Principles and

Applications of
Hydraulic Filters
Contents Page

Mr Grimes 2

Mr Fil 3

Introduction 4

Filtration principle 4

The function of filters

in hydraulic systems 14

Effect of solid contamination 14

Source of solid contamination 20

The need for hydraulic filters 21

Task of the hydraulic filter 24

Hydraulic filter
requirements 29

Test standards 29

Filter technology 40

Characteristics of filter materials 40

Designing filters 42

Types of filters 50

HYDAC filter advantages 56

1
 In every hydraulic system there is a
Mr Grimes
He enters by the front door, the back door, the side door,
through the air breather and even from what you think is a
clean drum of hydraulic oil.
On the one hand
Mr Grimes
is our biggest ally, because he helps us to sell our filter
products thereby keeping us in business.
On the other hand, he is your worst enemy because he
systematically disrupts your hydraulic systems.
The more you allow
Mr Grimes
to multiply and set up home in your system,
the bigger the opportunity for us to sell
cost effective filtration solutions.
In order that you are constantly alerted to the dangerous
disruptive ability and hiding places of
Mr Grimes,
use this
"Principles and Applications of Hydraulic Filters"
booklet and ask for your Mr Grimes stick pin.
A telephone call will suffice.
2 3
For real protection for your hydraulic systems,
meet
Mr Fil
He is our watchdog.
He carries out his duty wherever Mr Grimes
tries to make trouble:
when filling, commissioning and operating hydraulic
systems.
Mr Fil
is a best friend to hydraulic components and
hydraulic systems. He helps to catch Mr Grimes and
render him harmless.
Because Mr Grimes has many faces and tries to ruin
components and whole systems with a range of dirty tricks,
Mr Fil
also has lots of specialist brothers who know Mr Grimes'
tricks well.
We can tell you which of the specialist
Fil Brothers
will execute his duties best in your hydraulic system.
Just call us for a consultation.
Together, you, we and the
Fil Family
will defeat your hydraulic system's worst enemy:
Mr Grimes.
The why's and the wherefore's on the detection and
elimination of Mr Grimes, can be ascertained in the
following pages of this "Principles and Applications of
Hydraulic Filters".
 Introduction The filter principle It is therefore important that no corners are cut, even down
to the selection of filters. Any possible increased costs
caused by fitting larger filters will be quickly outweighed by
the lower maintenance and down-time costs.

The filter principle Use the experience of filter, component

and unit manufacturers.
Effective filtration in hydraulic systems prevents break-
downs and at the same time increases the life expectancy The following must be taken into account when determi-
of important and expensive components. ning the micron rating:
Filtration is not a necessary evil ● The components with the smallest tolerances determine
but a vital necessity. the filtration rating for the whole system.

Following investigations of the causes of breakdowns in ● Filtration ratings should be calculated for these compo-
Hair hydraulic systems it has been found that the majority of nents and they should not merely be fitted with the lowest
75 micron x 100 failures are attributable to a high level of solid contami- micron rating available.
nation in the hydraulic fluid.

This high level of contamination is caused by insufficient

filtration equipment in the system. The cost of repairs to
components can only be kept to a minimum by undertaking
preventive maintenance on the system. Filter rating terms
The prevailing condition of the system can be gauged by Beta ratio:
carrying out regular oil checks. When the oil values start to Average number of particles upstream of the filter com-
deteriorate, the necessary measures can be implemented. pared to the number downstream.
In this way, any damage can be minimised. Example: 1000 upstream, 10 downstream

The constantly increasing demands made on hydraulic Beta ratio = 1000 = 100
Smallest particle 10
eye can see components has meant that tolerances are becoming ever
40 micron x 100 smaller. Whereas about 10 or 15 years ago absolute filtra-
tion ratings of 80 -100 µm was quite usual on hydraulic Efficiency:
systems, today's systems have to be fitted with absolute Average percent of particles captured.
ratings of at least 20 µm. Formula: Example:

Units with servo valves have to be operated Efficiency = Beta - 1 100 - 1 = 99%
in 3 µm filtration and below. Beta 100

Even when designing systems the correct number of filters

required must be taken into account. Very often the good Beta ratio of = Efficiency of
intentions of the project engineers are overridden by the 10 90.0%
more powerful dictates of price and winning orders. Chan- 75 98.7%
ging the filter size and the intended filtration rating is the
easiest way of lowering the quotation price without at first 100 99.0%
Typical particles
sight impairing the function of the system. 200 99.5%
in hydraulic fluid
1 – 10 micron x 100 500 99.8%
It is then very expensive to fit the correct filter afterwards.
In addition, the whole system suffers by having incorrect
filters. One cannot ignore the loss of prestige felt by the
unit manufacturer.

4 5
 The filter principle
Absolute vs. nominal The filter principle
Solid contamination
An absolute rated filter Comparison of cleanliness
● has a beta ratio and efficiency that has been established (contamination) classes.
by a standard multipass test.
● Example: B10 > 100 means filter allows no more than
ISO 4406 Particles ACFTD MIL STD NAS SAE
one particle downstream for every 100 upstream
(10 microns and larger). This equals efficiency of 99% or per ml Solid 1246 A 1638 749 D
or higher. CETOP > 10 µm content (1967) (1964) (1963)
RP 70 H mg/l
● Most are inorganic depth types.

