SOLVED PAPER - 2018

I N ST RU CT I ONS
1. Total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks, out of which 10 questions carrying a total of 15 marks are in
General Aptitude (GA)
2. The Engineering Mathematics will carry around 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s, the General Aptitude section
will carry 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s and the r em ai n i n g 70% of t h e t ot al m ar k s.
3. Ty p es of Qu est i on s
(a ) M u l t i p l e Ch oi ce Qu est i on s (M CQ) carrying 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. These
questions are objective in nature, and each will have a choice of four options, out of which the candidate
has to mark the correct answer(s).
(b) N u m er i cal An sw er Qu est i on s of 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. For these questions
the answer is a real number, to be entered by the candidate using the virtual keypad. No choices will
be shown for these type of questions.
4. For 1-m ar k multiple-choice questions, 1/3 m ar k s will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise, for
2-m ar k s multiple-choice questions, 2/3 marks will be deducted for a wrong answer. There is no negative
marking for numerical answer type questions.

Chapter-Wise Analysis

# Chapters
Marks # Chapters
Marks
1 2 Total 1 2 Total
1 General Aptitude 5 5 15 6 Analog Circuits 2 5 12
Digital Circuits &
2 Engineering Mathematics 7
5 3 11 Microprocessor 3 4 11
3 Networks 1 3 7 8 Control Systems 3 5 13
4 Signals and Systems 2 2 6 9 Communications 4 3 10
5 Electronic Devices 3 2 7 10 Electromagnetics 2 3 8
2 Solved Paper - 2018

8. The Cricket Board has long recognized John’s

GEN ERAL APTI T UD E
potential as a leader of the team. However, his
1. “By giving him the last _______ of the cake, you on-field Temper has always been a matter of
will ensure lasting _______ in our house today.” concern for them since his junior days. While this
The words that best fill the blanks in the above aggression has filled stadia with die-hard fans, it
sentence are has taken a toll on his own batting. Until recently,
(a) peas, piece (b) piece, peace it appeared that he found it difficult to convert
his agression into big scores. Over the past three
(c) peace, piece (d) peace, peas seasons though, that picture of John has been
2. “Even though there is a vast scope for its ________, replaced by a cerebral, calculative and successful
tourism has remained a/an ________ area.” batsman-captain. After many years, it appears
The words that best fill the blanks in the above that the team has finally found a complete captain.
sentence are Which of the following statements can be logically
(a) improvement, neglected inferred from the above paragraph?
(b) rejection, approved (i) Even as a junior cricketer, John was
(c) fame, glum considered a good captain.
(d) interest, disinterested (ii) Finding a complete captain is a challenge.
3. If the number 715 ? 423 is divisible 3 (? denotes (iii) Fans and the Cricket Board have differing
the missing digit in the thousandths place), then views on what they want in a captain.
the smallest whole number in the place of ? is (iv) Over the past three seasons John has
_________ accumulated big scores.
(a) 0 (b) 2 (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (b) (iii) and (iv) only
(c) 5 (d) 6 (c) (ii) and (iv) only (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (v)
1 1 1 1 9. A cab was involved in a hit and run accident at
4. What is the value of 1 +     ....? right you are given the following data about the
4 16 64 256
cabs in the city and the accident.
7
(a) 2 (b) (i) 85% of cabs in the city are green and the
4
remaining cabs are blue.
3 4
(c) (d) (ii) A witness identified the cab involved in the
2 3 accident as blue.
5. As 1.5 m in tall person is standing at a distance of
(iii) It is known that a witness can correctly
3 m from a lamp post. The light from the lamp at
identify the cab colour only 80% of the time.
the top of the post casts her shadow. The length
of the shadow is twice her height. What is the Which of the following options is closest to the
height of the lamp post in meters? probability that the accident was caused by a blue
cab?
(a) 1.5 (b) 3
(a) 12%
(c) 4.5 (d) 6
(b) 15%
6. Leila aspires to buy a car worth Rs. 10,00,000
after 5 years. What is the minimum amount in (c) 41%
Rupees that she should deposit now in a bank (d) 80%
which offers 10% annual rate of interest, if the 10. A coastal region with unparalleled beauty is home
interest was compounded annually? to many species of animals. It is dotted with coral
(a) 5,00,000 (b) 6,21,000 reefs and unspoilt white sandy beaches. It has
(c) 6,66,667 (d) 7,50,000 remained inaccessible to tourists due to poor
connectivity and lack of accommodation. A
7. Two alloys A and B contain gold and copper in the
company has spotted the opportunity and is
ratios of 2 : 3 and 3 : 7 by mass, respectively. Equal
planning to develop a luxury resort with
masses of alloys A and B are melted to make an
helicopter service to the nearest major city
alloy C. The ratio of gold to copper in alloy C is
airport. Environmentalists are upset that this
.
would lead to the region becoming crowded and
(a) 5 : 10 (b) 7 : 13 polluted like any other major beach resorts.
(c) 6 : 11 (d) 9 : 13
Solved Paper - 2018

