski gamay lang ang importante mapa igo sa pamilya kag
matagaan sang bilin ang para sa pag skwela.
 Wala labot sa pag pangita sang ubra dapat kabalo ka man mag
negosyo o mangita pa gid sang iban nga pwede makwartahan para
may idugang gasto sa mga kabataan.

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 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the answers gathered, we conclude that the main hindrance in education is
poverty and the major solution could be and will be to strive hard in order to surpass it.
Much of the focus on improving education occurs at the barangay level, and these
results in standards that are geared towards the learning community in general. This
means that poor barangay like Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo City must live up to the same
criteria as all other barangays. Compounding this problem is the fact that few
communities have the resources to help individuals or poor families. They are often
treated as a statistic that hurts the school's graduation rate. However, some schools
have developed programs that help poor children catch up to their peers. For now,
specialized programs are working on a local level and are founded by people who see
the struggles of these poor children every day. The Alternative Learning System (ALS),
a government-based program, is also one way or another, help the children and out-of-
school-youth to finish their primary as well as secondary level by only studying for a
short period of time. However, national recognition of the learning gaps between poor
children and their peers would help move funding where it’s needed the most.

Most of the parents were dedicated to pursue their children’s education despite the fact
that they are facing financial instability, family problems and some other factors that
can be considered as one of the issue that affects education. It is then, on the students’
end if they will strive hard and affirm the struggle of their parents for their future and
to help their families as well.

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 RECOMMENDATION

Three aspects are paramount in the field of education, namely: reducing the cost of
education, improving its quality, and direct intervention in the regions with low
indicators of education. Below are our recommendations.

 Gradual expansion of the absorptive capacity of public schools in the context of a

comprehensive strategy to achieve free and mandatory basic education.
 Improvement of the quality of education, programs and teaching methods; and
strengthening the link between the output of the education system and labor
market needs.
 Bring together programs designed to reduce school drop-out at the elementary
and intermediate levels, and illiteracy eradication programs in regions where
such action is needed.
 Increase the number of free kindergartens in the public and civil sectors.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.aseantoday.com/2017/03/education-inequality-poverty-a-paradox-in-the-
philippines/
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/111257/poverty-hunger-
prevent-filipino-kids-from-getting-basic-education/story/
http://www.truevolunteer.org/how-poverty-affects-education-in-the-
philippines/#.W9SxiHUza00
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-Effects-of-Poverty-on-Education-PKND8WZVJ
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528798
https://www.imbalife.com/importance-of-education-in-the-philippines
http://www.undp.org.lb/programme/propoor/poverty/povertyinlebanon/molc/recommen
dation.htm

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