NAME: Uma-Tul-Atta

ROLL NO:D14563

PMC MODULE :1

Q:1 Discuss the life and works of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she
referred to as a lady much ahead of her time?

“If education is always to be conceived along the same

antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is a little to be
hoped from it in the battening of man’s future. For what is the use of
transmitting knowledge if the individual’s total development lags behind”
Dr. Maria Montessori

Answer:

Maria Montessori life:

Dr. Maria Montessori is a founder of Montessori Method of teaching. She was a very
confident and strong lady of her time. She is well known of introducing the Montessori
Method and also the early childhood
education.

st
She was born on 31 August 1870 to an educated middle class
family in Ancona, Italy. Her father was a conservative military
man and her mother was liberal lady who always encouraged
her daughter to pursuit her education. Maria Montessori, an
only child, she was
a vivacious, strong-willed girl.
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EDUCATION:

Her early education was in Florence and then Rome. At the age of thirteen, she went to
secondary, technical school. In those days Europe was very conservation in its attitude
toward and treatment of women, but Montessori pursed medical and scientific
education. After that, she graduated with highest honors from medical school of the
University of Rome. She became the first lady doctor in the history of Italy in 1896. She
was a brilliant student throughout her academic career.
WORK WITH SPECIAL CHILDREN:
Montessori was well known for her contributions in education. She became the director
of the “deficient and insane” children in the University of Rome. She started working
with these mentally disabled children. She discovered that her children need purposeful
activities to do in order to get sense and mind and she successfully achieved her goals.
Inspiration from Itard and Seguin:

Maria was so much inspired by the work of two French doctors who had also worked with
children who had some physical and mental disorders. They attempted basic skills in their
work for example reading, writing or alternative methods which were helped full for
children. Maria had keenly observed their methodology and figure out that children could
learn the same things as the normal children. After the success, she started working with
normal children.
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Casa dei Bambini:

Montessori started her first school with normal children named Casa dei Bambini (the
house of children) which was inaugurated in 1907. At the beginning of the school,
there were only fifty students and one untrained teacher. In her school, she
introduced exercises of practical day living for example cleaning, dressing; gardening
etc. she noticed that children took great interest in doing these kinds of activities.
These kinds of activities made the independent and more efficient. When she found
out that the job of the teacher is to serve the children, she believed that the urges of
the children are universal and that is in the nature of the child to perform such
activities. The children of the school of Casa dei Bambini had showed outstanding
progress in their academic and practical work. They learnt a lot of activities related to
writing and reading etc. her school became famous due to the progress of these young
angel whom people consider they can’t do anything until they sent to public schools.
WORLDWIDE RESPONSE:
Her school became famous all over the world in a very short time. After first school, she started
numerous schools. People from all over the world visited her and appreciated her effort and
discoveries. Her methodology was started to practice all over the world

HIGHEST RECOGNITION AND AWARDS:

She became so much successful as she was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize thrice. She was
even pictured on the Italian 200 lire coins and through 1990s on the 1000 lire bills.
DEATH:

Montessori died on 1952 in the Netherlands. Her name would always alive because of her
extraordinary contribution in the field of education.

LADY AHEAD:

Montessori is referred to lady a head because her discoveries are being practiced all over
the world. She is immortal through her methods which are still being practiced now and
will in future also. She lived in old days but was definitely “A woman much Ahead of her
time”.
Q2: What are the main requirements to be considered to start a House of
children? How do you implement them?
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Answer: Montessori is a place where children needs and meet fulfilled. It is the most
difficult task to start it. There are several requirement which one should be keeping in mind;
1- Classroom designs is the most important where children have to stay. Montessori tables,
shelving and related activities equipment should be appropriate and several in number so
that children could approach them.
2- The number of student should not be exceeding more than 30 students.
3- The size of classroom minimum 20 square feet per students at the early level, 30 square
for the elementary level and 40 squares would be for secondary level.
4- It should be child sized. A child sized kitchen, science lab, an art studio, bath rooms.
Everything should be child size. They lead him to fulfill his desires and enjoy his own
world.
5- A house should be design that a child should face outdoor environment. There must be
window through which children could face sunlight at a daytime and become a natural
source of ventilation.
6- There must be children garden where child can grow vegetables and fruits of their choice.
It lead them to close to their environment.
7- There should not be any prohibition of doing something which the student is not allowed
at his home. ‘’Prohibition is sweet, prohibition is prohibition’’
8- Montessori room should provide them opportunity as they want at their home.