Which one of the following statements can be The time t, in milliseconds, at which the output
logically inferred from the information given in voltage vOUT crosses –10 V is
the above paragraph? (a) 2.5
(a) The culture and tradition of the local people (b) 5
will be influenced by the tourists.
(c) 7.5
(b) The region will become crowded and polluted
due to tourism. (d) 10
(c) The coral reefs are on the decline and could 3. A good transimpedance amplifier has
soon vanish. (a) low input impedance and high output impedance
(d) Helicopter connectivity would lead to an (b) high input impedance and high output
increase in tourists coming to the region. impedance
(c) high input impedance and low output
T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON impedance
1. Two identical nMOS transistors M1 and M2 are (d) low input impedance and low output
connected as shown below. The circuit is used as impedance
an amplifier with the input connected between
4. Let the input be u and the output be y of a system,
G and S terminals and the output taken between
D and S terminals, Vbias and VD are so adjusted and the other parameters are real constants.
that both transistors are in saturation. The Identify which among the following systems is
transconductance of this combination is defined not a linear system :
i D d3 y d2 y dy
as g m  while the output resistance is (a)  a1  a2  a3 y
v GS dt 3
dt 2 dt
v
ro  DS , where i is the current flowing into du d2 u
iD D
 b3 u  b2  b1
the drain of M 2 . Let g m1 , g m2 be the dt dt 2
transconductances and r o1, r o2 be the output (with initial rest conditions)
resistance of transistors M1 and M2, respectively t
VD  t  
D (b) y  t    e u    d 
0
Vbias M2 (c) y = au + b, b  0
(d) y = au
G M1 5. The Nyquist stability criterion and the Routh
criterion both are powerful analysis tools for
S determining the stability of feedback controllers.
Which of the following statements about estimates Identify which of the following statements is
for gm and ro is correct? FALSE :
(a) gm  gm1 . gm2 . ro2 and ro  ro1 + ro2 (a) Both the criteria provide information relative
(b) gm  gm1 + gm2 and ro  ro1 + ro2 to the stable gain range of the system.
(c) gm  gm1 and ro  ro1 . gm2 . ro2 (b) The general shape of the Nyquist plot is
(d) gm  gm1 and ro  ro2 readily obtained from the Bode magnitude plot
for all minimum-phase systems.
2. In the circuit shown below, the op-amp is deal
and Zener voltage of the diode is 2.5 volts. At the (c) The Routh criterion is not applicable in the
input, unit step voltage is applied i.e. vIN(t) = u(t) condition of transport lag, which can be readily
volts. Also at t = 0, the voltage across each of the handled by the Nyquist criterion.
capacitors is zero. (d) The closed-loop frequency response for a unity
1 F feedback system cannot be obtained from the
Nyquist plot.
1 F 6. Consider p(s) = s3 + a2s2 + a1s + a0 with all real
1 k
– coefficients. It is known that its derivative p’(s)
1V VI N (t) has no real roots. The number of real roots of
0V + VOUT (t)
t =0 p(s) is
4 Solved Paper - 2018

7. In a p-n junction diode at equilibrium, which one (c) P : Short Circuit, Q : Matched Load, R : Open
of the following statements is NOT TRUE? Circuit
(a) The hole and electron diffusion current (d) P : Short Circuit, Q : Open Circuit, R : Matched
components are in the same direction. Load
(b) The hole and electron drift current 11. Let M be a real 4 × 4 matrix. Consider the following
components are in the same direction. statements :
(c) On an average, holes and electrons drift in S1 : M has 4 linearly independent eigenvectors.
opposite direction. S2 : M has 4 distinct eigenvalues.
(d) On an average, electrons drift and diffuse in S3 : M is non-singular (invertible).
the same direction.
Whict one among the following is TRUE?
8. The logic f(X, Y) realized by the given circuit is
VDD
(a) S1 implies S2 (b) S2 implies S1
(c) S1 implies S3 (d) S3 implies S2
x x
y ax 2  by 2
y 12. Let f  x, y   , where a and b are
xy
f(X, Y)
f f
constant. If  at x = 1 and y = 2, then the
x y
relation between a and b is

(a) NOR (b) AND b b

(a) a  (b) a 
4 2
(c) NAND (d) XOR
(c) a = 2b (d) a = 4b
9. A function F(A, B, C) defined by three Boolean
variables A, B and C when expressed as sum of 13. A discrete-time all-pass system has two of its poles
products is given by at 0.250° and 230°. Which one of the following
statements about the system is TRUE?
F  A BC  A BC  A BC
(a) It has two more poles at 0.530° and 40°.
where, A, B and C are the complements of the
(b) It is stable only when the impulse response is
respective variables. The product of sums (POS)
two-sided.
form of the function F is
(c) It has constant phase response over all
 
(a) F   A  B  C  A  B  C  A  B  C  frequencies.
(b) F   A  B  C   A  B  C   A  B  C (d) It has constant phase response over the entire
z-plane.
(c) F   A  B  C   A  B  C   A  B  C
14. Let x(t) be a periodic function with period T = 10.
  A  B  C   A  B  C The Fourier series coefficients for this series are
(d) F   A  B  C   A  B  C   A  B  C denoted by ak, that is
 2
jk t
  A  B  C   A  B  C x  t   ak e T

10. The points P, Q and R shows on the Smith chart k 

The same function x(t) can also be considered as
(normalized impedance chart) in the following
a periodic function with period T’ = 40. Let bk be
figure represent :
the Fourier series coefficients when period is
 
taken as T’. If  |a k |  16 , then  |bk | is
k   k  

P Q
 
R equal to
(a) 256 (b) 64
(c) 16 (d) 4
(a) P : Open Circuit, Q : Short Circuit, R : Matched 15. Consider the following amplitude modulated signal:
: Load s(t) = cos(2000 t) + 4cos(2400 t) + cos(2800 t)
(b) P : Open Circuit, Q : Matched Load, R : Short The ratio (accurate to three decimal places) of
Circuit the power of the message signal to the power of
the carrier signal is _________.
Solved Paper - 2018

16. Consider a binary channel code in which each

 k 2k 
codeword has a fixed length of 5 bits. 22. Consider matrix A   2 and vector
2
The Hamming distance between any pair of  k  k k 
distinct codewords in this code is at least 2. The  x1 
X    . The number of distinct real values of
maximum number of codewords such a code can x2 
contain is ____________. k for which the equation AX = 0 has infintely
17. A binary source generates symbols X  {–1, 1} many solution is _______.
which are transmitted over a noisy channel. The 23. Let X1, X2, X3 and X4 be independent normal
probability of transmitting X = 1 is 0.5. Input to random variables with zero mean and unit
the threshold detector is R = X + N. The variance. The probability that X4 is the smallest
probability density function fN(n) of the noise N among the four is _________.
is shown below.  t2 
x  2 
f N (n) 24. Taylor series expansion of f  x    e
 