A nominal filter 26/23 140000 1000

● is not rated according to any standard procedure: 25/23 85000 1000
Each manufacturer uses its own rating. 23/20 14000 100 700
● Example: Mfg. A’s 10-micron filter is 40% efficient 21/18 4500 12
Mfg. B’s 10-micron filter is 60% efficient. 20/18 2400 500
● Most are paper or cellulose. 20/17 2300 11
20/16 1400 10
19/16 1200 10
18/15 580 9 6
17/14 280 300 8 5
Solid contamination using 16/13 140 1 7 4
NAS 1638. 15/12 70 6 3
14/12 40 200
Contamination classes to 14/11 35 5 2
Class Particle size in µm
NAS 1638. 13/10 14 0.1 4 1
Maximum number of dirt 5-15 15-25 25-50 50-100 >100
12/9 9 3 0
particles in 100 ml of fluid 00 125 22 4 1 0 18/8 5 2
0 250 44 8 2 0 10/8 3 100
1 500 89 16 3 1 10/7 2.3 1
2 1000 178 32 6 1 10/6 1.4 0.01
3 2000 356 63 11 2 9/6 1.2 0
4 4000 712 126 22 4 8/5 0.6 00
7/5 0.3 50
5 8000 1425 253 45 8
6/3 0.14 0.001
6 16000 2850 506 90 16
5/2 0.04 25
7 32000 5700 1012 180 32
8 64000 11400 2025 360 64
9 128000 22800 4050 720 128
10 256000 45600 8100 1440 256
11 512000 91200 16200 2880 512
12 1024000 182400 32400 5760 1024

6 7
 The filter principle
Solid contamination using The filter principle
Solid contamination using
ISO DIS 4406: ISO DIS 4406:
Number of particles and their
short form coding

No. of particles per 100 ml

over 5 µm over 15 µm

Code more than and up to more than and up to

106 20
5
20/17 500 k 1M 64 k 130 k
19
2,5
20/16 500 k 1M 32 k 64 k
20/15 500 k 1M 16 k 32 k
18
1,3
20/14 500 k 1M 8k 16 k
105 17
6,4
19/16 250 k 500 k 32 k 64 k

Number of particles per 100 ml > specified value

19/15 250 k 500 k 16 k 32 k
16
3,2
19/14 250 k 500 k 8k 16 k
19/13 250 k 500 k 4k 8k
15
1,6
18/15 130 k 250 k 16 k 32 k
104 14
8
18/14 130 k 250 k 8k 16 k
13

Contamination class
18/13 130 k 250 k 4k 8k
4
18/12 130 k 250 k 2k 4k
13/9 12
17/14 64 k 130 k 8k 16 k
2
17/13 64 k 130 k 4k 8k
11
17/12 64 k 130 k 2k 4k
103
17/11 64 k 130 k 1k 2k
10
5
16/13 32 k 64 k 4k 8k 9
16/12 32 k 64 k 2k 4k
2,5
16/11 32 k 64 k 1k 2k 8
16/10 32 k 64 k 500 1k
1,3
102 7
15/12 16 k 32 k 2k 4k
6,4
15/11 16 k 32 k 1k 2k 6
15/10 16 k 32 k 500 1k
3,2
15/9 16 k 32 k 250 500 5
1,6
14/11 8k 16 k 1k 2k
101 4
14/10 8k 16 k 500 1k
8
14/9 8k 16 k 250 500 3
14/8 8k 16 k 130 250
4
2
13/10 4k 8k 500 1k
2
13/9 4k 8k 250 500
1 1
13/8 4k 8k 130 250
2 5 10 15 20
12/9 2k 4k 250 500
12/8 2k 4k 130 250
Particle size in µm

11/8 1k 2k 130 250

8 9
 The filter principle
ISO contaminant plot The filter principle
Beta values in relation
to filtration rate in %
Beta value Filtration rate
1 0,0
2 50,0
5 80,0
100.000 10 90,0
20 95,0
50 98,0
Number of particles per milliliter greater than indicated size

60 98,3
10.000 70 98,6
80 98,7
90 98,9
100 99,0
1.000 200 99,5
500 99,8
1000 99,9
2000 99,95
100 Measured with ACFTD test dust
Formula: % eff = 100 - 100
β

10

Particle size, micrometres

10 11
 The filter principle
Absolute filtration ratings for The filter principle
Clearance sizes for various
various hydraulic systems and hydraulic components to
contaminant classifications Cetop RP 92 H

Types of systems CETOP RP70H Suggested Particle size in µm

Class ISO/DIS 4406 Absolute Filtration 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Rating
5µm 15µm β x ≥ 100
Gear side plate
Systems extremely sensitive Gear pump
Gear tips housing
to the smallest contaminants 13 9 1 – 2.5
which require maximum reliability. Vane pump Vane tips Vane sides
Laboratory or aerospace.
Sensitive high performance control Valve plate - cylinder
systems operating at high pressure 15 11 2.5 – 5 Piston pump
Piston bore (radial clearance)
with excellent reliability.
High quality, reliable mobile equipment Flapper jet Orifice
Servo valve Control spool (radial clearance)
and industrial hydraulic systems 16 13 5 – 10
operating at high pressures
Control spool (radial clearance) Orifice
General machinery and mobile Control valve
equipment with medium pressure, 18 14 10 – 15 Spool valve Poppet valve
large capacity and moderate clearances.
Low pressure heavy industrial systems Hydrostatic bearing
or systems where high reliability 19 15 15 – 20 Low friction bearing
or long life are not critical Bearing
Face bearing Gear pump
Side plate with fixed clearances

12 13
 The function of the Filter Effect of solid
contamination Influence of dirt particles on
in the hydraulic system valve seat and spool clearance

Effect of solid contamination

General
Studies made on systems have shown that the lower the
number of particles in the fluid, the longer the life of the
components.
Contamination is often caused by high mechanical or
hydrodynamic load. When allowed to circulate in the
system, these particles cause mechanical wear and tear.
This in turn leads to an increase in contamination. Any par-
ticles coming into the system from outside can also initiate
or accelerate this development. This chain reaction of par-
ticle development and particle accumulation can be mini-
mised or prevented by using a good filtration system. To
create the best initial conditions, the filling oil should be
well filtered, assembly should be clean and the system Spool clearance
should be flushed thoroughly before starting.

