RESUMO
1. O CONCEITO DE ÉTICA
2
JOSÉ RENATO NALINI, Ética Geral e Profissional, São Paulo, RT, 4º edição,2004, p.27.
3
3
JOSÉ RENATO NALINI, ib idem, p.30.
4
Assim, este sujeito racional figura como o único ser dotado de vida
que possui a capacidade de dominar e transformar o ambiente .
Dita atuação, juntamente com a falta de uma consciência de vida
holística, vem deteriorando nossa casa comum e ameaçando a continuidade da vida humana na
Terra em diversos aspectos.
Com a eminência desta ideologia patológica, a subjetividade
moderna não nos fornece bases seguras para responder questões de caráter difuso. O peso dos
interesses particulares o fusca a visão dos interesses coletivos.
A ânsia de acelerar todos os meios produtivos na perspectiva de
acumulação de bens, seja privadamente, seja coletivamente, entorpece a consciência.
Quando analisamos o reflexo desta maneira de agir do homem no
meio-ambiente, verificamos que o capitalismo desenfreado, que possui a lógica predatória do
lucro imediato, retira mais da natureza do que ela pode repor, esquecendo-se que ela é finita e
esgotável.
Uma exploração da natureza pelo homem de maneira irresponsável,
degrada em ritmo frenético o que a mãe-natureza esculpiu com tanta paciência ao longo de
bilhões de anos, causando danos irreparáveis à biosfera, o que conseqüentemente, poderá destruir
as condições de vida dos seres humanos.
Como prevê o best seller da literatura mundial contemporânea:
“Há anos atrás, decidimos coletivamente nos concentrarmos em dominar a natureza, em usar
nossa ciência e tecnologia para nos acomodarmos no mundo... Fabricamos a ilusão de que
vivíamos num universo totalmente explicável e previsível... Aos poucos, contudo, um despertar
teve início. Nosso despertar não é nada menos do que nos libertarmos da preocupação secular da
era moderna, e abrirmos nossa mente para uma visão nova e mais verdadeira do mundo " 4.
ou negligenciados.
O direito como uma disciplina dinâmica que visa atender as
demandas da sociedade, vem adaptando-se a este nova modalidade de direito fundamental, qual
seja, tutelar o meio ambiente visando à qualidade de vida digna da humanidade.
Em junho de 1972, em Estocolmo, realizou-se uma Conferência
das Nações Unidas, aonde foi promulgado um prolongamento da Declaração Universal dos
Direitos do Homem.
Esta declaração, nos seus Primeiros e Segundos Princípios,
confirmou que o ser humano tem direito fundamental à liberdade, à igualdade e condições
adequadas de sobrevivência num meio ambiente que o permita usufruir uma vida digna, ou seja,
com qualidade de vida, com a finalidade também de preservar e melhorar o meio ambiente para
as gerações atuais e futuras.
A proteção ambiental referenciada em Estocolmo faz com que o
comecemos a pensar de maneira diferente, acordando que junto com o desenvolvimento
econômico mundial deva ser consagrado o direito fundamental da vida humana na terra, visando
com isto à melhora do meio ambiente em benefício do homem atual e de seus descendentes.
Assim, infere-se que Estocolmo foi à abertura do caminho para o
reconhecimento do meio ambiente como um direito fundamental entre os direitos sociais do
homem.
Este novo ramo do Direito, formado em torno do fenômeno
ambiental, consiste na formação de regras jurídicas de natureza pública, que buscam soluções
possíveis para os problemas desta ordem apresentados. È uma disciplina jurídica de grande
autonomia, devido à natureza do objeto destinatário da norma, qual seja, a compatibilidade da
qualidade de vida com a qualidade do meio ambiente.
De acordo com Michel Prier, Diretor e Professor do Centro de
Direito do Ambiente. Da Universidade de Strasbourg: “Na medida em que o ambiente é a
expressão de uma visão global das intenções e das relações dos seres vivos entre eles e com seu
meio, não é surpreendente que o Direito do Ambiente seja um Direito de caráter horizontal, que
recubra os diferentes ramos clássicos do Direito (Direito Civil, Direito Administrativo, Direito
Penal, Direito Internacional), é um Direito das Interações, que se encontra disperso nas várias
regulamentações. Mais do que um novo ramo do Direito com seu próprio corpo de regras, o
Direito Ambiental tende a penetrar todos os sistemas jurídicos existentes”
A Declaração de Estocolmo influenciou a elaboração do capítulo
destinado ao meio ambiente na Constituição Federal de 1988 que reconhece o direito a um meio
ambiente como um direito humano fundamental.