dt
0
around x = 0 has the form
0.5
f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ....
The coefficient a2 (correct to two decimal places)
is equal to __________.
–2 2 n
25. The ABCD matrix for a two-port network is defined
If the detection thershold is zero, then the by :
probability of error (correct to two decimal places)
is ____________. V1 A B V2
=
18. A p-n step junction diode with a contact potential I1 C D – I2
of 0.65 V has a depletion width of 1m at I1 I2
2 2
equilibrium. The forward voltage (in volts, correct
to two decimal places) at which this width reduces + +
to 0.6 m is ___________. V1 5 V2
19. A traffic signal cycles from GREEN to YELLOW, – –
YELLOW to RED and RED to GREEN. In each
The parameter B for the given two-port network
cycle, GREEN is turned on for 70 seconds,
(in ohms, correct to two decimal places) is ______.
YELLOW is turned on for 5 seconds and the RED
is turned on for 75 seconds. This traffic light has 26. The circuit shown in the figures is used to provide
to be implemented using a finite state machine regulated voltage (5 V) across the 1 k resistor.
Assume that the Zener diode has a constant
(FSM). The only input to this FSM is a clock of 5
reverse breakdown voltage for a current range,
second period. The minimum number of flip-flops
starting from a minimum required Zener current,
required to implement this FSM is _________.
I Zmin = 2 mA to its maximum allowable current.
20. There are two photolithography system : one The input voltage V1 may vary by 5% from its
with light source of wavelength 1 = 156 nm nominal value of 6 V. The resistance of the diode
(System 1) and another with light source of in the breakdown region in negligible.
wavelength  2 = 325 nm (System 2). Both
photolithography systems are otherwise identical. R
If the minimum feature sizes that can be realized
VI 5V 1 k
using System 1 and System 2 are Lmin1 and Lmin2
respectively, the ratio Lmin1/Lmin2 (correct to two
decimal places) is _________.
The value of R and the minimum required power
21. A lossy transmission line has resistance per unit dissipation rating of the diode, respectively, are
length R = 0.05 /m. The line is distortionless
(a) 186  and 10 mW
and has characteristic impedance of 50 . The
attenuation constant (in Np/m correct to three (b) 100  and 40 mW
decimal places) of the line is __________. (c) 100  and 10 mW
(d) 186  and 40 mW
6 Solved Paper - 2018

27. Let c(t) = Accos(2fct) and m(t) = cos(2fmt). It is The minimized expression for F(U, V, W, X) is
given that fc >> 5fm. The signal c(t) + m(t) is
applied to the input of a non-linear device, whose 
(a) UV  UV W 
output v 0(t) is related to the input v i(t) as
(b)  UV  UV  WX  WX 
v0(t) = av1  t   bv 2i  t  , where a and b are positive
constants. The output of the non-linear device is
(c)  UV  UV  W
passed through an ideal band-pass filter with (d)  UV  UV  WX  WX 
center frequency fc and bandwidth 3fm, to produce
an amplitude modulated (AM) wave. If it is 32. A 2 × 2 ROM array is built with the help of diodes
desired to have the sideband power of the AM as shown in the circuit below. Here W0 and W1
wave to be half of the carrier power, then a/b is are signals that select the word lines and B0 and
B1 are signals that are output of the sense amps
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5
based on the stored data corresponding to the bit
(c) 1 (d) 2 lines during the read operation.
28. Consider a white Gaussian noise process N(t) B0 B1
with two-sided power spectral density S N(f) =
Sense amps
0.5 W/HZ as input to a filter with impulse response
2
0.5e  t / 2 (where t is in seconds) resulting in
B 0 B1
output Y(t). The power in Y(t) in watts is
D00 D01
(a) 0.11 (b) 0.22 D10 D 11
(c) 0.33 (d) 0.44 Bits st ored in t he
29. The state equation and the output equation of a ROM Ar ray
control system are given below :
 4  1.5 2
x    x    u, During the read operation, the selected word line
4 0  0 
y = [1.5 0.625]x goes high and the other word line is in a high
The transfer function representation of the system is impedance state. As per the implementation
shown in the circuit diagram above, what are the
3s  5 3s  1.875
(a) 2 (b) 2 bits corresponding to Dij (where i = 0 or 1 and
s  4s  6 s  4s  6 j = 0 or 1) stored in the ROM?
4s  1.5 6s  5
(c) 2 (d) 2 1 0 0 1
s  4s  6 s  4s  6 (a)  (b) 
0 1 1 0 
30. Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B) Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using p-n junctions 1 0  1 1 
of three different inorganic semiconductors having (c) 1 0  (d) 0 0 
   
different band-gaps. The built-in voltages of red,
33. The distance (in meters) a wave has to propagate
green and blue diodes are V R , V G and V B ,
in a medium having a skin depth of 0.1 m so that
respectively. Assume donor and acceptor doping
to be the same (NA and ND respectively) in the p the amplitude of the wave attenuates by 20 dB, is
and n sides of all the three diodes. (a) 0.12 (b) 0.23
Which one of the following relationships about (c) 0.46 (d) 2.3
the built-in voltages is TRUE? 34. A curve passes through the point (x = 1, y = 0)
(a) VR > VG > VB (b) VR < VG < VB and satisfies the differential equation
(c) VR = VG = VB (d) VR > VG < VB dy x2  y 2 y
  . The equation that describes
31. A four-variable Boolean function is realized using dx 2y x
4 × 1 multiplexers as shown in the figure. the curve is
I0 I0 F(U, V, W, X)  y2  1  y2 
I1 (a) I n  1   x  1 (b) I n 1    x 1
VCC 4×1 I1 4 × 1
 x2 
 2  x2 
I2 MUX I MUX
2  y 1  y
I 3 S1 S0 I 3 S1 S0 (c) I n  1    x  1 (d) I n 1    x 1
x 2  x

