EJEMPLO 1: AJUSTE POR MÍNIMOS CUADRADOS

Hipótesis = a1 x^2 + a2 x + a3

x y x^2 x^1 x^0

8 0.88 64 8 1
10 1.22 100 10 1
12 1.64 144 12 1
16 2.72 256 16 1
20 3.96 C= 400 20 1
30 7.66 900 30 1
40 11.96 1600 40 1
60 21.56 3600 60 1
100 43.16 10000 100 1

64 100 144 256 400 900 1600

C^+ = 8 10 12 16 20 30 40
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

116590368 1E+06 17064 1.93E-07 -2E-05 0.0003

M = 1322336 17064 296 M^ -1 = -2E-05 0.00221 -0.0349
17064 296 9 0.00029 -0.0349 0.7033

537940.8
b= 6479.44
94.76

a1 = 0.0017394
a2 = 0.27821354
a3 = -1.91914925

x(exp) y(exp) y(teo) 50

8 0.88 0.42 Exp
40
10 1.22 1.04
Ajuste
12 1.64 1.67 30
16 2.72 2.98
y

20
20 3.96 4.34
30 7.66 7.99 10
40 11.96 11.99 0
60 21.56 21.04 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100 43.16 43.30
x
EJEMPLO 2: AJUSTE NO LINEAL POR MÍNIMOS CUADRADOS
Hipótesis = a1 x^4 + a2 x^3 + a3 x^2 + a4 x + a5
Cálculos con redondeo a 5 decimales (Precisión simple)
x y x^4 x^3 x^2 x^1 x^0
0.1 5.1234 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
0.2 5.3057 0.0016 0.008 0.04 0.2 1
0.3 5.5687 0.0081 0.027 0.09 0.3 1
0.4 5.9378 0.0256 0.064 0.16 0.4 1
0.5 6.437 C= 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0.6 7.0978 0.1296 0.216 0.36 0.6 1
0.7 7.9493 0.2401 0.343 0.49 0.7 1
0.8 9.0253 0.4096 0.512 0.64 0.8 1
0.9 10.3627 0.6561 0.729 0.81 0.9 1

0.0001 0.0016 0.0081 0.0256 0.0625 0.1296 0.2401

0.001 0.008 0.027 0.064 0.125 0.216 0.343
C^+ = 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.36 0.49
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0.67731 0.80804 0.97841 1.20825 1.53330

0.80804 0.97841 1.20825 1.53330 2.02500
M= 0.97841 1.20825 1.53330 2.02500 2.85000
1.20825 1.53330 2.02500 2.85000 4.50000
1.53330 2.02500 2.85000 4.50000 9.00000

13.93266 a1= 1.3225

b= 17.81766 a2= 2.3375
23.94429 a3 = 2.4569
35.20757 a4 = 0.8802
62.8077 a5 = 5.0090
POR GRAM-CHEBYSHEV
x en [0.1,0.9]
Cambio de variable z = (x-0.5)/0.1 z en [-4, 4]

COEFICIENTES de los polinomios de GRAM-CHEBYSHEV

z^0 z^1 z^2 z^3 z^4
P0(z) 1 0 0 0 0
P1(z) 0 0.25 0 0 0
P2(z) -0.71428571 0 0.107143 0 0
P3(z) 0 -0.7024 0 0.059524 0
P4(z) 1.28571429 0 -0.68452 0 0.04167

TABLA DE PUNTOS
x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
y 5.1234 5.3057 5.5687 5.9378 6.437 7.0978 7.9493 9.0253 10.363

CAMBIO DE VARIABLE

z^0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
z^1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
z^2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
z^3 -64 -27 -8 -1 0 1 8 27 64
z^4 256 81 16 1 0 1 16 81 256

CANTIDADES AUXILIARES

z 2555 805 155 5 -5 5 155 805 2555

P0(z) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P1(z) -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
P2(z) 1 0.25 -0.28571 -0.60714 -0.7143 -0.60714 -0.2857 0.25 1
P3(z) -1 0.5 0.928571 0.642857 0 -0.64286 -0.9286 -0.5 1
P4(z) 1 -1.5 -0.78571 0.642857 1.28571 0.64286 -0.7857 -1.5 1

P0(z)*y 5.1234 5.3057 5.5687 5.9378 6.437 7.0978 7.9493 9.0253 10.363
P1(z)*y -5.1234 -3.9793 -2.78435 -1.48445 0 1.77445 3.97465 6.769 10.363
P2(z)*y 5.1234 1.3264 -1.59106 -3.60509 -4.5979 -4.30938 -2.2712 2.2563 10.363
P3(z)*y -5.1234 2.6529 5.170936 3.817157 0 -4.56287 -7.3815 -4.5127 10.363
P4(z)*y 5.1234 -7.9586 -4.37541 3.817157 8.27614 4.56287 -6.2459 -13.538 10.363

P0(z)^2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P1(z)^2 1 0.5625 0.25 0.0625 0 0.0625 0.25 0.5625 1
P2(z)^2 1 0.0625 0.081633 0.368622 0.5102 0.36862 0.08163 0.0625 1
P3(z)^2 1 0.25 0.862245 0.413265 0 0.41327 0.86224 0.25 1
P4(z)^2 1 2.25 0.617347 0.413265 1.65306 0.41327 0.61735 2.25 1

RELACIONES DE ORTOGONALIDAD

P4(z) * P2(z) 1 -0.375 0.22449 -0.39031 -0.9184 -0.39031 0.22449 -0.375 1

P1(z) * P3(z) 1 -0.375 -0.46429 -0.16071 0 -0.16071 -0.4643 -0.375 1

RESULTADO

a0 = 6.97863333 P(z) = a0 P0(z) + a1 P1(z) + a2 P2(z) + a3 P3(z) + a4 P4(z)

a1 = 2.53581333
a2 = 0.76200606 Deshacer cambio de variable
a3 = 0.08379071
a4 = 0.0023972 P(x) =0.9988 + 2.9899 x + 2.0172 x^2 + 0.9920 x^3 + 5.0010 x^4
 3600 10000
60 100
1 1

0 80 90 100
0.4096 0.6561
0.512 0.729
0.64 0.81
0.8 0.9
1 1
SUMA
9
0
0
0
0

SUMA
62.808
9.5093
2.6942
0.4232
0.0245

9
3.75
3.5357
5.051
10.214

0
0