MODERN PHYSICS - 2 Page # 21

Exercise - V JEE-Problems
1. Two radioactive materials X1 and X2 have decay rate equations for the populations of X, Y and Z.
constants 10  and  respectively. If initially they The population of Y nucleus as a function of time
have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio is given by Ny(t) = {N0x /(x – y)} [exp (–y t)
of the number of nuclei of X1 to that of X2 will be – exp (–x t)]. Find the time at which Ny is
1/e after a time. maximum and determine the populations X and Z
(A) 1/(10) (B) 1/(11) (C) 11/(10) (D)1/(9) at that instant. [JEE 2001]
[JEE’ 2000(Scr)] 7. The half-life of215 At is 100 s. The time taken
2. The electron emitted in beta radiation originates from for the radioactivity of a sample of215 At to decay
[JEE; 2001 (Scr)] to 1/16th of its initial value is [JEE 2002 (Scr)]
(A) inner orbits of atoms (A) 400 s (B)6.3 s (C) 40 s (D) 300 s
(B) free electrons existing in nuclei 8. Which of the following processes represents a
(C) decay of a neutron in a nucleus gamma-decay ? [JEE 2002 (Scr)]
(D) photon escaping from the nucleus
(A) A X Z    A X Z –1  a  b
A
3. A radioactive sample consists of two distinct (B) X Z 1 n 0  A – 3 X Z – 2  c
species having equal number atoms initially. The
A
mean life of one species is  and that of the other (C) XZ  AXZ  f
is 5. The decay products in both cases are stable. A
A plot is made of the total number of radioactive (D) X Z  e –1  A X Z –1  g
nuclei as a function of time. Which of the following 9. The volume and mass of a nucleus are related
figure best represents the form of this plot? as [JEE 2003 (Scr)]
[JEE 2001] (A) v  m (B) v  1/m
N
N (C) v  m2 (D) v  1/m2
10. The nucleus of element X (A = 220) undergoes
 - decay. If Q-value of the reaction is 5.5 MeV,
(A) (B) then the kinetic energy of -particle is :
t t [JEE 2003 (Scr)]
(A) 5.4 MeV (B) 10.8 MeV
(C) 2.7 MeV (D) None
N N 11. A radioactive sample emits n -particles in 2
sec. In next 2 sec it emits 0.75 n  - particles,
(C) (D) what is the mean life of the sample ?
[JEE 2003]
t t 12. A 280 days old radioactive substance shows
an activity of 6000 dps, 140 days later it’s activity
becomes 3000 dps. What was its initial activity.
4. In a nuclear reactor 235U undergoes fission [JEE 2004 (Scr)]
liberating 200 MeV of energy. The reactor has a (A) 20000 dps (B) 24000 dps
10% efficiency and produces 1000 MW power. If (C) 12000 dps (D) 6000 dps
the reactor is to function for 10 year. Find the
total mass of uranium required. [JEE 2001] 13. The age of rock containing lead and uranium
5. A nucleus at rest undergoes a decay emitting is equal to 1.5 × 109 years. The uranium is
an -particle de-Broglie wavelength,  = 5.76 × decaying into lead with half life equal to 4.5 ×
10–15 m. If the mass of the daughter nucleus is 109 years. Find the ratio of lead to uranium
223.610 amu and that of the -particle is 4.002 present in the rock, assuming initially no lead was
amu. Determine the total kinetic energy in the present in the rock. (Given 21/3 = 1.259).
final state. Hence obtain the mass of the parent [JEE 2004]
nucleus in amu. (1 amu = 931.470 MeV/c2) 14. Helium nuclie combines to form an oxygen
[JEE 2001] nucleus. The binding energy per nucleon of oxygen
6. A radioactive nucleus X decays to a nucleus Y nucleus is if m0 = 15.834 amu and mHe = 4.0026
with a decay constant x = 0.1 s–1, Y further amu
decays to a stable nucleus Z with a decay (A) 10.24 MeV (B) 0 Me V
constant y = 1/30 s–1. Initially, there are only X (C) 5.24 MeV (D) 4 Me V [JEE 2005 ]
nuclei and their number is N0 = 1020. Set-up the 15. In Young’s double slit experiment an electron
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 Page # 22 MODERN PHYSICS - 2

