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EI 6602 PROCESS CONTROL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Prepared by Ms. K. S. Jaibhavani A. P (Sel. G) & Ms. K. Rathna Priya A. P (O. G)

QUESTION BANK
UNIT – I PROCESS DYNAMICS

PART A
1. Distinguish between batch process and continuous process (BLT 2)
2. Define degrees of freedom. (BLT 1)
3. Write the different mathematical models used in process control? (BLT 1)
4 Define self-regulation and non self-regulation? (BLT 1)
5. Distinguish between servo and regulator operation of control system (BLT 2)
6. Write any two characteristics of first order process (BLT 1)
7. List any four objectives of process control. (BLT 1)
8. Define interacting system and give an example. (BLT 1)
9. A tank operating at 10 ft head, 5 lpm outflow through a valve and has a cross section area
of 10 sq. ft. calculate the time constant. (BLT 5)
10. Classify systems based on their interacting levels and give example (BLT 3)
11. Outline the need for mathematical model? (BLT 2)
12. Illustrate the second order system using its general form of transfer function. (BLT 3)
13. Discuss the need for process automation? (BLT 2)
14. A Self regulatory system doesn’t require a controller. True/False. Justify the answer. (BLT 5)
15. Explain is the significance of "degree of freedom"? (BLT 4)
16. Examine the need for servo operation? (BLT 3)
17. Categorize the ways to obtain the mathematical modeling of higher order process? (BLT 4)
18. Formulate the steps involved in linearizing the nonlinear systems. (BLT 5)
19. How lumped and distributed systems are developed? (BLT 6)
20. Generalize the list of control variables in Heat Exchanger and CSTR. (BLT 6)

PART-B
1. Describe a simple thermal system in which incoming liquid is heated by the heater in the
tank and going out with higher temperature. Develop first order transfer function of the
thermal process (NOV/DEC 2012). (BLT 1)

2. Develop a mathematical model for the system shown in fig below. What are the states for his
system? All the flowrates are volumetric and the cross sectional areas of the tanks are A1, A2
and A3 (ft2), respectively. The flow rate F 5 is constant and does not depend on h3, while all
other effluent rates are proportional to corresponding hydrostatic liquid pressures the cause
the flow. (NOV/DEC 2012). (BLT 6)

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3. Consider the system shown in fig. Develop a mathematical model for the system. Assume
that the effluent stream from a tank is proportional to the hydrostatic liquid pressure that
causes the flow of liquid. Cross-sectional area of tank 1 is A1 (ft2) and of tank 2 is A2 (ft2).
The flow rates F1, F2, F3are in ft2/min. take necessary assumptions. (MAY/JUNE 2012)
(BLT 5)

4. Differentiate servo and regulatory operation with the help of suitable example. Explain
with suitable examples, the difference between the interacting and non- interacting
processes. (NOV/DEC 2010). (BLT 2)

5. (a) Difference between the continuous and batch process with the help of neat diagrams.
(b) List the merits and demerits of the continuous and batch process (APR/MAY 2010).
(BLT 2)

6. Obtain the mathematical model of a first order pneumatic process. (Apr 2015). (BLT 3)
7. Define self regulation. Give an example of a self regulated process? (BLT 1)
8. Explain heat exchanger with a neat sketch. (BLT 4)
9. Describe with neat diagrams CSTR in detail (BLT 1)
10. How would linearization of nonlinear system obtained in process dynamics. (BLT 3)

UNIT 2 CONTROL ACTIONS

PART A
1. List the basic control actions in process control? (BLT 1)
2. Define proportional band. (BLT 1)
3. Define reset time (BLT 1)

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4. Define differential gap. Why is it introduced in a process? (BLT 1)

5. Identify two parameters of ON-OFF controller (BLT 1)
6. Develop the open loop response of an inverse response process when excited with unit step
input (BLT 6)
7. Define neutral zone in ON-OFF controller? (BLT 1)
8. Construct the input, output characteristics of single speed floating controller. (BLT 6)
9. Discuss integral windup and Anti reset windup. (BLT 2)
10. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of PI control? (BLT 2)
11. Examine about single speed floating control? (BLT 3)
12. Derivative controls cannot be used alone. Justify your answer. (BLT 5)
13. Point out the dead time with block diagram. (BLT 4)
14 Explain the ¼ decay ratio with graph (BLT 4)
15. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of 2-position control? (BLT 5)
16. Analyze why derivative mode of control is not recommended for a noisy process? (BLT 4)
17. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages and applications of PD controller? (BLT 2)
18. Describe differential gap? What are its effects? Is it a desirable factor? (BLT 2)
19. Show the advantages and disadvantages of PID controlactions? (BLT 3)
20. Calculate the r1 and r2 values for an electronic p-controller with a proportional gain 5. (BLT
3)