5
EDUARDO GARCIA MAYNEZ, op. cit., p.166.
7
6
LEONARDO BOFF. ETHOS MUNDIAL. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Sextante, 2003, p. 98.
8
6. A ÉTICA ECOCENTRADA
7
JOSÉ RENATO NALINI, op.cit. p.176
9
chama seu nicho ecológico, isto é, os fatores edáficos, climáticos e hidrográficos do lugar em
que se vive. Tem-se então o se denomina auto-ecologia. Posto que um determinado nicho
ecológico não se encontra isolado senão em simbiose com outros situados em seu contorno, o
estudo se pode ampliar ao conjunto de todos estes nichos, e das espécies que o povoam, o que é
objeto da sinecologia,. Finalmente, se pode proceder a contemplar a totalidade dos seres vivos,
suas mútuas relações e as relações que guardam com os fatores abióticos, o que constitui a
biosfera ”.8
Ética Ambiental é uma conduta de comportamento do ser humano
com a natureza, que se baseia na conscientização ambiental e no compromisso preservacionista,
visando à conservação da vida global.
A proteção da natureza não está ligada à educação, riqueza ou
religião. Trata-se de uma obrigação legal, moral e ética, que posiciona o homem frente à
natureza, refletindo-se em ações que sem dúvida trarão resultados favoráveis à preservação
ambiental e conseqüentemente à melhoria da qualidade de vida.
A ética ecológica passa a ser o início de uma nova tendência
ideológica.
A lei ambiental não está sendo suficiente para coibir o desastre
ecológico, fazendo crer como única solução viável para salvar o meio ambiente, e o homem, a
formação de uma nova cultura ecológica, que inverta a pretensiosa concepção de que a natureza
é apenas meio e os objetivos do homem o único fim.
Tudo que existe tem sua importância e passa a fazer parte desta
nova relação ética.
Assim como em toda ética contemporânea, requer o aparecimento
de um compromisso pessoal que se desenvolve pelo próprio indivíduo, dentro dele, ou seja, é
Ético.
É preciso a mudança na consciência de cada um. “Se ninguém é
capaz individualmente, de reverter o processo destrutivo todos são capazes, em pessoa, de uma
correção de rumos”.9
Tratando aqui da sobrevivência de todos os seres que habitam a
Terra, transcendendo os interesses imediatistas e egoísticos, não é preciso ter uma personalidade
mundial para ser ambientalmente ético, basta acreditar na causa e atuar no universo em que
habita de maneira a contribuir para a melhoria do mundo.
Precisamos de pessoas que acreditem, participem e sejam cidadãos
8
EMÍLIO GARCIA ESTÉBANEZ, “ El âmbito para l vida: ecologia, in Violência y respeto a
la vida, Salamanca: Editorial San Esteban, 1980, p. 190.
9
JOSÉ RENATO NALINI, op. cit., p. 178.
10
CONCLUSÃO:
A ética é a ciência que estuda a moral e tem como objetivo
influenciar esta de acordo com os valores e necessidades da sociedade. .
O mundo, nos últimos tempos, vem sofrendo de uma doença moral
que se reflete em todos os âmbitos de sua existência.
Esta doença se deve à eleição de valores incorretos e vazios.
Na questão ambiental. O Homem vem tratando a natureza, dádiva
do criador, como uma matéria a ser utilizada na satisfação das suas necessidades capitalistas,
retirando dela mais do que precisa.
Esta ambição imensurável passa a surtir seus efeitos. E o meio
ambiente entra em crise, o que demanda providências imediatas, pois ele condiciona nossa
sobrevivência.
O direito, como ciência que busca solucionar os conflitos da
sociedade, inicia uma reforma e reconhece o direito ao meio ambiente saudável como direito
fundamental da pessoa humana..
No entanto, a crise da natureza não regrediu, a lei não freia a crise
ecológica, e a urgência na interrupção da degradação do meio ambiente não admite delongas
jurídicas.
Torna-se premente que reformemos eticamente nossos atos em
relação à natureza, antecedendo assim sua exteriorização. Visto que o meio ambiente natural,
uma vez degradado, dificilmente pode ser recomposto.