U V W X
Solved Paper - 2018

35. For the circuit given in the figure, the voltage VC In the above circuit, assume the op-amp to be
(in volts) across the capacitor is ideal. The voltage (in volts, correct to one decimal
100 k place) at node A, connected to the negative input
of the op-amp as indicated in the figure is _______.
+ + 39. The input 4sinc(2t) is fed to a Hilbert transformer
5sin(5t) V 1 F VC to obtain y(t), as shown in the figure below :
– – H i l ber t
4si nc(2t ) y(t )
Tr ansfor m
100 k sin  , x 
(a) 1.25 2 sin  5t  0.25  Here sin c  x   . The value (accurate to
x
(b) 1.25 2 sin  5t  0.125  
2
two decimal places) of |y  t  | dt is __________.
(c) 2.5 2 sin  5t  0.25  
(d) 2.5 2 sin  5t  0.125  40. A random variable X takes values –0.5 and 0.5
1 3
36. For the circuit given in the figure, the magnitude with probabilities and , respectively. The noisy
of the loop current (in amperes, correct to three 4 4
observation of X is Y = X + Z, where Z has uniform
decimal places) 0.5 second after closing the switch
probability density over the interval (–1, 1).
is ________.
X and Z are independent. If the MAP rule based
– 1 V+ 1 detector outputs X̂ as
 0.5, Y  
X̂  
1 1H 0.5, Y  ,
then the value of  (accurate to two decimal places)
is ___________.
37. A DC current of 26 A flows through the circuit
shown. The diode in the circuit is forward biased 41. For a unity feedback control system with the
and it has an ideality factor of one. At the quiescent K
point, the diode has a junction capacitance of 0.5 forward path transfer function G  s   .
s  s  2
nF. Its neutral region resistances can be neglected. The peak resonant magnitude Mr of the closed-
Assume that the room temperature thermal loop frequency response is 2. The corresponding
equivalent voltage is 26 mV. value of the gain K (correct to two decimal places)
is _________.
42. The figure below shows the Bode magnitude
5sin( t ) mV and phase plots of a stable transfer function
100  n0
G  s  .
3 2
V s  d2s  d1s  d0

| G(j  )|

36 dB
For  = 2  106 rad/s, the amplitude of the small- 20 dB
signal component of diode current (in A, correct 0 dB

to one decimal place) is _________. k G(s)
+ 
38. An op-amp based circuit is implemented as shown –
 G(j  )
below. 0°
31 k
– 180°
– 270°
+15 V
1 k
+ – Consider the negative unity feedback
A +
+ configuration with gain k in the feedforward path.
V0
1V The closed loop is stable for k < k0. The maximum
– 15 V –
– value of k0 is _________.
8 Solved Paper - 2018
43. In the circuit shown below, the (WIL) value for
M2 is twice that for M1. The two nMOS transistors
are otherwise identical. The threshold voltage
VT for both transistors is 1.0 V. Note that VGS for
M2 must be > 1.0 V.
3.3 V
2.0 V
M2
Vx
M1
Current through the nMOS transistors can be
modeled as
 W  1 2 
IDS  Cox     VGS  VT  VDS  VDS  for
 L 2
VDS  VGS – VT
 W 2
IDS  Cox    VGS  VT  / 2 for VDS  VGS – VT
 L
The voltage (in volts, accurate to two decimal
places) at Vx is ________.
44. A solar cell of area 1.0 cm2, operating at 1.0 sun
intensity, has a short circuit current of 20 MA,
and an open circuit voltage of 0.65 V. Assuming
room temperature operation and thermal
equivalent voltage of 26 mV, the open circuit
voltage (in volts, correct to two decimal places)
at 0.2 sun intensity is _________.
45. A junction is made between p Si with doping
–
density NA1 = 1015 cm–3 and p Si with doping
density NA2 = 1017 cm–3.
Given : Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J .
K–1, electronic charge q = 1.6 × 10–19 C. Assume
100% acceptor ionization.
At room temperature (T = 300K), the magnitude
of the built-in potential (in volts, correct to two
decimal places) across this junction will be
________.
46. In the circuit shown below, a positive edge-
triggered D flip-flop is used for sampling input
data DIN using clock CK. The XOR gate outputs
3.3 volts for logic HIGH and 0 volts for logic LOW
levels. The data bit and clock periods are equal
and the value of T/TCK = 0.15, where the parameters
T and TCK are shown in the figure. Assume that
the Flip-Flop and the XOR gate are ideal.
X
D in D Q
D Fli p-Fl op
CL K
CK
If the probability of input data bit (Din) transition
in each clock period is 0.3, the average value (in
volts, accurate to two decimal places) of the
voltage at node X, is ________.
47. The logic gates shown in the digital circuit below
use strong pull-down nMOS transistors for LOW
logic level at the outputs. When the pull-downs
are off, high-value resistors set the output logic
levels to HIGH (i.e. the pull-ups are weak). Note
that some nodes are intentionally shorted to
implement “wired logic”. Such shorted nodes will
be HIGH only if the outputs of all the gates whose
outputs are shorted are HIGH.
X0
X1
X2
X3 Y
The number of distinct values of X 3 X2 X1 X0
(out of the 16 possible values) that give Y = 1
is _________.
48. The cut-off frequency of TE 01 mode of an air
filled rectangular waveguide having inner
dimensions a cm × b cm (a > b) is twice, that of
the dominant TE10 mode. When the waveguide is
operated at a frequency which is 25% higher than
the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode,
the guide wavelength is found to be 4 cm. The
value of b (in cm, correct to two decimal places)
is _________.
Solved Paper - 2018

49. A uniform plane wave travelling in free space and 52. Let r = x2 + y – z and z3 – zy + yz + y3 = 1. Assume
having the electric field that x and y are independent variables. At (x, y, z)
 = (2, –1, 1), the value (correct to two decimal places)
E  2aˆ x  aˆ z cos 6 3  108 t  2 x  2z V / m
    r
 
of is __________.
is incident on a dielectric medium (relative x
permittivity > 1, relative permeability = 1) as 53. Consider the network shown below with R1 = 1
shown in the figure and there is no reflected wave. , R 2 = 2  and R 3 = 3 . The network is
connected to a constant voltage source of 11 V.
z
Free space R1 R1
Dielectric
Medium (r > 1)
R2
x R1 R1 +
R3 R3 11 V
–

