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TERM PAPER
On

Internet of Things in Vehicles (Automotive industry)


Submitted to

AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND


TECHNOLOGY

Guided by: Submitted by :


Ms. Faculty Name Aminotes
Asst. Prof. CSE Dept.(ASET) A2305219999

AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH,


NOIDA.
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DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I Aminotes, student of B. Tech. (CSE) hereby declare that the project titled
“Internet of Things-Vehicles(Automotive industry)” which is submitted by me to the
department of AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ASET),Amity
University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), has not been
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title or
recognition.

The Author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copy righted material
appearing in the Dissertation / Project report other than brief excerpts requiring only proper
acknowledgement in scholarly writing and all such use is acknowledged.

____________________

Signature Aminotes

Place: NOIDA Enrollment number: A2305219999

Date :- __________ 2016-2020 3CSE21-Y


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CERTIFICATE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is to certify that Aminotes, student of B. Tech.(CSE) has carried out the work
presented in the project of the Term paper entitled “Internet of Things-Vehicles" as a part of
First year programme of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering from
Amity School Of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology
in Computer Science and Engineering is an original contribution with existing knowledge
and faithful record of work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. To the
best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or full for any degree or
diploma to this university of elsewhere.

________________________________

________________________________

Name & signature of the faculty Guide


Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Amity University, Noida,Uttar Pradesh (AUUP)


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CONTENTS
Introduction

What is ‘Internet of Things’?

How it works.

1) Sensors/Devices

2) Connectivity

3) Data Processing

4) User Interface

Origin and History of IoT

- Timeline of events.

Internet of Things in transportation.

How Automotive Industry could benefit from Internet of Things.

Connected Vehicles-Future scope.


Introduction
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What is Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things is basically a system which connects devices and objects which can be
digital, computing, or mechanical, which can send and receive data and act according to the
information received over CLOUD.

Cloud is a large network of connected servers which can perform different tasks and hence
provide services to big companies, universities and even to the common man.

The most common Cloud providers are Google, Microsoft, Amazon etc.

The Cloud contains valuable data, which is transmitted from one physical device to another.
This data helps us understand how these connected devices work.

Now, what exactly is Internet of Things?


A total IoT framework coordinates four particular segments: sensors/devices, connectivity,
data processing, and a UI (User interface).

1) Sensors/Devices
To start with, sensors or gadgets gather
information from their surroundings. This
could be as basic as a temperature detection
or as intricate as a full video feed.

The words "sensors/gadgets" are used


together in light of the fact that numerous
sensors can be bundled together or the same
sensors can be a part of a gadget or a device
that accomplishes something other than just
sense things. For instance, our mobile phone is a gadget that has numerous sensors (camera,
accelerometer, GPS, and so forth), however a mobile phone is not just a sensor.

Regardless of whether it's an independent sensor or a full gadget, in this initial step
information is being gathered from the surrounding by something.

2) Connectivity
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Next, the collected data and information is sent to the cloud, but how and by which ways is
the data sent to the cloud?

The sensors/devices can be connected with the cloud through an assortment of methods
including: cell, satellite, WiFi, Bluetooth, low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN), or
interfacing specifically to the internet by means of ethernet.

Every choice has trade-offs between power consumption, range and bandwidth. Picking
which network alternative is best comes down to the particular IoT application, yet they all
complete the one main task: getting information to the cloud.

3) Data Processing

Once the information gets to the cloud, software plays out some sort of handling and
processing on it.

This processing on the data received could be very basic, for example, a check on the
temperature reading, whether it is in the desired range or not. On the other hand it could
likewise be exceptionally complicated, for example, utilizing PC vision on video to recognize
objects using a camera sensor.

The user comes into picture when there actually is a problem, such as the condition where the
temperature is very high or maybe very low from the desired lower end of the range or the
upper.
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4) User Interface
Up next, the data collected is passed on to the user-end somehow. This could be by means of
a caution to the client (emails, sirens, notifications, text messages and so on). For instance, a
text-based notification when the temperature is high.

Likewise, a client may have an interface that enables them to proactively monitor the system.
For instance, a person might need to check the video recordings and data in their home
through a mobile application or a web browser.

