Bill Stamatopoulos PDF

VERIFUEL
–
UNDERSTANDING
MARINE FUEL
2020 FUELS
Bill Stamatopoulos
Nov 2018
Fuel DefiniCons

ü Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10% S

ü Very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), max 0.50% S
ü Low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO), max 1.00% S
ü High sulphur fuel oil (HSFO), above 1.00% S
ü LS MGO – max 0.10% S (no heaEng required)

ü HS MGO – above 0.10% S (no heaEng required)
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Sulphur % in crude and products

Sulphur Crude AGO L. VGO H. VGO Atm. Resid Vac. Resid
Doba 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12
Statfjord 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.36 0.4 0.6
Brent 0.37 0.185 0.37 0.666 0.74 1.11
Khakhzastan 0.75 0.375 0.75 1.35 1.5 2.25
Zakum 1 0.5 1 1.8 2 3
Oman 2 1 2 3.6 4 6
Iran heavy 3.5 1.75 3.5 6.3 7 10.5


Majors: There will be enough compliant fuel
ü  Lukoil in the market; BP, Galp & Cepsa to follow
ü  Shell: VLSFO in 13 ports US, Europe, ME, Africa and Singapore
ü  EM: CompaEble VLFSO marine blends at 7 ports (80:20?)
ü  Sinopec will supply VLSFO in 2019 iniEally in Chinese ports
ü  SK InnovaEon plans to double markeEng volumes of VLSFO
ü  Hyundai Oilbank will start supplying VLSFO in Oct 2019

Refineries producing HSFO will be the most threatened, the ones with
min HSFO (coking, hydrocracking) see 2020 as opportunity to print cash


Technical consideraCons
Blending:
AromaCcs:
ü  Improve stability
ü  NegaEve impact on igniEon properEes
 
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Paraffins:
ü  May disturb stability
ü  Improves igniEon properEes
ü  Expensive product
 
 GOAL: Balance between Paraffins and AromaEcs

Blending
§  Historically, the controlling
parameters for refiners or Parameters Sulphur > 1.50% Sulphur < 1.50%
blenders have been viscosity and Density (kg/m3) 980.5 986.4
density, before Sulphur became so
Viscosity (mm2/s) 239 87
important
MCR (%m/m) 10.7 7.9
§  Suppliers and traders have had to Sulphur (%m/m) 2.11 1.46
develop their methods so that
increased blending acEviEes meet Calcium (mg/kg) 3 13
the required S content, albeit at Al + Si (mg/kg) 18 66
the expense of the product’s
overall quality CCAI 847 864
6
ü  Stability
ü  CompaCbility: No guarantee that a vessel bunkering a 0.50% S at Roferdam will
then be able to pick up a compaEble fuel in Singapore as it goes east
ü  West: Focusing on fuel oil soluEon (US/Europe – old refineries)
ü  East: Focusing on disEllate based soluEon (India/China – high tech refineries)
ü  Acidity: Sweet crude sources with high Acid Number (e.g. DOBA)
ü  Viscosity: No minimum limit in ISO 8217, Table 2
ü  CCAI: Larger difference between viscosity and density

ü  Pour Point: ULSFO/VLSFOs close to max limits
Parameter Blend comp A Blend comp B
Density @ 15C, g/cm3 0.8787 0.8781
Sulphur, % m/m 0.131 0.352
Viscosity, cSt 6.249 (100˚C) 11.28 (100˚C)
Pour Point,˚C +51 +48

ü  AddiEves may be applied to suppress PP. WAT can be significantly above PP (in blend comp A, WAT
will be higher than 51C and cannot be suppressed by addiEves)
ü  The visc for blend comp A is “fairly high” (25 cSt) but what if this was lower. Worst case scenario
would be that you have to heat the fuel in tanks, and in order to get it through separators and
filters, then cool it down in order to inject (be careful not to cool too much as it would then go
solid!)

2 NEW VLSFOs
Parameters RMD 80 RMK 380
Density (kg/m3) 911.6 999.1

Viscosity (mm2/s) 35.4 325.0
MCR (%m/m) 2.77 11.6
Sulphur (%m/m) 0.48
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 0.49
Water % (V/V) 0.02 0.1
TSA % (m/m) 0.02 0.04
Pour Point (°C) 24 -‐12
Al + Si (mg/kg) 5 15
CCAI 803 862

Trials in USA with VGO
Blend 4 (10% HCGO + 90%
Test Unit Blend 1 (70% LS Vistar + 30% HTU2) Blend 2 (40% HS Vistar + 60% HTU2) Blend 3 (50% HCGO + 50% HTU2)
Reduced crude)
Density at 15 °C kg/m³ 956.2 914.9 945.5 945.6

Viscosity at 50 °C mm²/s 103.2 13.61 7,115 59.27
Flash Point Deg C 88.0 73.0 65.0 128.0
Pour Point Deg C -‐9 -‐30 -‐30 9
MCR % m/m 11.08 6.91 1.20 2.08
Ash content % m/m 0.014 0.019 0.004 0.011
TSP % m/m 0.05 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
0.07 <0.01 <0.01
Water % v/v 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.10
Sulphur % m/m 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.40
CCAI 832 825 871 829
mg
Acid number 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21
KOH/g
Vanadium mg/kg 11 24 <1 2
Sodium mg/kg 4 17 2 4
Aluminium + Silicon mg/kg 33 <15 15 26
ULO metals -‐ free of free of free of free of
TSA % m/m 0.20 0.27 0.01 <0.01
P-‐value 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.10