Why hydraulic equipment

wears and fails

High Low
pressure pressure

Valve seat

14 15
 Effect of solid
contamination Wear and tear Process Effect of solid
contamination Contamination in pumps
at a control valve:
Action of
Contaminants

at a seat valve:

Particle caught

Surfaces dented, cracking

initiated
at a spool valve

Contamination in cylinders
After N fatigue cycles,
cracks spread Erosion at sealing surfaces:

Surface fails, particles

released

16 17
 Effect of solid
contamination Critical tolerances Effect of solid
contamination Effect of internally generated
in hydraulic components contamination
1 Gear pump
J1 from 0.5 to 5 micron J2 Percentages shown are for
J2 from 0.5 to 5 micron J1
percent of total particles that
1
are metallic (resulting from
2 Vane pump component wear)
J1 from 0.5 to 5 micron
J2 from 5 to 20 micron
J3 from 30 to 40 micron

3 Piston pump

Total no. of particles per ml. exceeding 5µm

J1 from 5 to 40 micron J1
J2 from 0.5 to 1 micron
2
J3 from 20 to 40 micron
J2
J4 from 1 to 25 micron

4 Valve J3

J1 from 5 to 25 micron

5 Servo valve
J1 from 5 to 8 micron 3
J2 from 100 to 450 micron J3
J3 from 20 to 80 micron

J4
J1 J2

J1

5 J2

J3

J1

18 19
 Source of The need for
solid contamination hydraulic filters

Initial contamination during Build in the high quality components and set the system in
start-up of operation operation. If the cleansing routines are not conscientiously
carried through, then the high quality components can
● Metal chips, casting sand, become damaged during the flushing out of the system.
dust 1 Failure to do so will result in early breakdowns of the
● Weld spatters, slag system.
● Paint, dirt
● Sealing material The flushing out of the units must be carried out afresh on
● Contaminated pressure 2 completion of additional work on alterations to the tubing,
fluid (as-delivered on repair work, or whenever the hydraulic unit is moved.
condition)

3
Contamination load during 7
operation
● Abrasion
● Penetration via seals
● Penetration via tank
1
breather
● Topping up / change of
pressure fluid
● Change of components
● Change of hoses

5
3

1 External contamination
5
2 Assembly
3 Start-up contamination 1
4 Internal contamination
5 Wear
6 New oil
7 Repairs

20 21
 The need of During the operation of the unit: The need of
hydraulic filters hydraulic filters Cost effectiveness
This contamination can be divided into two types: of superior filtration
● internal contamination
● external contamination

Internal contamination is represented by all the contamina-

ted particles within the unit, e.g. abrasion in the leading
edge, as well as in the housings and pistons, rubber parts
from hose lines and seals, paint particles and oxydation
products from the new oil.

With external contamination the onset of contamination is

caused, primarily, by badly sealed hydraulic tanks, unsuita-
ble air filters, seals on the pistons and from wipers on
piston rods.

The installed filter systems have the task of filtering out the
contamination occuring from the internal and external con-
taminants, thereby preventing a chain reaction of creating
yet more dirt particles. Effectiveness of various filters
Tests have shown that by using the finest filters in well in removing particles
maintained units which have good extemal seals, an over
proportional increase in the operating time for the whole
installation is possible. Moreover, greatly reduced down
time can also be expected.

Type Absolute Absolute Nominal

Quality High Medium Low
Beta ratio 100 – 1,000 25 – 75 1.4 – 2.5
Efficiency 99.0 – 99.9% 96.0 – 98.7% 30 – 60%
Particles downstream
compared to 1,000 – 100 4,000 – 1,300 70,000 – 40,000
100,000 upstream

22 23
 Task of the hydraulic filter Task of the
hydraulic filter Filter locations
With regard to the increasingly strong competition from
electrically and/or electronically driven units, the filter
systems installed in hydraulic power units have now rea-
ched equal status with all the other components in the
system.

The hydraulic filters in use ensure that the high costs of

maintenance, repair and down time can be drastically
reduced. With the installation of such filters, the economic
value of the whole system can be ensured. In addition,
they have a great influence on the operators' assessment
of the complete system.

A correctly dimensioned filter system must fulfil the follo-

wing tasks:
● remove solid contamination from the hydraulic medium
● prevent failure of components caused by
solid contamination
● prevent changes to switching times due to
damaged leading edges
● oil breaks in operation between maintenance intervals
● increase life of unit
● make preventive maintenance possible
● reduce the ageing of the hydraulic medium
which is generated by chemical processes (resulting from
solid contamination)
● maintain the lubricity of hydraulic medium
● reduce frequency of oil changes
● preserve high operational safety between
servicing intervals.