Nonetheless, it's not always just one way. Based on the type of IoT application, the client
may likewise be able to play out an activity and make changes in the system. For instance,
the user may remotely modify the temperature with the help of a mobile application.

What's more, a few operations can be performed automatically too. Instead of waiting for the
user to change the temperature manually or with an app, the system could do it all by itself by
means of predefined rules. Furthermore, instead of notifying the user about an unusual
activity in the house as recorded by the camera sensors, the IoT system could directly inform
the authorities or may communicate with other systems that could help, as set by the
predefined rules.

Basically, an IoT framework comprises of sensors/devices which "talk" to the cloud through
some sort of connectivity. Once the information is sent to the cloud, a software processes it
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and after that may choose to perform an operation on it, for example, sending a caution or
automatically altering the sensors/gadgets without the requirement for the user.

However, in the events in which the user input is required or if the client user to keep a check
on the system, a UI enables them to do as such. Any modifications or activities done by the
user are then sent in the opposite direction via the IoT system: from the UI, to the cloud, and
back to the sensors/gadgets to roll out some sort of improvement.

For example, I’m out in my car, my mobile phone can be connected to my car via Bluetooth
or the internet, which in turn can receive information from my phone. Information such as,
my destination, the most suitable route for my journey.

Besides being connected with my mobile phone, the car’s system is also connected to a well
functional GPS system embedded in the car itself, and all the sub parts of my car which
provide information like which one of the parts isn’t functional, isn’t working as desired,
which part of the car needs to be taken care of, all displayed on one single screen.

Well, there could be more to it. For example, looking for a suitable parking spot in the area I
wish to park my car in, the restaurants I’d like to stop by, the nearby pump stations according
to the fuel left in my car, plus, my car could be connected to my heart rate and pulse checker.
This could give information to my car which may help my car give me real time updates like,
whether I should go see a doctor or not, could play music depending on my mood, as can be
detected by the pulse and heart rate checker.

Also, my car can communicate with other cars, scooters, buses, wheelchairs and all sorts of
vehicles available for transportation which are equally capable and embedded as mine, which
can save lives by preventing all sorts of possible crashes.

History of IoT
The term ‘Internet of Things’ was coined by Kevin Ashton the executive director of the
Auto-ID Centre, in 1999.

Starting at 2016, the vision of the Internet of things has developed


because of a merging of numerous innovations, including embedded systems, machine
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learning, wireless ubiquitous communication, commodity sensors, real time analytics. This
implies the customary fields of wireless sensor networks, automation (home and building),
embedded systems, control systems and others all add to enable the Internet of things (IoT).

The idea of a system of smart devices first came up in 1982, the first example being that of a
modified Coke machine in Carnegie Mellon University which became the Internet’s first
connected appliance, which was capable of sending reports to the inventory and kept a check
on the temperature of the drink. In 1994 Reza Raji explained the idea in IEEE Spectrum as "
little packets of data to a vast arrangement of nodes, to coordinate and computerize
everything from home apparatuses to whole manufacturing plants". In the vicinity of 1993
and 1996 a few organizations proposed arrangements like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's
NEST. In any case, just in 1999 did the field begin gathering force. in 1999, Bill Joy
imagined the Device to Device (D2D) correspondence as a major aspect of his "Six Webs"
system, which was later exhibited at the World Economic Forum at Davos.

The Auto-ID Center at MIT and related market analysis publications made the idea of the
Internet of things popular in 1999. Kevin Ashton saw Radio-Frequency identification(RFID)
as an essential for the Internet of Things, back then. Ashton favours the expression "Internet
for Things."

In one of its first conceptual understandings, one of the major expectations of Internet of
things by embedding identifying devices and machine-readable identifiers in all the “things”
would be to change and transform daily life.

Basically, a timeline of the events which lead to the development of Internet of Things:

1832- Baron Schilling in Russia created an electromagnetic telegraph.

1833- Wilhem Weber and Carl Friedrich Gauss together invented a code for communication
between Germany and Gottingen, which are 1200 m away from each other.

1844- First morse code telegraph saying “What hath God wrought?” was sent from
Washington, D.C to Baltimore. It was sent by Samuel Morse.

