AT89S52
Alabi O. A1 and Lawal M.K1
Computer Engineering Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria
kitfad@yahoo.com, mufutaulawa@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Power Saving Using Time Operated Electrical Appliance Controlling System is a reliable
circuit that takes over the task of switch on/off the electrical devices with respect to time.
This paper provides alternative replacement to the Manual Switching by the technological
enhancements towards user effective usage and prevent hazard. It has an Inbuilt Real Time
Clock which tracks over the Real Time. When this time equals to the programmed time, then
the corresponding Relay for the device is switched ON. The switching time can be edited at
any Time using the keypad with the features of micro controller. The Real Time Clock is
displayed on four 7-segment display. Power saving is due to CMOS battery incorporated on
the design.
Keywords: Power Saving, Manual Switching, Real Time Clock, CMOS
INTRODUCTION
Power Saving Using Time Operated Electrical Appliance Controlling System is a micro
controller based design [4] [7]. The keyboard part is use to edit input for activation based on
real time with the integration of CMOS on IC DS1305. Micro controller 80C51 has I/O ports,
ROM for storing queue data on real Time mode and MCU for processing and execution set of
instructions[1] [5]. The SSD (Seven Segment Display) is to display output time from the
switch relay.
We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with many embedded products
and your daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television,
Radio, CD player of your living room, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in your
kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of your work space enable you to do
many of your tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in your
car take care of car operations between the bumpers and most of the times you tend to ignore
all these controllers [6].
When we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the
machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design
(devices architecture), and also to know about the size, number and the size of the registers.
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile
memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a
clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller
units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to
automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The
following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller[1] [4].
The hardware is driven by a set of program instructions, or software. Once familiar with
hardware and software, the user can then apply the microcontroller to the problems easily.
The pin diagram of the 8051 shows all of the input/output pins unique to microcontrollers:
Fig 2: Microcontroller Pin Diagram and Pin Functions
ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address
during accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 of the oscillator
frequency, for external timing or clocking purposes, even when there are no accesses to
external memory. (However, one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data
Memory.) This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming.
PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When the
device is executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine
cycle (except that two PSEN activations are skipped during accesses to external Data
Memory). PSEN is not activated when the device is executing out of internal Program
Memory.
EA/VPP: When EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program Memory (unless
the Program Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding EA low forces the CPU to
execute out of external memory regardless of the Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA
must be externally wired low. In the EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming
supply voltage (VPP) during EPROM programming.
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.
XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output port, it can
sink eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state will
function as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data
bus during accesses to external memory. In this application it uses strong internal pullups
when emitting 1s. Port 0 emits code bytes during program verification. In this application,
external pullups are required[1] [4].
Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 1 pins that have 1s
written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups, and in that state can be used as inputs.
As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the
internal pullups.
Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-
order address byte during accesses to external memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this
application, it uses the strong internal pullups when emitting 1s.
Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. It also serves the
functions of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows [1] [6] [4]:
Port Pin Alternate Function
P3.0 RxD (serial input port)
P3.1 TxD (serial output port)
P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6 WR (external data memory write strobe)
P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe)
THE CIRCUIT
Fig 4: Power and Output module Circuit
PART LIST
Semiconductor:
IC1 -7806, 6V regulator
IC2 -AT89S51 microcontroller
IC3-DS1307
IC4- 74LS04
IC5- ULN2003
Q1 – Q4 PNP transistor (BC547)
SIP – 10k
Seven Segment Display (SSD) – S542 Common Cathode
D1-D6 -1N4007 rectifier diode
LED1 -5mm light-emitting diode
Resistors (all ¼-watt, 5% carbon):
R1 – R4 -1K
R5 – R8- 10Kolo-ohm
R11 – R13 – 10kilo-ohm
Capacitors:
C2 – C3 – 33P
C4 – 1uF
C1 - IuF
C3 -1000 µF, 5V electrolytic
C4, 3 -0.1µF ceramic disk
C6 47µF/ 16V electrolytic
X1 TAL – 12MHz
X2 Crystal Osc – 32.76KHz
Relay – 12VDC
Miscellaneous:
X1 -230V C primary to V,
500mA secondary transformer
S1-SS3 -Push-to-on switch
S4 -On/off switch
X TAL -12MHz crystal
Stages in the design
1. Power Stage
2. Input Sage
3. Processing stage
4. Output Stage
5. Real Time stage
THE CONSTRUCTION
The keypad is used as input to edit time for which the switching device output while the
Display indicate output real time using 7- segment Display.
SSD
KEYPAD
DEVICE OUTPUT
The pointer for microcontroller for processing input data via keypad and signal to relay
output.
COUPLED DEVICE
The Unipro ver 1.0 device was used to upload output file generated from Microvision
compiler in HEX extension. Hex file is already in a machine language to be use on UniPro
10U programmable device.
Fig 12. UniPro 10U programmer device
This device was used to program devices via the ZIP socket.
UniPro 10U device has 15972 compactable devices with the following features
E/EPROM
ASROM
MPU/MCU
PLD
DRAM/SRAM
IC Card
Sequential approached for the completion of microcontroller based Time Operated Electrical
Appliance using ATMEL AT89S52 as a target device.
The Program flow chart for embedded c code on microcontroller ATMEL (AT89S52)
Write C code Compile C code Hex File Output Hex file Output
Language Using MicroVision uploaded in UniPro programmed into
Programmer AT89S52 Device
Conclusion
Power saving time operated electrical appliance is a locally customized device capable of
switching electrical devices with respect to time and can be used for both home and
commercial cafeteria centers purposely to prevent electrical hazard also generate post
operation of the attached devices .
REFERENCES
[2] http://www.8051projects.net/download-d171-time-operated-electrical-appliance-
controlling-system.html, © 2010 Rickey's World
[3] http://www.projectsof8051.com/projects/23-time-operated-electrical-appliance-
controlling-system.html
[4] http://www.8051projects.info/forum/doubts-my-projects/10-power-saving-using-time-
operated-electrical-appliance-controlling-system.html
[6]http://www.google.com.ng/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=time+operated+electrical+appliance+contr
olling+system&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CGoQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbe
onlabs.com%2Fsynopsis%2FTIME%2520OPERATED%2520APPLIANCE%2520CONTRO
L.doc&ei=bceOT6ch0Me0BoSawecJ&usg=AFQjCNFFBlV2pb14oNqBD0ENol8pmWDlx
Q&cad=rja
[7] http://www.4shared.com/file/v2Q_AsqF/time_operated_electrical_appli.html
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