R2
R1 R1
The relative permittivity (correct to two decimal
places) of the dielectric medium is _________. The magnitude of the current (in amperes, accurate
50. The position of a particle y(t) is described by the to two decimal places) through the source is _____.
differential equation : 54. A band limited low-pass signal x(t) of bandwidth
5 kHz is sampled at a sampling rate f s. The signal
d2 y dy 5y x(t) is reconstructed using the reconstruction filter
 
2 dt 4 H(f) whose magnitude response is shown below:
dt
dy | H(f )|
The initial conditions are y(0) = 1 and  0. K
dt t 0
The position (accurate to two decimal places) of
the particle at t =  is _________.
51. The contour C given below is on the complex plane
z = x + jy, where j  1 . 0
–8 –6 6 8 f(kHZ)
y The minimum sampling rate f s (in kHz) for perfect
C reconstruction of x(t) is _________.
55. Let X[k] = k + 1, 0  k  7 be 8-point DFT of a
–1 1 x N 1
sequence x[n], where X  k    x  n  e  j2nk / N .
n0
The value (correct to two decimal places) of
1 dz 3
The value of the integral 
 is _________.
2
j z  1
c
 x  2n  is __________.
n0

AN SWERS
Gen er al Ap t i t u d e (GA)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
Tech n i cal Sect i on
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d)
9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. 0.25 16. 16
17. 0.125 18. 0.416 19. 5 20. 0.48 21. 0.001 22. 2 23. 0.25 24. 0
25. 4.80 26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (a)
33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. 0.316 37. 6.40 38. 0.5 39. 8 40. –0.50
41. 14.928 42. 0.10 43. 0.4226 44. 0.608 45. 0.1192 46. 0.8415 47. 8 48. 0.75
49. 2 50. –0.21 51. 2 52. 4.50 53. 8 54. 13 55. 3
10 Solved Paper - 2018

EXPL AN AT I ON S
7. A B
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E
G:C G:C
3. Rule of divisibility by 3 : Sum of all digits should
2:3 3:7
be divisible by 3
Now making the mass equal of alloy A and B.
715 ? 423
A B
7 + 1 + 5 + 4 + 2 + 3 = 22
G:C G:C
So, the next number after sum 22 which are
divisible by 3 are 24, 27, 30 etc. 4:6 3:7
So, 22 + 2 = 24  Alloy of C contain
22 + 5 = 27 G : C = 4 + 3 : 6 + 7 = 7 : 13
But according to given condition 2 is right answer. 8. Statement (i) is not true as nowhere it is
mentioned that John was a captain in junior team.
4. The given series is in G.P,
The introductory line emphasizes on the board
1 recognizing John’s potential (Latent quality/
where a = 1 and r = possibility) as leader of the team.
4
Statement (iii) also manipulates the facts
a mentioned in the argument.
Now, in G.P, sn =
1r The 3rd statement of the argument while this
1 1 4 aggression has filled stadia with die-hard fans does
= 
not indicate fans expectations from John as a
1 3/4 3
1 caption.
4
5. A Statement (ii) The concluding statement of the
para suggests that finding a completer captain is
a tough task as it look John many years to become
D a successful and calculative batsman - captain.
Statement (iv) can be explicity concluded from
1.5 the last 4 lines of the para.
9. Probability that accident was caused by blue cab
B E C = 0.15 × 0.8 = 0.12 = 12%
3 3 10. (A) is beyond the scope of given information option
Let ‘AB’ be the height of lamp post (c) can also be discarded on the same grounds.
Here ABC and DEC are similar triangles, The argument deals with the coastal region
BC becoming crowded and polluted because of the
AB
 = upcoming luxury resort. Option (b) precisely
DE EC
underlines the theme of the para.
AB 6
 =
1.5 3 T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON
AB 1. D
 =2
1.5 iD
AB = 3 meter M2
Hence height of lamp post is 3 m. i D1 = i D
6. P:A
(10)5 : (11)5 G M1
+
(10)6  (10)5 Vgs
 P= –
(11)5 S
(10)11
= I D i i
(11)5 gm   D  D1  g m1
Vin v gs v gs
= 620921.323  621000
Solved Paper - 2018

To calculate r0 : 6. Here degree of p(s) is ‘3', so it will have three

roots.
Ix
p(s) = 3s2 + 2a2s + a1 will have two roots and has
+ + no real root
v2 gm1V2 r o2
–  p(s) will have one real root.
0A + V 8. From pull-down network,
Ix Vx
+ – x
+ f  X, Y   XY  XY  X  Y
v1 = 0 V r o1 I xr o1
– gm2V1 – f  X, Y   X  Y  X  Y
–
9. – – – –
AB AB AB AB AB
V2 = –Ixro1 C 00 01 11 10
–
C 0 1 1 1
I x  g m2 V2 
 Vx  I x ro1 
ro2 C 1

Vx ro1 F  A, B,C,D   ABC  ABC  ABC

 I x  g m2 ro1 I x  r  I x r
o2 o2 = M(0, 2, 4) = m(1, 3, 5, 6, 7)
 r 
Now, Vx  ro2 1  ro1gm 2  o1  I x  
= A BC A BC A BC  
 ro2 

Vx  A  B  C A  B  C
ro   ro1  ro2  ro1 ro2 g m2  ro1 ro2 g m2
Ix 10. For Short circuit, r = x = 0  Point “P”
2. For t > 0, For Open circuit, r = x =   Point “R”
For Matched load, r = 1 and x = 0  Point “Q”
1 F
+ P : Short Circuit, Q : Matched Load, R : Open
+ –
I V1 + Circuit
1 k 2.5V 1 F V 2
– – 11. Eigen vectors corresponding to distinct eigen
1V
0V
– values are linearly independent.
+ V OUT (t)
ax2  by 2 x y
12. Here, f  x, y    a    b 
xy y x
1V
I= = 1mA
1k  f a by
Now  
x y x 2
Till t = 2.5 msec, both V1 and V2 will increase and
after t = 2.5 msec, V1 = 2.5 V and V2 increases f
with time. Now at x = 1 and y = 2
x
when vout(t) = –10 V, V1 = 7.5 V
f  a by   a b(2)  a
t      2b
1 x 1,2  y x 2  1,2  2 1  2
1mA  dt  7.5V  
So, 1F 
0
3 f  ax b 
10 t = 7.5 Now    
y  y 2 x 
t = 7.5 msec
3. A good transimpedance amplifier should have low f
Now at x = 1 and y = 2
input impedance and low output impedance. y
5. For Bode magnitude plotting only magnitude
f  ax b  a
information is required for plotting. While in   2    b
Nyquist plotting we need both magnitude and
 y 1,2   y x  4
1,2 
phase information.
12 Solved Paper - 2018
Now according to question, 16. For, n = 5 and dmin = 2 (given)
f f For dmin = 2, the codewords can be formed as