PART B
1. With neat schematic diagram describe the single speed floating control.(Nov13) (BLT 1)
2. Discuss the working of electronic PID controller with neat diagram.(Nov13) (BLT 2)
3. Examine when an on-off controller is recommended? How its performance affected by
process dead time.(May12) (BLT 3)
4. A PI controller has 20% and integral time of 10sec.for a constant error of 5%.determine the
controller output after 10sec.the controller offset is 25%.(May12) (BLT 5)
5. Compare the features of ON & OFF, P, I, D control modes and draw their
characteristics.(Nov10) (BLT 4)
6. Describe cycling in the process output in which control mode it occurs.(May10) (BLT 2)
7. Why Derivative control is not recommended alone for any process? (BLT 6)
8. Compare Proportional, Integral and Derivative controllers (BLT 4)
9. Given the error values plot a graph of a PI and PID controller output as a function of time
Kp=5, KI=0.7s-1, KD=0.5s and PI (0) =20% (BLT 1)

Error +1

0 1 2 3 4 5 time (sec)

10. Given the error values plot a graph of a P+I, P+I+D controller output as a function of time
Kp = 5, KI = 1 s-1, KD =0.5s and PI(0)=20% (BLT 1)

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Error +1

0 1 2 3 4 5 time (sec)

.
UNIT III FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS

Part A
1. Mention the functions of valve positioner? (BLT 3)
2. Describe the function of an actuator? What are the different types of actuators? (BLT 2)
3. Define range-ability of a control valve.(BLT 1)
4. Classify the different types of process parameters to be considered in selection of control
valves? 1(BLT 3)
5. Summarize the different types of factors to be considered in control valve sizing? (BLT 6)
6. Differentiate flashing and cavitations in a control valve. (BLT 2)
7. Analyze why is equal % valve mostly used in process industries? (BLT 4)
8. Formulate flashing in control valve? (BLT 5)
9. Why installed characteristics of a control valve is different from inherent
characteristics? (BLT 4)
10. Mention the use of electrical actuators (BLT 3)
11. What is the purpose of final control element? (BLT 1)
12. Discuss “quick opening” control valve. (BLT 2)
13. Define Control Valve sizing(BLT 1)
14. Point out the function of control valve in a flow control system(BLT 4)
15. Why is an equal percentage valve is called as ”equal percentage” valve(BLT 1)
16. What is an electric actuator? (BLT 1)
17. Compare pneumatic and electric actuators. (BLT 5)
18. State the characteristics of control valve. (BLT 1)
19. Explain two advantages of using positioner in a control valve. (BLT 6)
20. Draw the inherent valve characteristics of an equal percentage valve. (BLT 2)

PART B
1. Design a neat sketch of pneumatic actuated control valve with positioned and explain its
working.(Dec 10) (BLT 6)
2. Illustrate the principles of working and construction of I/P converter.(Nov 12) (BLT 3)
3. Discuss in detail about control valve sizing(Apr 2015) (BLT 2)
4. Write short notes on
(i) Cavitation and Flashing
(ii) I/P converter (Apr 2015) (BLT 1)
5. Explain the basic types of valves. Elaborate the selection of valves for different
applications.(Nov 2014) (BLT 5)
6. What is installed and inherent characteristics of control valve.(Nov 2014) (BLT 1)
7. With necessary diagram, analyze the characteristics of a control valve.(Nov 2012) (BLT
4)
8. With a neat diagram, explain the functioning of a valve positioner. What are the
advantages of using the same? (BLT 1)

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9. Give the modeling of pneumatic control valve in detail. (BLT 2)