24 25
 Task of the
hydraulic filter
1 Return line filter
2 Tank breather and filter
3 Suction filter
4 Hydraulic pump
5 Cooler
6 Hydraulic pump
7 High-pressure filter
8 By-pass filter
9 Vacuum switch
Position of filters Task of the
hydraulic filter Simplified hydraulic circuit
in hydraulic systems diagram showing working
filters and protective filters
Filtration 1 Protection filter (Pres-
of main flow sure line filter)
Control
2 Working filter
(Return line filter)
1
3 Working filter
7
(By-pass filter)
4 Tank breather
6
M
9 1
By-pass filtration

2
5
Control
3 M 8

Example of a closed loop

1 Return line filter in
drain line 3
2 Suction filter in the feed
4
line
3 Pressure line filter in the
feed line
4 Flushing filter in the
3 1 2
closed hydraulic loop
4
4
2 1 1

26 27
 Task of the
hydraulic filter Filtration performance of Hydraulic filter
a by-pass filter unit on a requirements.
pump production test stand
1 Make 1
Test standards
2 Make 2
12 The filters planned for hydraulic units will undergo different
tests for the filter element and also for the filter housing.
➀ ➁
Cleanliness class to NAS 1638
The assessment of a filter element follows from criteria laid
down in most test standards. These norms are applied

Rate of air flow in lN /min

individually or combined according to the requirement.
11
These test standards are:

10
ISO 1000 SI units
DIN ISO 2941 Hydraulic fluid power, filter elements;
9 Verification of collapse/burst resistance
8 DIN ISO 2942 Hydraulic fluid power, filter elements;
7 Determination of fabrication integrity.
0.1 1 10 100 DIN ISO 2943 Hydraulic fluid power, filter elements;
Operational time in hours Verification of material compatibility
with fluids.
DIN ISO 3723 Hydraulic fluid power, filter elements;
Filtration performance of End load test.
DIN ISO 3724 Hydraulic fluid power, filter elements;
a by-pass filter unit on a Verification of flow fatigue
rubber press characteristics.
DIN ISO 3938 Hydraulic fluid power; Verification of
1 Tank contamination analysis.
2 Manifold DIN ISO 3968 Hydraulic fluid power, filters;
7 Determination and verification of
pressure drop compared with flow rate.
Cleanliness class to NAS 1638

DIN ISO 4572 Hydraulic fluid power, filters;

Multi-pass method for evaluating
filtration performance.
6
DIN ISO 5598 Fluid power; hydraulic and
pneumatic dictionary.

5 ➁
4 ➀
3
2

0.1 1 10 100
Operational time in hours

28 29
 Test standards
Verifying the filtration Test standards
Verifying the filtration
performance (Multi-pass Test) performance (Multi-pass Test)

Determination Degree of separation

of βx value (βx value) versus
filter efficiency 99.99

99.90

Test

Filter efficiency in %
filter
element
99.00

nZ Outlet nZ Inlet
90.00
1000 particles 100 000 particles
≥ 10µm/100ml ≥ 10µm/100ml
= 0.08 mg/l (ACFTD) = 10 mg/l (ACFTD)

nInlet ≥ X µm
βx = 1.00
10 100 1000
nOutlet ≥ X µm βx value

Numerical example: β10 = 100 000 = 100

1000

Particle size in µm

βx = 2 50 % filter efficiency
βx = 20 95 % filter efficiency
βx = 75 98.6 % filter efficiency
βx = 100 99 % filter efficiency (absolute retention rate)

30 31
 Test standards
Simplified circuit diagram Test standards
Specific dirt retention
of the multi-pass test rig of filter elements (ISO-MTD)
Specific dirt retention
of different makes
of filter at a pressure

Specific dirt retention in mg/cm 2

3 drop of 3.5 bar 8

2
6

2 4
4 Make 1 Make 4
1 2 2

8 Make 2 Make 5 0
8
Make 3
7
Dirt holding capacity
9 9 of different makes
of filter of compara-
ble size

Pressure difference in bar

10

5 6

1 Electronic 5 Tank of injection

particle counter fluid
2 Flow meter 6 Tank of test fluid Make1 Make 4
3 Manometer 7 Dirt injection system 0
4 Test filter 8 Heat exchanger Make 2 Make 5 10 20 30 40
9 Cleaning filter Dirt retention in g
Make 3

32 33
 Test standards
βx values of filter elements Test standards
Verifying the filtration perfor-
mance (Multi-pass Test)
Variation in β10 value for different makes of filter of comparable Variation in βx value with laboratory dirt and real dirt
sizes and identical performance data

Make 1
1000

Make 2

Number of solid particles

ß values

100 Make 3 Laboratory dirt

("ideal dirt")
fed to the element in
10

Make 4 Laboratory βx the multi-pass test

10
Make 5 Actual dirt, removed
by the element

Actual βx Particles passing through

the element
0

0 4 8 12 Particle size in µm
Pressure drop in bar

Bx values for different pressure drops across Change in dirt concentration in the hydraulic system during the
the Betamicron®-3 element flushing time
1000
99.9 Amount of dirt to be filtered
ß10

Number of particles
System contamination
Degree of separation in %

Dirt concentration
ß8 of new hydraulic fluid
100 99.0
ßx values

Permissible
dirt concentration

Minimum required flushing time

90.0 ß5

10 0.0
1 0 10 20 30 40
Pressure drop in bar Flushing time t

34 35
 Test standards
Filter elements Test standards
Bubble point test

Typical bubble point test

Operating curve for the dirt holding capacity of the filter element apparatus in order to
determine the excellent
air inlet
manufacturing quality pressure gauge
according to ISO 2942
30
at the filter element in bar