x y follows:
a a
  2b    b 0 0 0 0 1
2 4
0 0 0 1 0
3a
  3b 0 0 1 0 0
4
 a = 4b 0 0 1 1 1
lm 0 1 0 0 0
13. ×
0 1 0 1 1
2
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 0
 Total 16 codewords
30° 1 0 0 0 0
× ar e possible
0.25 Re 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
Uni t circle
1 1 0 1 0
The ROC should encircle unit circle to make the 1 1 1 0 0
system stable. From the given pole pattern it is
1 1 1 1 1
clear that, to make the system stable, the ROC
should be two-sided. Thus impulse response for 17. Let s 0 and s 1 be the transmitted symbols
the system should be two-sided. representing the transmitted value {–1, 1}
14. Change in only time period or frequency does not respectively and let r0 and r1 be the received
change in the value of Fourier series coefficients. symbols.
So, bk = ak f N (n)
1
  Slope 
4
 |bk |   |a k |  16 0.5
k   k  
15. s(t) = cos(2000t) + 4cos(2400t) + cos(2800t)
...(i ) 0 1 n
–3 –2 –1 2 3
Standard form of the AM signal is given below,
P(r 0| s1) P(r 1| s0)
A c
s  t  cos 2  f c  f m  t   A c cos  2f c t   Now Probability of error, (Pe)
2
= P(s1)P(r0|s1) + P(s0)P(r1|s0)
A c
cos  2  f c  f m  t  P  r0 |s1   P  r1 |s0 
2
Now comparing equation (i ) with standard 1 1 1
equation we get  1 
2 4 8
Ac = 4
1
A c P  s0   P  s1   (given)
and 1 2
2
2 1 1 1 1
   Pe =     
Ac 2 8 2 8
Am 2 11 1
Now   Am  2 =
Ac Ac   
28 8
1 2
Pm Am A2  22  1  0.25 1
 2  m  = = 0.125
Now 1 2 A 2c 8
Pc
Ac  4 2 4
2
Solved Paper - 2018

22. AX = 0 has infinitely many solutions (given)

2  1 1 
18. Wdep    V  VAK  |A| = 0
q  N A ND  bi
 
k 2k
 0.65  VAK  0.6m  2
0
 k k k2
0.65 1m
 k(k2) – 2k(k2 – k) = 0
0.65  VAK
  0.6  k3 – 2k3 + 2k2 = 0
0.65
 k2(2 – k) = 0
1  VAK  k = 0, 2  “two” distinct values of k
  0.6
0.65
3! 3 2 1
Now squaring on both side 23. P(X4 is smallest) =    0.25
4! 4  3  2 4
VAK
 1  0.36 x
2
0.65 f  x   et /2
dt
24.
 VAK = 0.65 (1 – 0.36) = 0.65 × 0.64 = 0.416 V 0
19. GREEN  70 seconds Differentiating f(x) w.r.t. ‘x’ we get
YELLOW  5 seconds 2 2
RED  75 seconds f'  x   e  x /2
and f"  x   e  x /2
 x 
Clock period  5 seconds Now f (0) = 0
Total number of unique states f"  0
a2  0
70  5  75 150 2!
=   30
5 5 25. V1 = AV2 – BI2 ...(i )
 No of flipflop required (n) = log 30
2 5 and I1 = CV2 – DI2 ...(i i )
Now inorder to find B, put V2 = 0 (i.e. port 2 is
k short circuited) in equation (i ) we get
20.  L =
NA
V1 = –BI2
Lmin 
L min1  156 nm
 1   0.48
Lmin 2  2 325 nm
21. For a distortionless transmission line,
L C

R G
Propagation constant, V1
 I1 = 2   5  2 
    j   R  jL G  jC
L = V1

 RG  1  j   10 
 R 2  7 
 
Attenuation constant,   RG
7V1  5  2 10 
Characteristic impedance, =  5  2  5  2  7  
24  
Z0 
 R  j L  
R 5 5V1
 G  j C  G Now, I2 = I1  
5  2 24
R V
G  B=  1
Z0 I2
So, 24
=  = 4.80
5
R R 0.05 0.01
 R     0.001Np / m
Z0 Z0 50 10
14 Solved Paper - 2018

26. VI = 6 V ± 5% = 6 V ± 0.3 V = 5.7 V to 6.3 V 29. Transfer function,

5V Y  s 1
IL   5mA T  s   C  sI  A  B
1k U  s
Is(min) = IL + Iz(min)
= 5 mA + 2 mA = 7 mA  4  1.5
A
4 0 
VI  Vz
Now Is 
R
 2
B 
VI min   Vz 0 
 Is min    7mA
R max C = [1.5 0.625]

VI min   Vz s  4 1.5

[sI  A]  
 Rmax =  4 s 
Is (min)
1 s  1.5
5.7  5 700 [sI  A]1 
= k    100 
s2  4s  6 4 s  4 
7 7  
Now, when, R = 100 ,
1  2s 
6.3  5 [sI  A]1 B   
Is max   A  13mA 2
s  4s  6  8 
100
Iz(max) = Is(max) – IL = 13 mA – 5 mA = 8 mA
1  2s 
Pz(min) = Vz Iz(max) = (5 × 8)mW = 40 mW C[sI  A]1 B  1.5 0.625  
2
s  4s  6  8
27. vi(t) = Accos(2fct) + cos(2fmt)
3s  5
v o  t   av i  t   bv 2i  t  T  s 
2
s  4s  6
aA c cos  2f c t   a cos  2f m t  
30. R > G > B
 b[A 2c cos2 2
 2f c t   cos  2f m t  1
Energy gap, Eg 

