EXPERIMENT NO.

2
COLLOIDS

Name: Krystal Agustin Section: BS-Pharmacy 2A Date Submitted:

Instructor: Ma’am Maica Jimenez Date Performed:

OBJECTIVES: At the end of this experiment, students are expected to learn how to:

1. Prepare two types of colloidal systems.

2. Differentiate between emulsoid and suspensoid in terms of properties and reactions.

ASSIGNMENT (10 points)

1. Affinity for solvent

Affinity for solvent refers to tendency of a solvent atoms or compounds to combine with the atoms or compounds of a
solute in a solution.

2. Foam formation

Foam, a colloidal system (i.e., a dispersion of a particles in a continuous medium) in which the particles are gas bubbles
and the medium is a liquid.

3. Precipitation with electrolytes

Precipitating an electrolyte requires redox reaction in a system. By a process of separating the solute to the solvent (ex.
Evaporation) the electrolyte is precipitated.

4. Reversibility

Reversible colloids are often uncharged particles, very stable and not easily coagulated by electrolytes. In fact, they are
used to protect lyophobic sols e.g. addition of gelatin t6 Ag 1 sol makes it more stable against electrolytes.

DISCUSSION

Colloidal solutions have been defined as solutions in which the diameter of the dispersed phase is larger than one
millimicron but does not exceed 100 millimicron.

Colloidal solutions are classified into emulsioids and suspensoids. Emulsoids are lyophilic (having affinity for the solvent.)
When bought in contact with water they take up a large amount of it causing them to swell and form a gel. Suspensoids
are lyophobic ( no affinity for the solvent.)

Emulsoids are viscous and form permanent foam, when shaken violently with air. They are precipitated by electrolytes
only in high concentrations. Suspensoids, on the other hand, do not form permanent foams. They are precipitated by
electrolytes in much lower concentration.

Suspensoids particle in water carry electrical charges and are precipitated by ions that carry charges of opposite sign by
not by ions that carry the same sign. There is a difference, however, between the monovalent and bivalent ions.

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Colloids, which carry charges of opposite signs mutually, precipitate one another.

REAGENTS/ MATERIALS:

Liver
Gelatin 5% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) Concentrated nitric acid
0.45 N NaCl solution Ammonium sulfate (saturated Ethyl alcohol
1 N Na2SO4 solution) MgSO4 solid
1N MgCl2 solution 0.05 N AgNO3 solution
Ferric chloride (saturated solution) 10% MgSO4 solution

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APPARATUS: Weighing balance, spatula, beakers (250 mL), Bunsen burner, tripod, wire gause, glass rod,
test tubes, test tube holder, test tube rack, test tube brush, graduated cylinders (10mL), stopwatch, glass
droppers.

PROCEDURE:

A. Preparation of an emulsoid

1. In a beaker, dissolve 10 grams of gelatin in 200 mL hot water by constantly stirring.

2. Pour 1mL of the prepared emulsoid into a test tube and cool under tap water. Note what is produced.

3. Bring the test tube with the emulsoid into a water bath and heat again. Observe the result. Record
your observation in the Data table.

B. Preparation of suspensoid

1. Place 200 mL of boiling water in a beaker.

2. Add 1 mL of saturated ferric chloride solution, Note what is produced.

3. Repeat the last two procedures in Part A. Compare the results with those in Part A.

C. Foam formation

1. Shake 10mL of the 5% gelatin solution in a test tube.

2. Stand and note the result after 15 minutes. Does it form permanent foam?

3. Shake 10 mL of the colloidal ferric chloride solution (suspensoid) vigorously with air.

4. Stand and note the result after 15 minutes. Does it form permanent foam?

Is there a difference in the foam formation of the two solutions?

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D. Precipitation with Electrolytes

1. Place 5 mL of 5% gelatin solution in a test tube.

2. Saturated ammonium sulfate drop by drop counting the number of drops, until a permanent
precipitate s formed.

3. Repeat the procedure using colloidal ferric chloride instead of gelatin and note the result Observe and
give the difference. Explain.
E. Reversibility

1. Place 5 mL of colloidal ferric chloride in a test tube and add 1mL of 10 % MgSO4 solution.

2. Allow to stand for ½ hour.

3. Treat 5 mL of 5% gelatin solution in the same way.

4. If no precipitate forms the latter, add solid MgSO4 until saturated.

5. Decant the supernatant fluid from each of the two colloids.

6. Add an excess of water and note whether the two colloids are reversible. Note down the results and
explain.

F. Precipitation of suspensoid particle with monovalent and bivalent ions which carry charges of the
opposite signs.

1. Place 5 mL of 1% colloidal ferric chloride solution in a test tube.

2. Add 0.45 normal NaCl solutions a drop at a time counting the drops and shaking after each addition
until a permanent precipitate is formed. Note down the results.

3. Perform the same but using 1N solutions of Na2SO4 and MgCl2. Compare the results with those
obtained with NaCl.

G. Protective Action of Emulsoids.

1. Place 5mL of 0.05 N AgNO3 in a test tube.

2. Add 5 drops of concentrated nitric acid.

3. Then add 5 mL of 0.45 N NaCl note the copious precipitate.

4. Repeat the experiment but add 1 mL of 5% gelatin solution to each of the NaCl and AgNO3 solution
before mixing. Note the results and explain.

DATA/ RESULTS

Procedure Observation
A. Preparation of an emulsoid When Cooled:
When Heated:
B. Preparation of suspensoid When Cooled:
When Heated:
C. Foam Formation Gelatin – emulsoid :
FeCl3 – suspensoid:
D. Precipitation with electrolytes Number of drops of ammonium sulfate added to
 form a permanent precipitate:

Gelatin - emulsoid:
FeCl3 – Suspensoid:
Appearance of precipitate

Gelatin- emulsoid:
FeCl3 – Suspensoid:
E. Reversibility Number of drops of ammonium sulfate added to
form a permanent precipitate:

Gelatin-emulsoid:
FeCl3 – Suspensoid
Appearance of Precipitate

Gelatin – emulsoid:
FeCl3 – Suspensoid:
F. Protective Action of Emulsoids.
Conclusion (Give explanation for all your observations)

Post-laboaratory questions:

1. How can colloids be made to settle? What use us made of this process?

2. Why colloids do cannot pass through membrane but it does with filter paper?