1969- Arpanet was created.

1974- TCP/IP.

1984- Domain Name System was introduced.

1989- World Wide Web proposed by Tim Berners-Lee.


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1990- Keeping in mind the first IoT device, John Romkey made a toaster which could be
turned off and on via the Internet for a conference.

1991- Tim Berners Lee created the first web page. Also, an article – ‘Computer for the 21st
Century’ was written by Mark Weiser.

1993- ‘The Trojan Room Coffee Pot’ was created by Quentin Stafford-Fraser and Paul
Jardetzky and was located in the ‘Trojan Room’ in the University of Cambridge, which
basically was used to monitor the pot levels.

1994- WearCam created by Steve Mann.

1995- Amazon and Echobay(Ebay) make the Internet commercial.

1997- Google got incorporated.

1998- An MIT project ‘inTouch’ developed by Andrew Dahley, Scott Brave and Professor
Hiroshi Ishii.

1998- Mark Weiser created a water fountain whose flow and height respectively represented
the volume and price of the stock market. The fountain was outside his office and was
constructed before Mark died of Cancer.

1999- The term ‘Internet of Things’ was coined by Kevin Ashton who was then the executive
director of the Auto-ID Center.

Electronic Product Code(EPC) was developed. The research oriented successor to MIT, the
Auto-ID Labs was opened which was founded by David Brock, Sanjar Sharma and Kevin
Ashton.

2000- First Internet refrigerator plans announced by LG.

2003- The term ‘Internet of things’ got famous.

2005- ITU (International Telecommunications Union) published first report on Internet of


Things. First connected rabbits were made, which could talk to you about the stock market,
headlines, alarm clock etc.

2006- First IoT conference was held in Europe and IoT got recognised by the EU.

2008- The Internet of Things came into existence. Also, Internet of Things was listed as one
of the 7 Disruptive Civil Technologies by the U.S National Intelligence Council.

-present- A number of Internet of Things platforms, softwares, hardwares and standards have
been developed. Arduino, other hardware kits and platforms were made available to the
public. It has been developing ever since.
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IoT in Transportation
The Internet of Things (IoT) is drastically changing the pace of development in the
transportation business—specifically vehicles we drive every day. The IoT can aid better
control, improved communication and data handling over different transportation
frameworks. Use of the IoT stretches out to all parts of transportation frameworks (i.e. the
vehicle, infrastructure and pathways, and the driver or client). Dynamic coordination between
these segments of a transport system, empowers inter and intra vehicular correspondence,
movement control, vehicle control, and security and street assistance. The Internet of Things
is not only limited to just cars, but also can be extended to trains, wheel chairs, bikes,
pedestrians, traffic signals, roads, parking lots and garages, automatic washing, real time
analysis and updates, driver health, theft detection, vehicles locking, after accident
emergency response, driver authentication.

As of now, cars manufactured after 2010 incorporate various associated frameworks that give
drivers the capacity to tune in to satellite radio, watch videos, use cell phone applications,
explore roadways, ask for roadside help, open entryways remotely, and look for parking
spots.
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What's more, soon in the future vehicles will even resemble our PCs and cell phones. Toyota
is working on a car that enables people to modify the interior and exterior look of the car,
similarly as we do with your PCs and cell phones.

With the coming technology, the vehicles are finally at the verge of becoming truly automatic
as the name suggests. The cars will have a number of benefits like fewer road accidents, face
to face communication enabled by passenger swivel seat, lower energy consumption level,
fast and secure driving, touch screens on mostly all surfaces in the car.

How Automotive Industry could benefit


from Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things is changing the transportation
system in a way we’d never thought would be possible.
Few of the examples where the Internet of Things is
changing the world listing: the way we drive, how we
make purchases, also how we get energy for our houses.
Advanced sensors and chips are installed in the physical things that encompass us, each
transmitting valuable information. This information enables us to see how these ‘things’
function and coordinate with each other.

In any case, how precisely do these gadgets share such huge amounts of information and how
would we use that data.