Deve-se formar uma ética ambiental, uma ética, assim como toda
aquela que deverá a humanidade buscar no séc. XXI, globalizada.
A partir de uma reforma da concepção homem-natureza, o Homem
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deve passar a tratá-la como seu semelhante, evitando a partir disto subjugá-la. Buscando formar
uma postura ética consciente, que considere a preservação do Planeta como ponto central de sua
conduta, ou seja, uma ética ECOCENTRADA.
Percebendo sua responsabilidade perante a natureza e às futuras
gerações, tende a assumir um compromisso pessoal que o obriga a executar ações que não sejam
prejudiciais ao meio ambiente.
Sabemos que para qualquer mudança ocorrer é preciso:
1º. Saber que está errado, o que é inquestionável;
2º. Saber que é preciso mudar, também inquestionável;
3º. Saber que possível mudar,precisamos acreditar;
4º. Saber que a mudança só ocorre mediante esforço contínuo.
MUDAR É EVOLUIR
BIBLIOGRAFIA
ALMEIDA, Guilherme Assis. Ética e Direito: uma perspectiva integrada. São Paulo: Atlas,
2002.
ANTUNES, Luís Felipe Colaço. A Tutela dos Interesses Difusos e Coletivos em Direito
Administrativo, Coimbra, Almeidina, 1989
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ANTUNES, Paulo de Bessa. Curso de Direito Ambiental. São Paulo:Editora Renovar, VER
ANO.
BITTAR, Eduardo C. B. Curso de ética Jurídica: Ética Geral e Profissional. São Paulo: Saraiva,
2002.
BOOF, Leonardo. ETHOS MUNDIAL. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Sextante, 2003.
CHARLITA, Gabriel Benedito Issac. Os dez Mandamentos da Ética. Rio de Janeiro: Nova
Fronteira, 2003.
EMÍLIO GARCIA ESTÉBANEZ, “ El âmbito para l vida: ecologia, in Violência y respeto a la
vida, Salamanca: Editorial San Esteban, 1980
FERREIRA, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda. Minidicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Rio de
Janeiro, 3ª ed., 1993.
GAARDER, Jostein. O mundo de Sofia. São Paulo: ed. Companhia das Letras, 1995.
LAMA, Dalai. Pacificando o Espírito. Rio de Janeiro: 2ª Ed., Bertran Brasil, 2001.
MÁYNEZ, Eduardo Garcia , Ética. 18.°ed., México: Editora Porrua, 1970.
MUKAI, Toshio. Direito Ambiental Sistematizado. 3.º ed. , Ed. Forense Universitária.
NALINI, José Renato. Ética Ambiental. Editora: Millenium, 3ª ed.
NALINI, José Renato. Ética Geral e Profissional. São Paulo: Ed. RT, 4ª ed. rev. e atual, 2004.
SILVA, José Afonso da. Direito Ambiental Constitucional. São Paulo: Ed. Malheiros, 4.º ed.,
2004
VALLS, Álvaro L. M. O que é Ética - Coleção Primeiros Passos. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 9ª ed.,
1994.
Ethics aims to study the intersubjective set of behavioral rules by which man tends to perform
well, objectifying them, and thus influencing human attitudes. Great minds have contributed to
the richness of this learning.
In the last acts of his existence, we observe that humans, after an accelerated technological
development, declined to promote the knowledge and ethical behavior, resulting in a choice of
values deeply misleading.
This instability creates a crisis of values in all sectors of human experience, like the
environment.
Science seeks legal remedy this ecological crisis, through a new branch of law, the
Environmental Law. However, the Judicial measures are sufficient to reap satisfactory results?
The aim of this study is to demonstrate that only the legal protection is not able to solve the
environmental crisis, showing that it originally derives from the poor positioning of man in
relation to the environment and therefore require an ideological and behavioral restructuring.
1. The Concept of Ethics
Ethics is a science of abstract nature and is very easy to perceive it, but hard to explain it. As
with the concepts of LIBERTY, EQUALITY, JUSTICE, which have as their common
denominator emotional charge, the frequent use of some expressions seem to imply ETHICS to a
different interpretation of what really expresses its sense, traditionally understood as a science
that studies the moral behavior of men in society.
However, in a scientific analysis of what kind of science is ethics? According to Alvaro LM
Valls: "dealing with standards of behavior should be called normative science, since it is usual,
seem to be a descriptive science."