 2A c cos  2fc t  cos  2f m t ]
So, EgR < EgG < EgB
Now passing above signal through band pass filter
Materials with high energy gap will have high
we get,
built-in voltages, when doping concentrations are
same.
y  t   aA c cos 2f c t  2bA c cos  2f c t  cos  2f m t 
So, VR < V G < VB
 2b  31. I0 I0 F(U, V, W, X)
 aA c 1  cos  2f m t   cos  2f c t  F1
 a  I1 I1 4 × 1
VCC 4×1

2b I 2 MUX I MUX
2
Now, modulation index, ()  I 3 S1 S0 I 3 S1 S0
a

2 1 U V W X
Power of side band (PSB )  Pc  Pc
2 2 Output of first multiplexer is given by
 m2 = 1  = 1 F1  UV  UV
2b and Output of the second multiplexer is given by
 1
a F  WXF1  WXF1  WF1  UV  UV W  
a
 2  F1  UV  UV 
b
Solved Paper - 2018

32. B0 B1 dt  1 t
 x  x  
Sense amps dx  2t 2 

dt  1  t2 
 x  x 
dx  2t 
2t
Now  1  t2 dt   dx  C
I n(1 + t2) = x + C
y
 t
x
When, W0 = VDD, B0 = VDD ; otherwise B0 = 0
...(i )  y2 
So, In  1    xC
When W1 = VDD, B1 = VDD ; otherwise B1 = 0  x2 
...(i i ) At x = 1, y = 0
From (i ) and (i i ) we get  0
 B0 = W0 and B1 = W1 In  1    In 1  0  1  C
 1
B 0 B1 C = –1
W0 1
0
Hence,
 y2 
W1 0
1 So, In  1    x 1
 x2 
33. Attenuation constant, ()
1 1
1 35.   200 k
  10Np / m C 5  10 6
skin depth
200 k
 E0 
 20 log10  E   20 dB
 x
+ +
E0 1 – j 200 k 
 E  10 5sin(5t) V VC
x – –
E0
 E  10
x
E0 5 0  50  1  90
 Ex  VC     j200  V  V
10 200  j200 2   45
E 5
Now Ex  E0 e x  E0 e 10x  0 =
 
  45 V  2.5 2 sin  5t   V
10 2  4 
10x 1 = 2.5 2 sin  5t  0.25  V
 e 
10
36. Loop current,
1
x In 10  0.23m 1
10 i  t  1  e 1 /  A ; t  0
 
2
11
dy x y y
34.    L 1 1
dx 2y 2 x Now     sec
R eq 1  1 2
Let y = xt
1  1
dy
 tx
dt  i  t  1  e 2t A ; t  0
    2 

dx dx 2  
dt x tx 1
 tx   t Now, at t = 0.5 sec, i  t   1  e 1 A  0.316A

dx 2t 2 2
16 Solved Paper - 2018

37. The small-signal equivalent model of the given 31 k

circuit is given below.
Cj +15 V
1 k
+ –
A +
+ V o = –15 V
1V
i(t) –15 V –
rd –
100 
Now applying KCL at node ‘A’, we get,
5sin( t ) mV
VA  1 VA   15 
 0
1k 31k
Given data,  = 2  106 rad/sec VA VA 15 1
  
Ci = 0.5 nF 1k 31k 31k 1k
IDC = 26 A 1 1  15
 VA      1
VT = 26 mV  1 31  31
=1 VA = 0.5 V
Now, 39. Hilbert transorm does not alter the amplitude
VT 26mV spectrum of the signal.
rd    1k
I DC 26A X(f)
1 1
   1k 2
Cj 2  10  0.5  109
6

 Total impedance of the circuit

 1 
Z   rd    100 –1 0 1 f(Hz)
 jCj 
  
2 2 2
 1  1000   j 1000   j 1  j  So,  |y  t | dt   |x  t | dt   |X  f | df
 rd    k   
 jCj  1000  j 1000 2 x(t) = 4sinc(2t)
1 CTFT
 1  j  k   500  j 500   sin c  t   rect  f 
2
CTFT 4 f  f
 Z =  500  j500   100   4 sin c  2t   rect    2 rect  
2 2
   2
 Z = 600 – j 500 

2 2
(600)2  (500)2  |X  f | df  2   2   8

Now magnitude 
2
|Z| 100 36  25  100 61  So,  |y  t | dt  8

Vm 5mV 50 40. f z(z)
Now, I m    A  6.40A
|Z| 100 61 61
38. Applying the concept of virtual ground, we get, 1/2

R2
Vo   Vin [ non-inverting amplifier]
R1
31k –1 0 1 z
 V0   1V 1
1k P  x0  
V0 = –31 V < –15 V [Not possible] 4
Hence, the output voltage of the op-amp is equal 3
P  x1  
to –15 V. 4
Solved Paper - 2018

MAP criteria,  20log10(k) < –20

x0  log10k < –1
f   y|x0  P  x0  f 
  y|x1  P  x1  k < 10–1 = 0.10
x1
 k0 = 0.10
f y y | x1 P x1
1 3 3  n Cox  W 
f y y| x 0 P x 0 fy 43. Let, Kn 
    
2 4 8 2  L
1 1 1
  
2 4 8  W  W
Given than    2  
L 2 L 1

y So, Kn = 2Kn
– 1.5 – 1 – 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 1
For M1, VGS1 – VT = (2 – 1)V = 1 V
Opti mum threshold exist s here
For M2, VGS2 – VT = 2 – Vx – 1 = 1 V – Vx < 1 V
So,  = –0.50
VDS2 = (3.3 – Vx) > (VGS2 – VT)
41. Maximum resonant peak,
So, M1 will be in linear region and M2 will be in
1 saturation region.
Mr  2
2 1   2 I D1 = I D2
1 2 
2 1   2   K n1 2  VGS1  VT  VDS1  VDS1
 