Implementation :
Implementation is more important than them because implementation is something which we
have to implement and how it works is based on it.
There must be a lot of things which should be implement those are;
 Respect for the children.
 Focus on individual child.
 Prepared environment.
 Polite behavior of the teacher.
 Respect For the children:
Respect is the basic thing which everybody requires. Every child needs respect. Parents
try to force them to follow the parents without reading their needs and interest. Therefore,
first we should take great care of the respect of the child.
 Focus on individual Child:
Every child is different from one another. Teacher should focus on individual child as his
learning, growth and understanding is different from other children.
 Prepared environment :
It play an important rule. when the environment is prepared they can easily do whatever
they want to do. They can easily access according to their interest.
 Polite behavior Of the children:
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Teacher is role model for the student. Her behavior should be polite towards students.
Teacher is spiritual mother of student so her behavior should be very good.

Conclusion:
The house of children is a place where children can meet their needs and interests. So these
requirements should keep in mind when starting the school.

Q3: What are the main discoveries made by Dr. Maria Montessori by
observing the child?
Answer: After nearly two years experiment Dr. Maria Montessori found a method of helping
children in their educational system. she had made some of discoveries during her work.
 Child loves to work purposefully:
If it corresponded with inner development need, they worked until they reached their goals .They
work out of natural drive, which makes them select concentrate on tasks which help them for
development.
 Inner drive is sufficient:
Development is possible only when the child can work in various field human activities as
specific hose awareness and urge comes to him naturally.
 Interest of Child:
When the inner need of child comes into reality it is known as interest of child. The result of
interest is concentration, with Concentration learning truly takes place.
 Normlity:
It depends on all the human powers working in collaboration. she discovered that child learn
more effectively due to normality.
 Sensorial Activities:
Sensorial include concepts, language, art, culture and different activities. she found out
how the children needed to perform these activities specially
 Child need order:
The child needs not practice in everyday life. The child gets confused and this can create
wrap in his development.
 Give rights to Child:
The children showed that they could assimilate the knowledge, normally considered to be too
complex for the child, if it is represented to rightful conditions.
 Discipline comes through freedom:
She discovered that discipline comes from within and not imposed from outside because true
discipline is born in freedom. Freedom and discipline are two faces of the same coin.
 Real Obedience:
It is based on love , respect and faith. Maria Montessori found that when u give respect and
love to children they will definitely give u real obedience.
 Behave in certain manner:
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She found that children are often seen to behave in a certain manner. If suitable conditions
are missing the child will show disorderly and disobedient behave.
 Observing Child:
Most of activities presented to the children in Montessori house of children are results of
observing the child.
 Independence:
We should help the child to lead independence in his individual and social life. every child
wants to tells us “Help me Do it Myself”
 Prepared environment:
Montessori discovered that the environment itself was all important in obtaining the results
that she had observed. All material should be according to the child size and needs.

Q:4 What does “PILES”stand for When we talk of human development?

Discuss the physical,lingual and intellectual development talking place during 3to 6year of age.
Dr.Maria Montessori continued with her work of observing and studying the child.After
nearly twenty two years of such experimentation Dr Maria Montessori could say that she had
found a method of helping children in their educational pursuits.

PILES stand for:

 P=physical
 I=intellectual
 L=lingual
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 E=emotional
 S=social

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
Physical development takes place during 3to6 of age.The child feels certain
strong urges at specified time period.which lead him to developmentas shown in

At the age of 3 years:

 In this age a child can balance on one foot for a moment.

 He is dextrose on outdoor equipment.
 Streers and runs round obstructions with ease.
 Forcefully kicks ball walks in an adult fashion upstairs, even holding a big toy.
 Still put both feet on each step when coming downstairs. Likes to jump off the last
step.
At the age of 4 years:
 Bends down to pick up toys with legs straight.
 Bouncewith ball games.can throw,catch and kick well and can now bounce
a ball.
 Runs about on tiptoe.
 Runs upstairs with total efficiency.
 Able to sit cross- legged. Hops around and balances on one foot for longer.
At the age of 5-6 years:
 Can now play all sorts of ball games competently.
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 Able to walk along athin line.