Didactically, we find that the object of study of ethics and morality, namely the set of rules of
conduct by which tends intersubjective man to realize the value of the property.
With this concept, there is a difference between ethics and morals. ETHOS in Greek, means
custom, that effect would be the ethical theory of morals, or rather the science of morality.
Already morality is not science but rather the object of science.
As a science, ethics seeks to draw the moral facts of the general principles applicable to them:
"While the ethics of scientific knowledge should aspire to the rationality and objectivity most
complete and at the same time, it should provide knowledge in systematic, methodical and in the
limit as possible, with probable "2.
You could say that what ethics means, not only moral but a moral goal, one located beyond the
moral doctrine, hence its characteristic of greater magnitude in the face of this, because ethics is
deconstructive, founder and utterance principles.
Thus a normative discipline, not the normative creation, but for his discovery and elucidation, it
takes humans to improve their moral sense and, consequently, influencing their behavior.
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Like any standard, the standard is based on ethical values, which almost always refer to the
values of good. All normative judgments is a rule of conduct, but not every rule of conduct is
realized in the standard, as some are dealing with rules of conduct mandatory and other optional
rule of conduct, considering the individual free will.
That said, the non-compliance, infringement or indifference of the ethical rule does not draw its
validity, while it is the normative science scholars to strengthen its trend.
In reviewing its philosophical sense, we see that ethics comes from the Greek Ethos. This word
is written in two ways: with and with and uppercase and lowercase. When we write with and
tiny, this translates to address, or permanent shelter, whether human, whether the animals. The
address which defines its location in the universe, which is rooted in reality. It is built from its
ongoing activity and should always be kept and improved.
It is not something finished, concrete, formed by the material aspects that give comfort to the
physical body, but covers the conduct of the live well, live well. According to Plato, the center's
ethos is good, since it only allows us to achieve our end. As for Aristotle, the center's ethos is
happiness, not in the modern sense, selfish and individualistic, but in the sense of autonomy
experienced the personal and social level, translating for self-realization of the citizen in its social
and personal finding as vehicles for their concrete realization habits, virtues and legal status.
These same media were also called Ethos (with and caps), reflecting the set of values and habits
established cultural traditions of a people, ie the sum of means to an end, because the notion of
ethics carries the idea of something greater than the individual.
Reasoning that this refers to the Christian precept "Love one another as you love yourself" an
essentially ethical thinking, also advocated by the great philosopher Kant Delly: "Act so that the
maxim of thy will can always be worth the same time as a principle of universal legislation. "
It is evident that, in its philosophical meaning, and etymology, the word ethics will always relate
to the set of behaviors that the man should take so you can make your lives more fully and
enjoyable for themselves and their peers.
"The capability of converting a human being to behave ethically in their universe will always be
a significant shift work and humanity will only move forward if a majority was convinced that
the man can be recovered. The struggle of the sensitive portion of humanity is to expand this area
of community work and such space may seem strict, so many bad examples, the good fight is
valid. From that perspective, justified the study of living and preaching ethics "3
2. Ethics in the Modern Age
The ethics historically always resulted in several moral, according to the culture or region in
getting off.
All were born of human thinking about the ethos, the attitude of responsibility and care of life,
but the "ethics" which adopts the technological civilization generates consequences fully
backward than in other seasons.
Before the Modern Age, for example, the consequences of these actions were immediately
noticeable.
15
In the era of modern technology, the effects of human activity are exempt from any control or
predict.
The "ethics" Modern is based on the concept of the relationship between man and technology,
based on a capitalist system, centered on the neutrality of science and turned to serve the man
himself.
Nowadays, the understanding of the logos is distorted. The rational individual is seen as the
bearer of this privileged. The chaotic nature is taken and must be civilized by human reason.
She is nothing but object, and place of free action of man.
So, this guy stands as the only rational being endowed with life that has the ability to dominate
and transform the environment.
Dita performance, together with the lack of an awareness of holistic living, our common home is
deteriorating and endangering the continuity of human life on Earth in several ways.
With the imminence of this ideology Pathology, modern subjectivity does not provide secure
bases to answer questions of diffuseness. The weight of the interests fusca vision of collective
interests.
The eagerness to expedite all production resources from the perspective of asset accumulation,
either privately or collectively, numbs the conscience.