beam is used to form a fringe pattern instead of 21. Assume that the nuclear binding energy per
light. If speed of the electrons is increased then nucleon (B/A) versus mass number (A) is as shown
the fringe width will : [JEE’ 2005 (Scr)] in the figure. Use
(A) increase (B) decrease
B/A
(C) remains same 6
(D) no fringe pattern will be formed 6
4
16. Given a sample of Radium - 226 having half-
2
life of 4 days. Find the probability, a nucleus
0
disintegrates within 2 half lives. 100 200 A
[JEE 2006] this plot to choose the correct choice(s) given
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 3/4 (D) 1/4 below.
17. Match the following Columns Figure
[JEE 2006] (A) Fusion of two nuclei with mass numbers lying
Column I Column II in the range 1 < A < 50 will release energy
(A) Nuclear fusion (P) Converts some matter (B) Fusion of two nuclei with mass numbers lying
into energy in the range of 51 < A < 100 will release energy
(B) Nuclear fission (Q) Generally occurs for (C) Fission of a nucleus lying in the mass range
nuclei with low atomic of 100 < A < 200 will release energy when broken
number into two equal fragments
(C)  - decay (R) Generally occurs for (D) Fission of a nucleus lying in the mass range
nuclei with higher of 200 < A < 260 will release energy when broken
atomic number
into two equal fragments. [JEE 2008]
(D) Exothermic (S) Essentially proceeds
nuclear reaction by weak nuclear forces 22. A radioactive sample S1 having an activity
18. In the options given below, let E denote the 5Ci twice the number of nuclei as another sample
rest mass energy of a nucleus and n a neutron. S2 which as an activity of 10 C. The half lives of
The correct option is [JEE 2007] S1 and S2 can be [JEE 2008]
236 137 97 (A) 20 years and 5 years, respectively
(A) E 92 U   E I  E Y  2E(n)
53 39
(B) 20 years and 10 years, respectively.
236 137 97
(B) E 92 U  E I  E Y   2E(n)
53 39 (C) 10 years each
236 140 94 (D) 5 years each
(C) E 92 U  E Ba  E Kr   2E(n)
56 36
236 140 94 Paragraph for Questions 23 to 25
(D) E 92 U  E Ba  E Kr   2E(n)
56 36 Scientists are working hard to develop nuclear
2
1H ,
19. The largest wavelength in the ultraviolet fusion reactor. Nuclei of heavy hydrogen,
region of the hydrogen spectrum is 122 nm. The
known as deuteron and denoted by D, can be
smallest wavelength in the infrared region of the
thought of as a candidate for fusion reactor. The
hydrogen spectrum (to the nearest integer) is
2 2
[JEE 2007] D – D reaction is H  32 He + n energy. In
1 H 1
(A) 802 nm (B) 823 nm the core of fusion reactor, a gas of heavy
(C) 1882 nm (D) 1648 nm hydrogen is fully ionized into deuteron nuclei and
20. Some laws/processes are given in Column I. electrons. This collection of 12 H nuclei and electrons
Match these with the physical phenomena given
is known as plasma. The nuclei move randomly in
in Column II and indicate your answer by
the reactor core and occasionally come close
darkening appropriate bubbles in the 4×4 matrix
enough for nuclear fusion to take place. Usually,
given in the ORS.
the temperatures in the reactor core are too high
Column I Column II
and no material wall can be used to confine the
(A) Transition between (P) Characteristic
plasma. Special techniques are used which confine
two atomic energy levels X-rays
the plasma for a time t0 before the particles fly
(B) Electron emission from (Q) Photoelectric
away from the core. If n is the density (number/
a material effect
volume) of deuterons, the product nt0 is called
(C) Mosley’s law (R) Hydrogen
Lawson number. In one of the criteria, a reactor
spectrum
is termed successful if Lawson number is greater
(D) Change of photon energy (S)  - decay
than 5 × 1014 s/cm –3 .
into kinetic energy of electrons
It may be helpful to use the following: Boltzmann