10. Point out the factors involved in selection of control valve. (BLT 4)

UNIT – IV CONTROLLER TUNING

PART A
1. Write Ziegler- Nicolas tuning formulae. (BLT 1)
2. Define controller tuning. (BLT 1)
3. Explain reaction curve? (BLT 6)
4. What performance criterion should be used for the selection and tuning of controllers?
(BLT 3)
5. Explain ultimate gain. (BLT 5)
6. What is ITAE and when to go for it? (BLT 1)
7. Point out the parameters required to design a best controller? (BLT 4)
8. Summarize the practical significance of the gain margin. (BLT 6)
9. Why is it necessary to choose controller settings that satisfy both gain margin and phase
margin? (BLT 5)
10. Analyze the tuning a controller based on quarter – decay ratio? (BLT 4)
11. Classify the time integral performance criteria measures. (BLT 3)
12. Define Integral Square Errors (ISE) (BLT 1)
13. Discuss Integral Absolute Errors (IAE) (BLT 2)
14. Define Integral of Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) (BLT 1)
15. Describe One-quarter decay ratio. (BLT 2)
16. Mention the satisfactory control for gas liquid level process. (BLT 3)
17. Give the satisfactory control for gas pressure process. (BLT 2)
18. Point out the satisfactory control for temperature process. (BLT 4)
19. Give the satisfactory control for composition process. (BLT 1)
20. Discuss Cohen-Coon method (BLT 2)

PART B
1. Discuss in detail about damped oscillation method (Apr 2015) (BLT 2)
2. Explain the process of tuning feedback controller using process reaction curve method (Apr
2015) (BLT 4)
3. How controllers are tuned based on frequency response method? (Nov 2014) (BLT 4)
4. How will you identify the various evaluation criteria and explain in detail (Nov 2014) (BLT 1)
5. Explain the process reaction curve method and Ziegler Nichol's method of tuning a controller.
(May 2013) (BLT 5)
6. What is the use of evaluation criteria? Explain IAE, I8E, ITAE and1/4decay ratio criteria’s.
(May 2013) (BLT 3)
7. Name the basis for selection of type of controller for various processes. (BLT 1)
8. Formulate the characteristics of auto tuning (BLT 6)
9. Describe the tuning procedure when mathematical model of the process is available. (BLT 2)
10. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of the three time integral criteria, ISE
and ITAE? How would you select the most appropriate for a particular application? (BLT 1)

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UNIT-V MULTILOOP CONTROL

PART A
1. Illustrate ratio control with an example. (BLT 3)
2. Describe cascade control. (BLT 2)
3. When cascade control will give improved performance than conventional feedback control?
(BLT 1)
4. Explain the purpose of cascade control for heat exchangers? (BLT 6)
5. Discuss P & I diagrams? (BLT 2)
6. What is split-range control? (BLT 1)
7. Differentiate split-range control and selective control. (BLT 4)
8. Why are fuel and air sent at a specified ratio into a combustion chamber? (BLT 5)
9. What are decouplers? (BLT 1)
10. When is inferential control used? (BLT 1)
11. Mention the advantages of feed forward controller? (BLT 4)
12. Illustrate the disadvantages of feed forward controller? (BLT 3)
13. Summarize the advantages of feedback controller? (BLT 6)
14. Relate the advantages of feed forward and feedback controller? (BLT 3)
15. Define feed forward control. (BLT 1)
16. Explain dead time compensation? (BLT 4)
17. Define IMC controller. (BLT 1)
18. Discuss the use of feed forward controller (BLT 2)
19. Describe adaptive control. (BLT 2)
20. Why are fuel and air sent at a specified ratio into a combustion chamber? (BLT 5)

PART B
1. What is split range control? Explain a simple application, where it is used.(Nov 2014) (BLT
6)
2. Explain the implementation of ratio control for a blending process(Nov 2014) (BLT 1)
3. Explain dynamic characteristics of a cascade control system. Explain it with an example?
When do you recommend such a control system?(Apr 2015) (BLT 5)
4. Explain inferential control scheme with an example(Apr 2015) (BLT 1)
5. Explain the issues involved in multivariable control.(Apr 2013) (BLT 2)
6. Briefly explain the operation of adaptive control scheme with the help of a neat block
diagram. (Dec 2012) (BLT 4)
7. Illustrate Model Predictive control and IMC scheme with an example (BLT 3)
8. Demonstrate the concept of feed forward control with the aid of block diagram (BLT 3)
9. List the difficulties involved in controlling multivariable system with example from
distillation column (BLT 1)
10. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of cascade control? For what kind of
processes can you employ cascade control? (BLT 2)

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