When we analyze the reflection of this man's way of acting in the environment, we see that
unbridled capitalism, which has the predatory logic of immediate profit, takes more than nature
can replenish it, forgetting that it is finite and exhaustible.
An exploration of nature by man so irresponsible, degrades at a frenetic pace that mother nature
carved so patiently over billions of years, causing irreparable damage to the biosphere, which
consequently, could destroy the livelihoods of human beings .
As expected the bestseller of contemporary world literature: "Years ago, we decided collectively
to focus on mastering nature, to use our science and technology to accommodate us in the
world ... We manufacture the illusion that we lived in a universe totally explainable and
predictable ... Gradually, however, an awakening has begun. Our awakening is nothing less than
freeing ourselves from the secular concerns of the modern era, and we open our minds to a new
and more real world "4.
3. The consolidation of a new fundamental right
Currently, pollution, destruction of cultural heritage, the deterioration of food, manufactured
goods, natural resources attract, though insufficient attention, of all people on the planet, marking
another feature of ecological law: its internationalization, featuring an interest diffuse in its most
crystalline, because the environment in itself, is widespread in everything and everyone.
The pollution occurred in a particular country does not respect national boundaries.
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Consequently the various social movements have included vindicated, increasingly, on its
agenda to fight for a better quality of life for the effect on the technological advancement of
civilization can no longer be ignored or neglected.
The law as a dynamic discipline that aims to meet the demands of society, has been adapting to
this new type of fundamental right, that is, protect the environment aimed at the decent quality of
life of mankind.
In June 1972, in Stockholm, there was a UN conference, where he was promulgated an extension
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This statement, in its first and second principles, confirmed that the human being has the
fundamental right to liberty, equality and adequate conditions for survival in an environment that
enables you to enjoy a dignified life, or quality of life, with the purpose also to preserve and
improve the environment for present and future generations.
Environmental protection referenced in Stockholm causes begin to think differently, agreeing
that along with world economic development should be devoted to the fundamental right of
human life on earth, thus trying to improve the environment for the benefit of present man and
their descendants.
Thus, it appears that Stockholm was opening the way for the recognition of the environment as a
fundamental right between social rights of man.
This new branch of law, formed around the environmental phenomenon, is the formation of legal
rules of a public nature, seeking possible solutions to the problems of this order presented. It is a
highly autonomous legal discipline, the nature of the recipient object to the standard, namely, the
consistency of quality of life with the quality of the environment.
According to Michael Prier, Director and Professor of Environmental Law Center. University of
Strasbourg: "To the extent that the environment is the expression of a global view of the
intentions and relationships of living beings among themselves and with their environment, it is
not surprising that the Environmental Law is a law of a horizontal nature, which recubra the
different branches of the classical law (Civil Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law,
International Law), is a law interactions, which is dispersed in the various regulations. More than
a new branch of law with its own body of rules, the Environmental Law tends to penetrate all
legal systems "
The Stockholm Declaration has influenced the development of the chapter for the environment
in the 1988 Federal Constitution which recognizes the right to a clean environment as a
fundamental human right.
4. The ethical solutions above the legal remedies
We note that the international legal system is not as helpless in the face of ecological crisis. But
the changes do not preclude conquered the growing manifestation of mercy of the environment.
Check what why.
Undoubtedly, the legal form of human behavior is that which has similarity to the morally. It is
based on the binomial and moral right is that we trace the relationship between ethics and law.
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Our foundational philosophy celebrates this interplay by stating the Principle of Morality.
Moreover, as the principles of liberty, equality and justice, written in the preamble of the
Fundamental Principles, are regarded as supreme values in the pursuit of social harmony, keeping
explicit influence of ethical principles.
Other factors such as how to discipline the human through the standards, the imperative form of
acting, social cohesion and vulnerability to external historical factors, are common to law and
morality.
Regarding the coercion inherent in both, in violation of the rule of law there is a specific penalty
that varies depending on the branch of law where such violation occurs.
While providing various forms of sanctions, which often is the only way to ensure its
applicability, the struggle for the right generates emotional exhaustion and, especially, temporal
delay.
Have the moral norm reduces to an internal form and is satisfied just when the internalization of
a precept: "The legality of a proceeding is in the mere act of external fit to rule, his morality, the
internal agreement" 5 and therefore the act prior to the manifestation of moral conduct.
Note that in choosing the composition of ethics should be part of the party itself peacefully.