20
Pressure drop

12.5 mm
0.492 in.
10
low pressure
regulator

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
filtered isopropanol
Real dirt holding capacity in g

test inset

Dirt holding capacity in different sizes of Betamicron -3 elements ®

The filter element is immersed into isopropanol and pres-

surised with compressed air on the inside. The increase in
air pressure is effected until the first bubble appears at the
1 = 0160 D 005 BN3HC 2 = 0240 D 005 BN3HC
surface of the element. No bubble stream is allowed to
11
occur up to the air pressure specified by the manufacturer.
Filter element differential pressure bar

1 2
10
When the first bubble occurs the height of the produced air
9 pressure is, in consideration of the physical laws, a measu-
8 re for the largest pore, and the formation of many bubbles
7 is a measure for the average pore size distribution.
6 By means of this test the production quality (density of the
5 glue seams, mesh failures) of the filter element is tested.
4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Dirt holding capacity in g

36 37
 Test standards
Compatibility test Test standards
Methods of taking samples

Testing device in order to

demonstrate the compati- temperature measuring
bility with hydraulic fluids and control device
according to ISO 2943.

Taking a sample
from stagnant fluid
test filter hydraulic fluid

Taking a sample
from moving fluid
The filter element is immersed into the hydraulic fluid for
72 hours at a test temperature of 15° C above the maxi-
mum permissible working temperature.
The safety temperature which is permissible for the fluid
must not be exceeded.
After finishing the test the filter element must not show any
damage or decrease of efficiency. After that the element
has to undergo a bursting strengh test according
to ISO 2941

38 39
 Filter technology Filter elements

Characteristics Betamicron®-3
of filter materials element
of multi-layer mat
The filtering effect of an element is determined by the filter construction
mat used. This filter mat is also know as the "Matrix".
Due to the materials used in the filter mat, the filter ele-
ments are split into two main groups:
● Surface filters
● Depth filters

Surface filter

Depth filter

40 41
 Designing hydraulic filters Designing
filter elements Hydraulic fluids

Cleanliness classes that Viscosity / temperature curves for pressure fluids

may be achieved using Without filter With filter from standard group ISO VG 46
the recommended abso-
lute filtration rating
(Tank capacity: 4 l,
Pump feed flow: 4 l/min) 11
10000

Cleanliness class to NAS 1638

5000
3000
2000

1000
10
500

9 ➀
8 100
7

Kinematic viscosity in mm 2/s

6
5
➂ 50
1 10 µm filter 0.1 1 10 100
2 5 µm filter Operational time in minutes
3 3 µm filter
20

Graphic illustration of viscosity inversion factor f1

10
30
20
15
10
5
5
1

3
Factor f

2
3
2,7
1 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Temperature in °C
Density in kg/m3 at 15 °C Density in kg/m 3 at 15 °C
HFC fluid 1075 HL-, HLP oil 878
Bio degradeable oil 921 Motor oil SAE 10 W 882
HV oil 875 HFD fluid 1135

0.1
1 10 30 50 70 100 200 500 1000
Operating viscosity in mm2/s

42 43
 Designing
filter elements Hydraulic fluids Designing
filter elements Selection of filtration rating
and filter elements
Viscosity / temperature 10000

ratio for mineral oil Determining the recom-

Attainable
according to DIN 51 519 5000 mended filtration rating Recomm- cleanliness class
4000
IS for hydraulic systems ended to
3000 O
V absolute NAS 1638 ISO DIS
IS G
2000 O 15 filtration with 4406
IS VG 00 rating parts
O 10
IS VG 00 Hydraulic system (ßX ≥ 100) > 5 µm
1000 O 6
IS VG 80
O
Kinematic viscosity in mm2/s V 46 Systems with 13/10
500 IS G 3 0 to
O servo valves 3 4 to 5
400
V 20 14/11
300 IS G 2
O 20
IS G
V Systems with precision 15/12
200 O 1
VG 50 proportional valves 5 7 to 8 to
IS 10 17/14
O 0
V
100
IS G 68 Systems with
O proportional valves 10 9 18/15
VG
ISO 46
50 VG
40 ISO 32 General 18/15
V hydraulic systems 10 to 20 9 to 10 to
ISO G 22
30

VG 19/16
20
15
ISO
VG
10
10 ISO
VG
ISO 7
VG
5
5
ISO
4 VG Selecting filter elements
3 Filtration HYDAC
3 ISO V
G2 according to application rating Element Max
2
and absolute filtration Application µm designation Pressure Remarks
rating required
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Working filters, 3 … R 003 BN/HC
By-pass filters, 3 … D 003 BN/HC
Temperature in °C Return line 5 … R 005 BN/HC
filters, 5 … D 005 BN/HC
Pressure line 10 … R 010 BN/HC 30 bar
Viscosity / temperature filters with 10 … D 010 BN/HC
ratio for various 100
HFC by-pass 20 … R 020 BN/HC
pressure fluids valve 20 … D 020 BN/HC
30
Protection filters, 3 … D 003 BH/HC Enquire from
Kinematic viscosity in mm 2/s