2
2
1  K n2  VGS2  VT 
 2 1  2 
 
16 2
1 K n1 2  2  1 Vx  Vx2   2K n1  2  Vx  1
 
 4  2  0
16  K n  2K n 
2 1
2  1 
  1  1  4(1)   2 2 2

 16   
 2Vx  Vx  2 1  Vx  2Vx  2Vx  4Vx  2
2  3Vx2  6Vx  2  0
3
8
1 1 3 4
=  4 =  3  1  1V
2 2 2 4  Vx  1 
4 3
1 1 VGS2 = (2 – Vx)  VT  (1 – Vx)  0
As Mr = 2 > 1,   and 2 
2 2 1
 Vx  1  3  0.4226V
1 3
 2  
2 4 I 
44. For solar cell, VOC  VT ln  SC 
K  2n  Io 
Given, G  s   
s  s  2 s  s  2 n 
I   0.20 
So, n  K VOC2  VOC1  VT ln  SC2   VT ln  
 ISC1   1.0 
2 K  2
VOC2 = VOC1 – 0.026ln(5)
1 = 0.65 – 0.041845 = 0.608 V
K 

46.
1 1 4
K    14.928
2 1 3 2 3
2  4 
 
42. For G(s), MdB (pc) = 20 dB
When cascaded with k,
GMdB = –20 dB – 20log10(k) > 0 dB 3.3 V
 20 + 20log10(k) < 0 0V
0V
18 Solved Paper - 2018

When input is changed during clock period (with 49.

probability 0.3) 3
2
When input is not changed during clock period

(with probability 0.7) 1
  T     1 2 
VX  avg   0.3  3.3  1     0.7  0  V
  TCK   
K i  2 xˆ  2zˆ  2 3 
 3 
xˆ  zˆ 
3 

 T 
  0.15V  1
cos ix 
 TCK  3
= 0.3 × 3.3 × (1 – 0.15) V
 tan ix  2
= (0.3 × 3.3 × 0.85) V = 0.8415 V
Now as there is no reflected wave,
47.  ix = B = Brewester angle
X0 Wir ed AND
As the wave is parallelly polarized,
B
X1 r 0
X2 A  tan B  0 = r  2

Y So, r = 2
X3
d2 y dy 5y
50. 2
 
A = (X1  X1) X 3 dt dt 4
B   X1  X 2  X 3 X 0   X 0  0 d2 y dy 5y
   0 ...(i )
Y = B + X3 = 0 + X3 = X3 2 dt 4
dt
Out of 16 possible combinations of X3 X2 X1 X0 Now, y(0) = 1
Output will be high for 8 combinations. and y’(0) = 0
 Y will be high for 8 combinations. By applying Laplace transform, in equation (i ) we
2c c get,
48. f c 01  2 f c10  
2a a 5
s2 Y  s  s 1  sY  s   1  Y s  0
c c 4
Now   a  2b
2b a  2 5
 Y  s  s  s    s  1
a  4
 b
2 s1 s 1
 Y  s  
Operating frequency, f = 1.25f c(10) 5 2
s2  s   1
f c(10) < 1.25f c(10) < [f c(01) = 2f c(10)] 4  s    1
2
So, for the given frequency, the waveguide will
 1 1
work in TE10 mode. s  2 
    2
0 c/ f c/ f 2 2
So,  g     1  1
 f c10 
2
 1 
2 0.6 s  2   1 s  2   1
1    
1   1.25 
 f  By taking inverse Laplace transform, we get,
C  1 
  g  4cm y  t   e  t / 2 cos  t   sin  t   ; t  0
1.25 fc10  0.6  2 
C Now, At t = ,
 3  10 2  2a
f c10 y  t     e  / 2  1   0   e  / 2
 a = 1.5 cm  0.2078  0.21
a
 b= = 0.75 cm
2
Solved Paper - 2018
y 52. r = x2 + y – z ...(i )
51.
r z
  2x  ...(i i )
x x
x Now, z3 – xy + yz + y3 = 1 ...(i ii )
–1 1
2 z z
C1 C2  3z yy 0
x x
z y
1 dz  x  2

 2
i z  1
3z  y
C z
By substituting the value of in equation (ii),
  x
1 dz 1 dz we get,
 2i   z  1 z  1 2i   z  1 z  1 
 2 
C1 C2 r y
   2x 
x 2
3z  y
  1   1  
 2       r  1
 z  1 z 1 z  1 z 1 
  Now 2 2 
x (2, 1, 1) =   2
3 1   1
  1  1 
 2          2 1
  2  2  = 4  4.50
3 1
53.
R1 R1
I
A B
R2
R1 R1 +
R3 R3 11 V
–

C D
R2
R1 R1

As the network is symmetric,

VA = VB and VC = VD
So, current through R2 resistors is zero and as VA = VB and VC = VD, electrically the circuit can be reduced as,

R1 R1
I R1 R1 I
A B

R1 R1 + +
R3 R3 11 V  R1 R1 R3 R3 11 V
– –

C D
R1 R1
R1 R1

Given data, R1 = 1  and R3 = 3 

 R1 R 3 
Now Total resistance, RT = 2(R1||R1) + (R1||R1||R3||R3)  R1   2 2 
 
 1 3 3 / 2 11
 RT  1     1  
 2 2  4 8
V
Now I
RT
11V 11
 I   8A
RT 11 / 8
20 Solved Paper - 2018

54. Let an arbitrary spectrum for x(t) as shown below:

X(f)

–5 0 5
f(kHZ)
The spectrum of the sampled signal can be given as,

... ...

–fs – 5 –f s –f s + 5 –8 –6 –5 0 5 6 8 fs – 5 fs fs + 5 f(kHZ)
For proper reconstruction of the signal,
fs – 5  8
 f s  8 + 5 = 13 kHz
 f s(min) = 13 kHz
55. X(k) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
3
 x  2n   x  0  x  2  x  4   x  6
n 0
= 4.5 – 0.5 – 0.5j – 0.5 – 0.5 + 0.5j
= 4.5 – 1.5 = 3

