Unit 19

Assembly line Series of machines and workers in a factory where a product is built
as it moves along

Churn out Produce large amounts of something quickly, usually of low quality

Erode the manufacturing base Reduce the factory facilities in a region or country

Excess production capacity Ability of a factory to produce more than it actually does

Hire and fire Employ and dismiss

Output Amount produced by a person, machine or factory

Product-led Activities are determined by the requirements of the product (as

opposed to consumer-led)

Retool Replace machinery in a factory

Stockpile Build up a large store of goods which have not been sold yet

Technical glitch Small problem or fault that prevents something from working well

Unit 20
Round the clock All day and night

Get hot under the collar Get angry

Picked on Chosen frequently and unfairly to do something and unfairly to do

something unpleasant.

Put their money where their Show by spending money that they believe in something.
mouth is

Passed over Ignored.

Breathing down the neck Watching everything someone else does.

Get on with Continue doing work

Up to scratch Of an acceptable standard.

Unit 21
Word Synonym Antonym

Premise assumption/Proposition denial/rejection

Capitalism commercialism/private enterprise communism

Deprive bankrupt/dismantle construct/give

Obligation agreement/commitment disagreement/disbelief

Critical demanding/critic trivial/uncritical

Discretion deliberation/vigilance disregard/neglect

Curious interested/intrusive incurious/indifferent

Compliance conformity/observance refusal/resistance

Ethics belief/ethos dishonor/immorality

Stake holders partner/associate -

Unit 22
Word Antonyms Synonyms
Strategy Chaos Scheme
Acquisition Loss, failure Attainment; Acquirement;
Accomplishment
Highest Lowest Advanced; Overlooking;
Prominent; Eminent
Tremendous Tiny; Awful Enormous; Ginormous; Howling;
Fantastic
Diversification Specialization Variegation; Change; Variation
Bolt-on - Accessory; Supplement;
Appurtenance; Add-on
Broaden Narrow Extend; Widen; Branch out
Inquisitiveness Indifference Curiousness
Continual Sporadic; Irregular; Infrequent Revenant; Recurring; Repetitive;
Perennial
Brightest Dull; Overcast Vivid; Brilliant; Agleam
Target - Aim; Direct; Objective
Improvement Decline; Pass up; Go down Advance; Betterment; Melioration
Unit 23
Words Antonyms Synonyms
Expand Compress, contract, cut back Enlarge, develop, extend

Competitor Non-competitor Contender, rival, challenger

Producer - Manufacturer, maker, fabricator

Improve Decline, demote, deteriorate Ameliorate, enhance, develop

Extremely Moderately, mildly Intensely, greatly, markedly

Projection - Prediction, forecast, estimation

Interested Unconcerned, uninterested, ignorant Involved, engrossed, keen

Undertake Cease, finish, abstain Begin, commence, launch

Opportunity misfortune Chance, probability

Demonstrate Conceal, falsify Show, manifest, exhibit

Country - Nation

12. necessary Unnecessary, inessential, unimportant Essential, imperative, mandatory

Unit 24
Cost Cutting The reduction of costs, especially in a business.

Negative publicity Negative Publicity is the adverse publicity that a firm

may incur due to a particular reason, which may lead
to potentially disastrous consequences

Industrial Accidents Danger originating from technological or industrial

accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure
failures or certain human activities, which may cause
the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and
economic disruption or environmental degradation.

Contingency plans A plan designed to take account of a possible future

event or circumstance.

Risk Management (In business) the forecasting and evaluation of

financial risks together with the identification of
procedures to avoid or minimize their impact.
Duped Deceive, trick, defraud

Business Outsourcing Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of

outsourcing that involves the contracting of the
operations and responsibilities of a specific business
process to a third-party service provider

Tarnish Loose, deteriorate

Subcontractor A firm or person that carries out work for a company

as part of a larger project