Mineral oil Pressure line 5 … D 005 BH/HC 210 bar manufacturer

10 filters without 10 … D 010 BH/HC for other
by-pass valve 20 … D 020 BH/HC values of
HFD
3 filtration
HFA 25 … D 025W 30 bar
25 … D 025T 210 bar
1 50 … D 050W 30 bar
50 … D 050T 210 bar
Water
0.3 100 … D 100W 30 bar
100 … D 100T 210 bar
0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100

Temperature in °C

44 45
 Designing
filter elements Determining the size of filters Designing
filter elements Determining the size of filters

Total pressure drop across filter

with new element W/HC
W/HC
25 µm
BN/HC
500 20 µm BN/HC
Filter Type of filter Using the individual diagrams Using the design 10 µm BN/HC BH/HC
25 µm 20 µm BN/HC
arrangement for filter housing and diagrams 5 µm
BN/HC 400
in Hydraulic filter elements 3 µm 10 µm
systems
100
0330 5 µm

Flow rate in l/min

Flow rate in l/min
300
Working Return line 50 0240 3 µm
filters filters, f2 (∆pHousing + f1 x ∆pElement) ≤ QDesign = QSystem x f1 x f2 0160
Pressure line 60
filters with ≤ 0,15 to 0,2 x ∆pIndicator 0110 200 0
6
50
by-pass valve 10 0
33
5 0060 0
28
By-pass filters, 100
Size 0
Inline filters, – – 24 Size
0
Separate units 0030 16
140
1
Protection Pressure line f2 (∆pHousing + f1 x ∆pElement) ≤ QDesign = QSystem x f1 x f2 Filter design diagram Filter design diagram
filters filters without ≤ 0,2 x ∆pIndicator for return line filters for pressure line filters
by-pass valve

Suction line f2 (∆pHousing + f1 x ∆pElement) ≤ 0,01 QDesign = 5 to 10 x QPump x f2

filters 3000
2000 5/
F 5
EL BF
1000 7
BF
7/
F
500 EL

Rate of air flow in lN/min

3
BF
3/
F
EL
100

50 4
BF
4/
F
EL

10
Filter design diagram for breathers

46 47
 Designing
filter elements Determining the size of filters Designing
filter elements Filter design using
a computer programme
Recommanded values of
Cleanliness class to recommended
absolute filtration rating absolute filtration
for various hydraulic rating
ISO DIS Filter design
components
Hydraulic components NAS 1638 4406 in µm Data input:
Gear pumps 10 19/16 20 RM = 1.000 DP = 1.000 bar
Cylinders 10 19/16 20 Q = 120.000 l/min RHO = 0.860 kg/l
Directional valves 10 19/16 20 T = 50.000 °C
Relief valves 10 19/16 20 FFH = 5.000 mic
Throttle valves 10 19/16 20
Piston pumps 9 18/15 10
Legend:
Vane pumps 9 18/15 10
RM = Calculation model Q = Selected flow
Pressure valves 9 18/15 10
Proportional valves 9 18/15 5
DP = Selected filter T = Fluid
Servo valves 7 16/13 3 pressure loss temperature
Servo cylinders 7 16/13 3 RHO = Density FFH = Filtration
rating

Pressure losses Fluid

Type of housing
ISO VG 46
DF
Pressure loss across a filter housing Element material BN/HC
0.8

Result:
Pressure drop in bar

0.6
Filter type ................................... DF
Element material ........................ BN/HC
0.4 .
Size .................................... 240
Filtration rating ............................ 5 mic
0.2
Number of filter elements.............. 1
Design viscosity ....................... 28.89 mm2/s
0
Factor f ....................................... 0.97
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Flow through filter ................ 120 l/min
Flow Q in l/min Filter area .................................. 2150.00 cm2
2
Specific load on area ................. 0.0558 l/min/cm
Pressure loss across a filter element
∆pHousing .
.................................... 0.2700 bar
∆ pElement ................................................................ 0.5347 bar
2.0
3 µm ∆ pFilter...................................................................... 0.8047 bar
5 µm Dirt retention rate .................... 20.3675 g
Pressure drop in bar

1.5

1.0 10 µm

20 µm
0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Flow Q in l/min

48 49
 Types of
Types of hydraulic filters hydraulic filters Pressure filter
in sandwich plate
Section of a pressure line filter construction
1 Filter head
2 Filter housing
3 Filter element
4 Clogging indicator

B A

3
P A T B

50 51
 Types of
hydraulic filters Section of a return line filter Types of
hydraulic filters Breathers
(tank installation)
1 Mounting flange 1 Filter element
2 Filter housing 2 Clogging indicator
3 Cover plate 3 Filler breather
4 Contamination retainer 4 Filter housing
5 Filter element 5 Mounting screws
6 Clogging indicator 2
6

A 1
1

2 5

52 53
 Types of
hydraulic filters Different types of Types of
hydraulic filters Electronic clogging indicator
clogging indicators
1 Dirty side
Visual pressure drop Visual
2 Clean side indicator clogging indicator
for return line
filter

Electrical pressure drop indicator

Differential pressure in bar

1 Voltage in V and current in A

54 55
 HYDAC filters Wide product range
advantages

● Wide product range (also for

inflammable fluids, emulsions and
special fluids).
● Pressure resistance filter and element
construction, fatigue resistant hou-
sings.
● Guaranteed retention properties
at high differential pressures 1 6 11 16 21 26

(100 bar).
● Own filter laboratory equipped with
the most modern measuring and test
equipment.
● Inspection by all inspection authori-
ties e.g. TUV, GL, ABS, LRS, DNV
etc.,.
2 7 12 17 22 27
● Works approvals in all important
branches. 11 High pressure filter