Regardless of whether we are enhancing the working of a manufacturing plant, giving city
inhabitants constant reports and real-time updates on where the free space for parking is
available, or checking our own wellbeing and health – it is the basic Internet of Things
platform that unites this data and gives the ways to the gadgets and applications to
communicate with each other, efficiently.

The procedure begins with the gadgets. The gadgets interact with each other and other
devices via the common Internet of Things platform. The IoT platform incorporates the
information from numerous gadgets and investigates to impart the most significant
information to industry-specific applications.

For example, consider a car driver who observes a check engine signal while driving, he soon
realizes that the vehicle needs work by a mechanic, however it’s hard to understand whether
it's something that he can ignore or something major. The check engine light came on
because of a sensor which keeps a check on the pressure in a brake line.
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Such sensors of a system are continuously communicating with one another.

A segment in the car called the ‘diagnostic bus’ assembles the information from every one of
these sensors and further passes it on to a gateway in the same car. The passage incorporates
and sorts the information from the sensors. Consequently, just the most related and important
data will be transmitted to the producer. Before sending this sorted out information, the car’s
platform and gateway should first enrol with each other and have a safe communication
platform.

The IoT platform is continuously assembling data and storing a large number of bits of data
from the driver's vehicles and a huge number of different vehicles, in a safe database. The
producers added guidelines and rationale to the stage, so when Michael's auto flags that the
brake liquid has dipped under the prescribed level, the stage triggers an alarm in his auto.

The maker likewise utilizes the stage to make and oversee applications that explain particular
issues. For this situation, the producer can send an application on the stage called "The Asset
Management System." This application supervises the majority of their clients' autos out and
about, and additionally every one of the parts in their stockrooms. It utilizes the information
from Michael's auto and offers him a potential arrangement time to benefit the auto, bearings
to the closest affirmed merchant, and a coupon for the administration. Also, the application
guarantees the auto's breaks are secured under the guarantee, that the right new part is
requested and afterward sent to the dealership, so it is prepared when he arrives.

Be that as it may, the producer’s examination does not stop there. They have additionally sent
a persistent building application that tracks Michael's auto as well as a huge number of other,
searching for approaches to enhance the outline and the assembling procedure of the auto
itself. On the off chance that a similar issue in a split line manifests in a basic number of
different autos, the producer utilizes applications, custom-worked for the vehicle business, to
pinpoint the correct issue. They can check whether these autos were made at a similar
industrial facility, utilize similar parts, or fell off the mechanical production system around
the same time.

So, what do every one of these pieces are doing? Streamlined stock administration for the
merchant, a superior more secure auto from the maker, and for Michael it implies he can get
back out and about speedier and get to where she's going securely. These, because of the
Internet of Things!
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Connected Vehicles-Future scope:
Envision a future in which vehicles "talk" to each other – and to stoplights, other
transportation foundation and even people on foot and bikes – in a way that may have
appeared like sci-fi dream only a couple of decades back. In this future, vehicle advances will
enable vehicles to communicate remotely with each other utilizing propelled Wi-Fi flags or
committed short-extend interchanges on secured channels. The Wi-Fi-based radio framework
will permit 360 degrees of recognition, so it can "look" around corners for possibly unsafe
circumstances, for example, when a driver's vision is hindered.

Such associated vehicles could caution drivers if there is a danger of impact while switching
to another lane or drawing closer a stationary or stopped vehicle, or if another driver loses
control. Drivers likewise could be cautioned if their vehicle is on a way to crash into another
vehicle at a crossing point, when a vehicle ahead stops or moderates all of a sudden, or when
an activity design changes on a bustling interstate.

By possibly diminishing crashes, associated vehicles could likewise ease movement delays,
which could spare drivers both time and fuel, along these lines decreasing their natural
effects. Activity blockage likewise could be stayed away from through a system of associated
vehicles and foundation that procedures movement and street data. An activity administration
focus would send this data to associated vehicles, which could then recommend less-
congested courses to drivers and other associated explorers.

As of now, Ford has revealed a variety of mishap evasion and driver help innovations that
utilization radars and cameras to caution the driver of a conceivably perilous circumstance,
and at times give help to the driver. Furthermore, we are partaking in various research
ventures – all alone and in collaboration with different organizations and government bodies
– to create and show different advances.

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