The power to determine the sufficiency and reasonableness for a consensus of interests in society
lies in virtue and the knowledge of the reality of the facts by the individual himself.
Strengthen the awareness of proper ethical conduct is essential if the reforms occurring in the
legal field to be effective.
Thus, to legally protect the environment, the study of environmental ethics must be evidenced
and perfected in the same proportion with which we evolve technologically, since prevention is
essential to avoid the risks and occurrence of environmental damage, which may be irreversible.
Apart from that we can not, nor should we, give us the luxury of accepting DELAYS in the
presentation of effective solutions
5.Ótica Global, Global Ethics
We are therefore participating in the birth of the requirement of a planetary consciousness, in
which a dense network of interactions is forming on the surface of the planet, deeply interested in
more unpredictable ways to the daily life of every inhabitant of Earth.
The need is an ethics that complies with this new reality of our history, ethics globalized.
Reflecting the expression of planetization of human experience, taking as its foundation the
territory where humanity interacts.
This holistic view is to respect the diversity of traditions and cultural expressions.
These differences can not interact in a manner antagonistic, as is human nature to do so, because
whenever we feel threatened by different, unknown, resulting in loss of opportunity for mutual
enrichment.
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Nobody can know what is good for all, if not know the part. The difference thus can not destroy
the fellowship.
This perspective does not seek to add any view of a point, beyond what would be impossible to
do so, but to establish a cross-sectional view. This only happens when we look at society from
this panoramic view, when we see the synchronicity of things and beings. Nothing is detached
from the whole.
It is attributed to a holistic ethical conduct of "adaptability, versatility, intercropping, continuous
learning, regeneration, recycling and synergy" 6.
Through this holistic view we see the problems arising from the globalization that has affected
the world, where all the differences have a common denominator, which is live on this planet. As
I said Francisco Victoria, lawyer of Salamanca, "totus orbis, aliquis mode, the republica est a
(somehow, the whole orb is a single republic).
Ethics holistic therefore aims to identify, by analyzing the morality of every nation and region, a
combination of all parts on a single premise that respects the individuality of each person and yet
seek the collective interest of better living on earth.
Creates a consensus on ethical values, valid from a constructivist practice, this is a concern to
establish guidelines for coordination of interests:
We realize that all these guidelines are founded on a solidarity intersubjective n, and assume a
broader perspective, the basis for a stronger ethics, adapted to the global context.
6. Ethics ecocentric
Homo Sapiens is a living being and as such, shares this common characteristic with all other
inhabitants of the world. If one hand has peculiarities such as rationality, has another basic
similarities, such as the phases of the whole life cycle: birth, grow, reproduce and die.
However, our existence as human should no longer be regarded as unparalleled.
Mister becomes a broader and deeper conceptualization of our people. We must recognize the
existence of feeling, spirit and energy that drives every living being, and therefore, every
individual.
Take, for example, a tree. This tree beyond its material part, visible, their existence is spiritual,
invisible, so as the soil where it will be planted. Who plants also have a feeling the same way as
the one who takes care of the soil. And all these factors will influence the way the plant will
develop. These factors also circumstances humanistic reality.
Not recognizing this whole set of invisible parts of existence, and how deeply they are
connected, carries a misunderstanding and disregard for the laws of the great nature.
No longer fix our eyes on the special interests of this or that country, this or that region, but will
be aware that all interests should be subordinated to a greater interest, namely the preservation
of human life on Earth.
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Furthermore, when we speak of an ethics nearest recycling center, we are not attributing intrinsic
value and isolated in the middle not suggesting here a "utopian and romantic return to nature," 7
but, to institutionalize an ideological stance where the ecological balance of the system of life
must be above any other interests.
This new ethic that all reaches are noble in spirit and feel responsible for the future, not entering
the hedonism of modern society, pledging to preserve the environment so that future generations
have the opportunity to exist and enjoy a healthy environment.
This new form of conduct in relation to nature is called environmental ethics. It is the nature
beginning to be regarded as subjects of law, from one man's awakening to the value of ecology.