● Special solutions designed to meet 12 Return line double filter

specific application and customers' 13 Double change-over
requirements. pressure filter
with ball valve
● Technical training and application 14 15
consultation for customers. Return line filter
for tank top mounting
● World-wide sales and service. 16 Return line double filter
3 8 13 18 23
for tank top mounting
17 Pressure filter for
manifold mounting
18 Rear flanged
pressure filter
19 Pressure filter
for sandwich stacking
20 Valve connection block
1 Filter elements type D 21 SET (for integrated
2 Filter elements type R
element connection)
4 9 14 19 24
22 Pressure filter
3 Filter elements type S for reverse flow
4 Tank breather filters 23 Pressure filter for filtration
5 Clogging indicators
in both directions
24 Oil-Filter-Units
6 Mobile spin-on filters
25 Filter equipment
7 8 for coal mining
Inline filter
26 Filter for
9 Return line filter for tank process engineering
top mounting
27 Automatic
10 Medium pressure filter 5 10 15 20 25 back flushing filter

56 57
 Pressure and Own filter laboratory
fatigue resistance
DF 330
Undercut and 5 mm head extension
420 bar

Deformed structure
Magnification factor: x100

DF 330 cover plate and head p = 315 bar

Equivalent to von Mises stress

Guaranteed retention
properties at high differential
pressures
Differential pressure

∆p = 2 bar βx = 300
over real dirt holding capacity All inspection authorities
Element differential pressure
(in % of end differential pressure)

