Why are only female cats calico?

 Thisis when both genes

are dominant, so the
presence of both alleles
you will see they are
both fully expressed.
 IA I A
or IAi= A type
I I = AB type
A B

IBIB or IBi = B type

ii = O type
 Neither of the genes is dominant to the other, so the
heterozygous genotype creates a 3rd phenotype.
 The two phenotypes are blended.

Roan Horse
 Which is an
example of
incomplete
dominance and
which is an
example of
codominance?
 Most traits in humans are not controlled
by only 1 gene. There are many genes
that contribute to a single trait.

Eye color

Hair color
 • A modifier gene controls another gene.
• Not dominant, because it is not on the same
gene, but will still override whatever gene it
is the modifier for.

Heterochromia iridum
Eye color is an example of a polygenic trait
and Albinism is an example of a blocked trait.
 How is eye color determined?

 How is whether or not an organism will be

albino determined?
 Some traits are carried on the sex chromosomes.
Women have XX and men have XY.
 If a trait is carried on the X chromosome then
women have two of them and men only have
one.

hemophilia
Muscular dystrophy
An example of this is color
blindness
Ex: Red/green color blindness is a
recessive trait carried on the X
chromosome.
 Men can have either XBY or XbY

 If he has XBY he is not color blind (the big B

stands for the dominant trait of not color
blind)

 If he has XbY he is colorblind.

 Because this trait is not carried on the Y

chromosome there is no opportunity to be
heterozygous for males.
 Women can have XBXB, XBXb, or XbXb

 If she has XBXB, she is not color blind

 Ifshe has XBXb, she is not color blind

(the B is dominant to the b so this
woman is a just a carrier of the trait)

 If she has XbXb, then she is colorblind.

A woman has the genotype XbXb and a man has
the genotype XbY .
 Are either of them colorblind?
Yes both because they each have the recessive alleles (b) for
them.
 If these two individuals had children what is the
likelihood that their children would be
colorblind?
100%
This is why there are many
more males that are color blind
than females.

Calico coloration

Male Pattern Baldness