In its simplest form we can understand why ecology as a science that studies the relationships
among living organisms and their habitat, given the interdependence of both, ie, "mutual
influence between one kind of organism and what is called its ecological niche, ie edaphic,
climatic and hydrographic on where you live. We then have the self is called ecology. Since a
particular ecological niche is not isolated but in symbiosis with others located in outline, the
study may expand the set of all these niches, and species that populate it, what is the object of
sinecologia,. Finally, you can proceed to consider the totality of living beings, their mutual
relations and relations that hold with abiotic factors, which is the biosphere. "8
Environmental Ethics is a conduct of behavior of humans with nature, which is based on
environmental awareness and commitment preservationist, aiming at the preservation of life
overall.
The protection of nature is not linked to education, wealth or religion. This is a legal, moral and
ethics, which places the man versus nature, reflected in actions that undoubtedly will bring
favorable results to environmental preservation and therefore improving the quality of life.
The ecological ethics becomes the beginning of a new ideological trend.
The environmental law is not sufficient to curb the ecological disaster, giving an impression as
the only viable solution to save the environment, and man, the formation of a new ecological
culture, which reverses the pretentious notion that nature is only half and goals for the sole
purpose of man.
Everything that exists has its importance and becomes part of this new relationship ethics.
As in all contemporary ethics, requires the appearance of a personal commitment that develops
by the individual within it, or is Ethical.
We need to change the consciousness of everyone. "If one individual is capable of reversing
the destructive process everyone is able, in person, a course correction." 9
Since here the survival of all beings that inhabit the Earth, transcending the immediate interests
and selfish, you do not need a world figure to be environmentally ethical, just believe in the cause
and act in the universe they inhabit in order to contribute to improving the world.
We need people who believe, and be participating citizens of the world, thereby building a
democratic world and better.
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From this inner feeling, this feeling to behave in accordance with current needs, not only
environmental, like others, found the character of a person.
According to Hans Jonas, this order can be summarized in the following sentence: "Act in such a
way that the consequences of your actions are not destructive of nature, life and earth."
The history of biology shows that all species that have managed to stabilize itself on earth
did the following strategies for cooperation and solidarity with other species. The means
used to counter did not survive.
Conclusion:
Ethics is the science that studies the moral and aims to influence this in accordance with the
values and needs of society. .
The world, in recent times has been suffering from a moral disease that is reflected in all spheres
of their existence.
This disease is due to the election of incorrect values and empty.
On the environmental issue. The man has been treating nature, a gift from the creator, as a
matter to be used in meeting their needs capitalists, taking it more than you need.
This ambition is to have an immeasurable effect. And the environment enters into crisis,
requiring immediate action because it affects our survival.
The law, as a science that seeks to resolve conflicts in society, begins to reform and recognizes
the right to a healthy environment as a fundamental right of human beings ..
However, the nature of the crisis did not subside, the law does not brake the ecological crisis and
the urgency in stopping the degradation of the environment does not allow legal delay.
Is urgent that we reform our acts ethically in relation to nature, thus preceding its manifestation.
Since the natural environment, once degraded, can not be joined.
It should form an environmental ethic, an ethic, as well as all those who should seek humanity in
the century. XXI, globalized.
From a reform of design man-nature, man must pass to treat her as her equal, preventing it from
subdue it. Seeking to form an ethical awareness that considers the preservation of the planet as a
central point of his conduct, or an ethical recycling centers.
Realizing its responsibility towards nature and future generations, tends to make a personal
commitment which obliges him to perform actions that are not harmful to the environment.
We know that any change to occur you need:
1. Knowing what's wrong, what is indisputable;
2. Knowing that we must change, too unquestioned;
3. Knowing that can change, we must believe;
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
ALMEIDA, Guilherme Assis. Ethics and Law: an integrated perspective. São Paulo: Atlas,
2002.
Antunes, Luis Felipe Colaço. The Trusteeship of Diffuse and Collective Interests in
Administrative Law, Coimbra, Almeidina, 1989
ANTUNES, Paulo de Bessa. Course in Environmental Law. São Paulo: Editora Renew, SEE
YEAR.
BITTAR, Eduardo CB Course ethics Law: General and Professional Ethics. São Paulo:
Saraiva, 2002.
Boof, Leonardo. ETHOS WORLD. Rio de Janeiro: Ed Sextant, 2003.
Charlita, Gabriel Benedict Issac. The Ten Commandments of Ethics. Rio de Janeiro: Nova
Fronteira, 2003.
EMILIO GARCIA Estebanez, El l framework for life: ecology, Violence in y respeto a la vida,
Salamanca: Editorial San Esteban, 1980
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