MERIÑO, Andrey S.
¤ Look for the 5 Major Branches of Philosophy and give 1 memorable quote each.
Epistemology is the study of “knowledge.” It deals with the process by which we can
know that something is true. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as
skepticism about different knowledge claims.
¤ Look for at least 5 philosophers and give what are their famous philosophies.
Zeno of Citium (c. 334 - 262 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher of the Hellenistic period, active in
Athens from about 300 B.C. He is considered the founder of the Stoicism School of Philosophy
(which became the dominant philosophy of the Hellenistic and Roman periods, and an influence
on early Christianity).
Anselm of Canterbury (1033—1109) Saint Anselm was one of the most important Christian
thinkers of the eleventh century. He is most famous in philosophy for having discovered and
articulated the so-called “ontological argument;” and in theology for his doctrine of the
atonement.
Thucydides (born 460 B.C. - died after 404 B.C.) author of the History of the Peloponnesian
War, which recounts the struggle between Athens and Sparta in the 5th century. His work was
the first recorded political and moral analysis of a nation's war policies. Together with Hobbes
and Machiavelli are considered as the founding fathers of political realism, according to which,
state policy must primarily or solely focus on the need to maintain military and economic power
rather than on ideals or ethics.
Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623- 19 August 1662) a philosopher, a religious thinker and a
mathematician. Pascal is considered the forerunner of existentialist philosophy. His major work,
les Pensées (Thoughts), Pascal speaks about the misery of man without God. On the contrary,
God, man may be anchored spiritually. Belief in God is the most reasonable party.
Iris Marion Young (2 January 1949 – 1 August 2006) was an American political theorist and
feminist focused on the nature of justice and social difference. Young's interests ranged broadly,
including contemporary theories of justice; democracy and difference; feminist political theory;
continental political theory; ethics and international affairs; gender, race and public policy.
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