∆p = 5 bar βx = 250

∆p = 30 bar βx = 200

100% contact
100%

75% contact
75%

20%

0
Real dirt holding capacity Cr

58 59
 Approved in all industries Individual solutions

3 4

1 2

Technical training
5

1 Forge manipulators

2 3
Process engineering
6 4 Aircraft on the ground

5 Aircraft in the air

6 Rail vehicles

7 Heavy duty trucks

11 8 Construction machinery
9 Construction equipment

10 Agricultural machinery

11 12
7 Hydraulics in mining
13 Coal crushers

12

8 10 13

60 61
 World wide sales and services

GREAT BRITAIN EUROPE LUXEMBOURG SWEDEN WORLDWIDE CHILE EGYPT SOUTH-AFRICA

Friederich-Hydropart HYDAC Fluidteknik AB MAURICIO HOCHSCHILD Yasser Fahmy (Namibia, Zimbabwe)
FLUPAC Limited AUSTRIA S.a.r.l. Karlsbodavägen 41, AUSTRALIA S.A.I.C. Hydraulic Eng. Hytec of Southern Africa
Woodstock Road (Bulgaria, Slovenia, Route d'Esch C.P. 38 Mariehäll, Box 20112 HYDAC Pty. Ltd. Avenida Senador 65-66-68 Saudi Building, (Pty) Ltd.
Charlbury, Oxfordshire Croatia, Rest of Yugo- L-3801 Schifflange S-16102 Bromma 331 La Trobe Street Jaime Guzman 3535 Kobba P.O. Box 8
OX7 3 EF slavia, Tel: 54 52 44 Tel: (8) 98 02 20 AUS-Melbourne, 3000 Renca-Santiago/Chile P.O. Box 6550 Sawah ZA-Maraisburg, 1700
Tel.: 0 16 08 / 81 12 11 Romania, Hungary) Fax: 54 52 48 Fax: (8) 98 74 22 postal address: Tel: (2) 6 41 44 91, 11813 (Transvaal)
Fax: 0 16 08 / 81 12 59 HYDAC Hydraulik Telex: 1 236 cried lu P.O. Box 1277 L 6 41 11 95 Cairo, Egypt South Africa
E-Mail: Ges.m.b.H. SWITZERLAND AUS-G.P.O. Melbourne, Fax: (2) 6 41 13 23 Tel: (2) 4 52 01 92, Tel: (11) 6 73 12 10,
flupac@flupac.co.uk Industriestraße 3 NETHERLANDS RUAL S.A. Hydraulics 3001 Telex: 242565 4 53 09 22, 45 30 09 23 6 73 22 13
A-4066 Pasching HYDAC B.V. Via Cantonale 69 Tel: (3) 96 70 86 09, Fax: (2) 4 53 06 38 Fax: (11) 6 73 02 12
Tel: (0 72 29) 6 18 11-0 Postbus 447 CH-6964 Davesco-Lugano 96 70 80 45 CHINA
GERMANY Fax: (0 72 29) 6 18 11-35 NL-5700 AK Helmond Tel: (91) 9 35 00 80 Fax: (3) 96 42 15 82 HYDAC Technology INDIA THAlLAND
Teletex: (0 61) 3 73 24 48 Panovenweg 41 Fax: (91) 9 42 38 84 (Shanghai) Ltd. HYDAC HYCOM INDIA Pneumax Co. Ltd.
HYDAC NL-5708 HR Helmond CANADA 271 Luchun Road PVT. Ltd. 2447/5 New Petburi Road
FILTERTECHNIK GMBH CZECH. REPUBLIC Tel: (0) 4 92 / 52 88 38 RUAL S.A. - T.B. Bern HYDAC Corporation Shanghai Minhang 114, Mahavir Industrial Near Ekamai Junction
P.O. Box 12 51 HYDROMAL S.R.O. Fax: (0) 4 92 / 52 75 74 Zentweg 21 14 Federal Road Economic & Technological Estate Bangkapi, Huaykwang
D-66273 Sulzbach/Saar Chýnovská 535 CH-3006 Bern CDN-Welland, Ontario Development Zone Opp. Ravi lndustrial Estate T-10310 Bangkok
lndustriegebiet 39111 Planá nad Luznici POLAND Tel: (31) 9 30 16 16 L3B 3P2 Shanghai 200245 Off Mahakali Caves Road Tel: (2) 3 18 19 72,
D-66280 Sulzbach/Saar Tel: (3 61) 89 12 61-5, HYDAC Sp. z o.o. Fax: (31) 9 30 16 17 Tel: (9 05) 7 14 93 22 China Andheri (E) 3 18 00 86
Tel: (0 68 97) 509-01 89 12 82-3, 89 12 78-9 ul. Wyzwolenia 27 Fax: (9 05) 7 14 46 64 Tel: (21) 64 63 35 10 IND-Bombay 400 093 Fax: (2) 3 19 81 80
PL-43-190 Mikolow RUAL S.A. - T.B. St. Gallen Fax: (21) 64 30 02 57 Tel: (22) 8 38 62 23
Fax: technical service Fax: (3 61) 89 12 70
Tel: (32) 1 26 26 55, Langgasse 91 Fax: (22) 8 38 62 23 Aerofluid Co. Ltd.
(0 68 97) 509-300
26 02 75 CH-9008 St. Gallen 600/441 Moo 14,
Fax: sales service FINLAND
Fax: (32) 1 26 27 09 Tel: (71) 2 42 66 77 IRAN Paholyothin Rd.
(0 68 97) 509-454 HYDAC OY
Telex: 0312981 Fax: (71) 2 45 27 90 Iran Hydraulic Systems Lamlookka
Martinkyläntie 67
Co. Ltd. Patumthanee 12130
HYDAC FIN-01720 Vantaa
PORTUGAL 310, Mirdamad Ave. Tel: (2) 5 36-71 29,
TECHNOLOGY GMBH Tel: (9) 8 54 50 50
Gustavo Cudell Lda. Bazar Bozorg Mirdamad 5 36-71 53, 5 36-80 69,
P.O. Box 12 51 Fax: (9) 85 45 05 20
Rua Eng. P.O. Box 19395-3636 5 36-80 70, 5 36-62 28,
D-66273 Sulzbach/Saar
Ferreira Dias, 954 IR-Teheran 9 92-16 44-7
Industriegebiet FRANCE
P-4100 Porto Tel: (21) 8 88 35 18 Fax: (2) 5 36-71 31
D-66280 Sulzbach/Saar HYDAC S.à.r.l.
Tel: (2) 6 10 20 04 Fax: (21) 8 88 90 89
Tel: (0 68 97) 509-01 Zone lndustrielle du Heid
Fax: (2) 6 10 30 70 Telex: 213636, Attn. D5067 USA
Fax: (0 68 97) 509-454 Rue R. Schumann
Telex: 4 429 331 F-57350 Stiring-Wendel Telex: 27271 HYCON Corporation
JAPAN 2260 City Line Road
Tel: (03) 87 29 26 00 Soken Kogyo Co. Ltd.
Standard Movicontrol Lda. USA-Bethlehem,
Praca Pedra Verde, 4-15-3 Matsue PA 18017
Fax: (03) 87 85 90 81 Edogawa-ku
217-222 postal address:
P-4100 Porto Tokyo/Japan P.O. Box 22050
GREECE Tel: 03-3653-0579
AUTOMATION Tel: (2) 6 10 41 76 Lehigh Valley,
Fax: (2) 6 10 44 75 Fax: 03-3653-7923 PA 18002-2050
SYSTEM S.A.
Spirou Patsi 62 Telex: 29192 movipo Tel: (6 10) 2 66-01 00
MEXICO
GR-11855 Athens Fax: (6 10) 2 64-35 40
Herlo Hidraulica, S.A.
Tel: (1) 3 41 16 00 SLOVAKIA E-Mail:
Calzada Vallejo No. 923
Fax: (1) 3 42 27 59 HYDROMAL S.R.O. powerup@hydacusa.com
Col. Nueva Industrial
Schmidtova 14
Vallejo
ITALY 03601 Martin HYDAC Corporation
CP. 07750
Rual S.P.A. Tel: (8 42) 3 58 93 2280 City Line Road
Mexico, D.F.
Via Copernico 8 Fax: (8 42) 3 58 94 USA-Bethlehem,
Mexico
I-20060 Cassina PA 18017
Tel: (5) 5 67-54 00
de Pecchi (Mi) SPAIN postal address:
Fax: (5) 5 67-55 54
Tel: (2) 95 34 30 92 Bultz S.A. P.O. Box 22050
Fax: (2) 95 34 43 57 Paseo de Arriola, 15 SINGAPORE Lehigh Valley,
E-20009 San Sebastian HYDAC Technology PA 18002-2050
Tel: (43) 21 70 00 Pte. Ltd. Tel: (6 10) 2 64-95 03
Fax: (43) 21 72 07 32 Kallang Pudding Road Fax: (6 10) 2 64-95 19
Telex: 36540 # 06-05 E-Mail:
Elite Industrial Building 1 powerup@hydacusa.com
Singapore 349313
Tel: (7 41) 74 58
Fax: (7 41) 04 34
62 63
 Notes

64