HCGO : HEAVY COKER GAS OIL
HCO: HEAVY CYCLE OIL
ISO 8217
ü  The Publically Available SpecificaEon (PAS 23263) for the interim period will
provide detailed guidance to fuel suppliers and users on key idenEfied fuel
characterisEcs/aspects such as stability and cold flow properEes (wax
precipitaEon). Feedback on PAS to IMO by MEPC 74. PAS will help to deliver full
revision of 8217 aver 2020

ASTM D4740 – COMP. TEST
1 2 3 4 5
Not a reliable test method to use on ULSFO

New test methods for VLSFOs?
Test DescripCon Method

P – Value Stability/Maximum FlocculaEon RaEo and PepEzing ASTM
Power D7060
SARA Saturates, AromaEcs, Resins, Asphaltenes & composiEon IP469
(paraffinic content vs aromaEc)
WAT -‐ wax appearance DSC IP389
temperature
Phase transiCon temperature DSR / DeterminaEon of iniEal point of crystallizaEon DSR
CIMAC WG7 Fuels assists ISO 8217

hfp://www.cimac.com/working-‐groups/wg7-‐fuels/index.html

Preparing for 2020 fuels
ü  Risk assessment and miEgaEon plan
ü  How many Bunker tanks does each vessel have (HFO + MGO)? When were the tanks last cleaned?
ü  How many Sefling and Service tanks does the vessel have (for change-‐over Eme)?
ü  Evaluate tanks (segregaEon, heaEng capacity) & fuel treatment systems (separators, filters)
ü  Need to change to a lower TBN cylinder oil?
ü  Fixed trade routes or spot market?
ü  How oven will the vessel be entering IMO’s ECAs?
ü  Introduce new bunker or charter party clauses
ü  De-‐bunkering of non-‐compliant fuel before the carriage ban

Tank Cleaning
  ….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO

  99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1% HSFO 3.35% = 0.52% S
  99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1.5% HSFO 3.35% = 0.535% S
ü  Empty tank (only unpumpables remains)
ü  Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)
ü  Manually remove the unpumpables
ü  Manually clean the tanks (preferably steam cleaned as well)
ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel
ü  Consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less may remain) before 1 Jan 2020
so that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020
fuel in the same tank
ü  Tank should be ready for 2020 regulaEons
Tank cleaning
….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO
ü  Empty tank (only unpumpables remains) -‐ Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)
ü  Add MGO or ULSFO in the tank (quanEty depending on tank volume)
ü  Let the MGO or ULSFO remain in the tank for at least 1 week (preferably while sailing)
ü  If possible, recirculate the fuel into the same tank as much as possible
ü  Empty tank (only unpumpable remains) by either debunkering or if possible, transfer to sludge tank
ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel to max. safety limits. Try to get fuel with sulphur content <0.45%
ü  Consume all of the fuel (max 2% may remain) in the tank preferably at least 4 months before 2020
ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel and take an engine inlet sample when at least 80% of the fuel in the tank
has been consumed to test for S
ü  If S content >0.50%, repeat last three steps
ü  If S content =<0.50%, then consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less should remain) before 1 Jan 2020 so
that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020 fuel in the same tank
Preparing for 2020 fuels
§  Prepare ship staff for:

ü  Receiving different viscosiEes (ex.187 cSt in port A, 23 cSt
in port B). Remember, most of the staff are used to 380 cSt
fuel that does not differ too much from one delivery to
another
ü  SegregaEng each fuel by not mixing more than 95:5 raEo
ü  Study CerEficate of Quality (CoQ) carefully before bunker
operaEon

Update / Check Change-‐over procedures
Calculation with different Service Tanks
HS Tank Mixing Tube

Inlet
Booster
Supply Pump Engines
Pump
A B
Inlet
LS Tank
Independent piping to the change over procedure (Piping A)

Change over associated piping (Piping B)
Required Parameters
Total F.O Consumption (M/E & D/Gs) 200 ltr/hr

Capacity of Mixing tube & Piping B 50 ltr
HSFO VLSFO
Sulphur 3.50 % m/m Sulphur 0.499 % m/m
Initial Temp 135.0 °C Initial Temp 30.0 °C
Change over time required to reach 0.1% S 120 Min LogEXP doesn't work so I set the base for
Max. Temperature Drop / min 7.00 °C the LOG = 2.71828182845904
Recommended Flow rate for max. temp. drop 2 °C / min 57.14 ltr/hr
Total quantity of FO-‐LS used 400.34 Ltr
© Copyright Bureau Veritas

Conclusions
§  Difficult to adapt to a new environment
ü  Training
ü  Knowledge sharing
ü  CooperaEon
© Copyright Bureau Veritas

Thank you for your
attention
bill.stamatopoulos@gr.bureauveritas.com

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VERIFUEL

ü Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10% S

ü LS MGO – max 0.10% S (no heaEng required)

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Density (kg/m3) 911.6 999.1

Water % (V/V) 0.02 0.1

TSA % (m/m) 0.02 0.04

Pour Point (°C) 24 -­‐12

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Density at 15 °C kg/m³ 956.2 914.9 945.5 945.6

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Not a reliable test method to use on ULSFO

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Test DescripCon Method

CIMAC WG7 Fuels assists ISO 8217

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

§ Prepare ship staﬀ for:

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

HS Tank Mixing Tube

Independent piping to the change over procedure (Piping A)

Total F.O Consumption (M/E & D/Gs) 200 ltr/hr

© Copyright Bureau Veritas

ü Knowledge sharing

© Copyright Bureau Veritas

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

ü Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10% S

ü LS MGO – max 0.10% S (no heaEng required)

Pour Point (°C) 24 -‐12

§  Prepare ship staﬀ for:

ü  Knowledge sharing