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 MODERN PHYSICS - 2 Page # 23

constant k = 8.6 × 10–5 eV/K ;
e 2
= 1.44 × 10–9 eVm [JEE 2009]
4 0
23. In the core of nuclear fusion reactor, the gas
becomes plasma because of
(A) strong nuclear force acting between the
deuterons
(B) Coulomb force acting between the deuterons
(C)Cou lomb force acti ng between
deuteronelectron pairs
(D) the high temperature maintained inside the
reactor core
24. Assume that two deuteron nuclei in the core
of fusion reactor at temperature T are moving
towards each other, each with kinetic energy 1.5
kT, when the separation between them is large
enough to neglect Coulomb potential energy. Also
neglect any interaction from other particles in
the core. The minimum temperature T required
for them to reach a separation of 4 × 10–15 m is
in the range
(A) 1.0 × 109 K < T < 2.0 × 109 K
(B) 2.0 × 109 K < T < 3.0 × 109 K
(C) 3.0 × 109 K < T < 4.0 × 109 K
(D) 4.0 × 109 K < T < 5.0 × 109 K
25. Results of calculations for four different
designs of a fusion reactor using D – D reaction
are given below. Which of these is most promising
based on Lawson criterion?
(A) deuteron density = 2.0 × 1012 cm–3 ,
confinement time = 5.0 × 10–3 s
(B) deuteron density = 8.0 × 1014 cm–3 ,
confinement time = 9.0 × 10–1 s
(C) deuteron density = 4.0 × 1023 cm–3 ,
confinement time = 1.0 × 10–11 s
(D) deuteron density = 1.0 × 1024 cm–3 ,
confinement time = 4.0 × 10–12 s
6 29. If the anti-neutrino had a mass of 3 eV/c2
5
4 energy, K, of the electron?
dN(t )
dt
27. The activity of a freshly prepared radioactive
sample is 1010 disintegrations per second, whose
mean life is 109 s. The mass of an atom of this
radioisotope is 10–25 kg. The mass (in mg) of the
radioactive sample is [JEE 2011]
Paragraph for Question Nos. 28 to 29
The -decay process, discovered around
1900, is basically the decay of a neutron (n). In
the laboratory, a proton (p) and an electron (e-)
are observed as the decay products of the neu-
tron. Therefore, considering the decay of a neu-
tron as a two-body decay process, it was pre-
dicted theoretically that the kinetic energy of
the electron should be a constant. But experi-
mentally, it was observed that the electron ki-
netic energy has a continuous spectrum. Consid-
eri ng a three-body decay process, i .e.
n  p  e   ve , around 1930, Pauli explained the
observed electron energy spectrum. Assuming the
anti-neutrino ve  to be massless and possessing
negligible energy, and the neutron to be at rest,
momentum and energy conservation principles are
applied. From this calculation, the maximum ki-
netic energy of the electron is 0.8 x 106 eV. The
kinetic energy carried by the proton is only the
recoil energy.
28. What is the maximum energy of the anti-neu-
trino?
(A) Zero
(B) Much less than 0.8 x 106 eV.
(C) Nearly 0.8 x 106 eV.
(D) Much larger than 0.8 x 106 eV.
(where c is the speed of light) instead of zero
mass, what should be the range of the kinetic

3
(A) 0  K  0.8 x 106 eV
n

26. (B) 3.0 eV  K  0.8 x 106 eV

2
(C) 3.0 eV  K  0.8 x 106 eV
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (D) 0  K  0.8 x 106 eV
Years
To determine the half life of a radioactive element,
a student plots a graph of
dN( t ) dN( t )
n versus t Here is the rate of
dt dt
radioactive decay at time t. If the number of
radioactive nuclei of this element decreases by a
factor of p after 4.16 years, the value of p is :
[JEE 2010]

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