 More energetic and lively in general.
 Expert at all outdoor activities such as swimming, climbing and
sliding.

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT:

The intellectual development grows in the child with the passage of time. The child learn how
to behave with the adults and how to cope up with the awkward situations but its all depend on
the proper environment and conditions which we provide to them.

At the age 3 years:

 A child can be able to thread big beads and built 9 blockshigh towers and small
bridges and bricks.
 He can use children’s scissors.
 He can also holds a pencil properly.

At the age of 4 years:

 A child is skilful at holding pencile.

 He is able to built 10 ricks high tower.
 He also know primary.

At ageof 5-6 years:

 A child can draw more detailed drawings and painting including surrounding.
 He can also count figures.
 Skilled at coloring and jigsaws.
 He can relate to the time of day corresponding to everyday activities.

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT:

Language development also improve through time to time and the child is able
communicate more clearly. Children learn from the environment and we should make the
environment suitable for the children.
At the age of 3 years:
 In age of 3 a child can recite name, age and sex.
 Sentences are completely understandable but still sound childish.
 Wants to be read favorite stories again and again.
 Recites more rhymes and can sing some songs.
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At the age of 4 years:

 Always asking very inquisitive question like

“ what does that mean”
 He loves to have a joke.
 He will recall latest happings in conversation with others.
 He can count 4 or 5 objects, and can recite up to 20.

A the age of 5-6 years:

 He still asks the meaning of intangible words.

 He will now recite own name addressage and sometimes known birthday.
 He known more rhymes and songs and loves to sing them.

Q5: Write a comprehensive note on the role of teacher in a Montessori

Classroom?
Answer: A Montessori teacher is considered to be a guide, facilitator or a directress.
Her role in teaching Montessori students is very distinct and significant. In order to have
a better understanding of a role of teacher we have two types of art of teaching.

1. Productive Art

2. Cooperative Art

PRODUCTIVE ART:

It refers to an “art in which the activity of an artist is the principle and the only cause
of production” i e. shoemaker or tailor. They both have end product as shoemaker have
shoes and tailor stitches the clothes.
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COOPERATIVE ART:

In this type of art, the end product

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is not predefined. There are three

cooperative arts which are:
farming, healing, and teaching.
Montessori teacher’s main concern is
with teaching under this art.

A Montessori teacher normal classroom practices involves:

 Preparation of the environment.

 Observing of children.
 Giving lessons.
 Primary goal of teacher.

PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT;

Montessori teachers would prepare the environment for the children which means to facilitate
the children’s independence and ability to select the material of their own choice and they will
select the activities that will appeal their interests and keeping the environment in perfect
condition.

OBSERVING THE CHILDREN:

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Teachers are carefully observe the children,s progress ,needs and their sensitive period. They
don,t just

Keep the track of all these development but act as an dynamic link between children and
prepared environment.

GIVING LESSON.

Teachers keep their lessons as brief as possible. Their goal is to bring the children in a state of
mind, so they will come back on their own for further work with the material. There are some
points which are necessary for the teachers;

 Observing the child while he is exploring the materials on low shelves.

 Going to the child and taking consent to work with that material.
 Telling ground rules for use.
 Leaving the child to work himself with concentration and without obstruction.

PRIMARY GOAL OF THE TEACHER:

Montessori teachers are taught to nature andinspire the human potential, leading children to ask
question, think for themselves, explore,investigate,and discover.

Help them to learn how to learn independently, retaining the curiosity, creativity and
intelligence with which they were born.
Montessori teachers do not simply present lessons; they are facilitators, mentors, coaches,and
guides.
ROLE OF TEACHER:
Anne burke neuter , in a way of learning (1973), listed the following elements in the special
role of the Montessori teacher.
 Montessori teacher are the dynamic link between children and the prepared
environment.
 They systematically observe their student and interpret their needs.
 They are constantly experimenting; modify the environment to meet their perceptions
of each child need and interests and objectively noting the result.
 They prepared a independent environment in which the children will able to freely
select their work of their choice.
 They carefully evaluate the effectiveness of their work and the design of the
environment everyday
 They observe and evaluate each child individual progress.
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 They respect and protect their student independence .they must know when to step in
and set the limit or lend a helping hand and when it is in child best interests for them
to step back and not interfere.