Domestic violence

Introduction
In recent years there has been a series of programs and laws in defense of the rights of
children and women. However, does that ensure our well-being? Are these programs and
laws enough to stop the physical and psychological abuse that occurs every day against
them?
Legal protection is necessary, but it is urgent that our society acquires new and better habits
of upbringing and coexistence. Even in the possibility of appearing alarmist, it is necessary
to reeducate in terms of family treatment, which unfortunately for many is characterized by
violence, rejection and indifference.
In order to achieve a change in this situation, a rethinking of the roles of the father and
mother in front of the children is required, in order that the latter in the future respond to the
expectations of their parents.
We must go, then, in search of the causes that are the seed of a hostile family environment
and that, consequently, produce an erroneous education in our children.
I. VIOLENCE.
When we ask ourselves what we mean by violence, we usually associate it with that
produced by physical aggression. However, in our country violence has different
manifestations, which we could classify the expressions of violence in:
1.1 Domestic violence. Psychological and physical violence with the spouse, child abuse and
abuse of children.

1.2 Everyday violence. It is the one that we suffer daily and is characterized basically by the
lack of respect for the rules, no respect for a tail, mistreatment in public transport, the long
wait to be treated in hospitals, when we are indifferent to human suffering, the problems of
citizen security and accidents. We all contribute and we are part of a struggle whose
scenario becomes an urban jungle.

1.3 Political violence. It is one that arises from organized groups whether they are in power
or not. The traditional style of the political exercise, the indifference of the common citizen
before the events of the country, the non-participation in the decisions, as well as the
existence of the so-called bribes like: management of some institutions and the practices of
institutional Nepotism. Also the violence produced by the response of the armed groups.

1.4 Socio-economic violence. Which is reflected in situations of poverty and marginalization

of large groups of the population: unemployment, underemployment, informality; all this
basically reflected in the lack or inequality of opportunity of access to education and health.

1.5 Cultural Violence. The existence of an official Peru and a deep Peru (native and peasant
communities) are distortions of national identity values ​and facilitate unhealthy lifestyles.
1.6 Crime Violence. Theft, fraud, drug trafficking, that is, behaviors that assume illegitimate
means to reach material goods. Any form of individual or organized behavior that breaks the
social rules established to live in a group. established does not help solve the problems.
Everyone dreams of the model that society sells them, easy success. But being a qualified
professional or a qualified technician requires effort and preparation. It requires developing
internal resources and goals. Young people in our country have opportunities for guidance
and channeling their frustrations and in this they depend on their families, the school and the
institutions; It's everyone's responsability. That is, expressions of violence without a future
and without horizons can change.

TYPES OF MALTREATMENT.

2.1 Physical Abuse

1. Serious physical injuries: fractures of bones, hemorrhages, internal injuries, burns,

poisoning, subdural hematomas, etc.

2. Minor physical injuries or injuries: Do not require medical attention and do not endanger
the physical health of the child.

2.2 Emotional Abuse

1. Reject: Involves behaviors of abandonment. The parents reject the spontaneous

expressions of the child, their gestures of affection; They disapprove of their initiatives and
do not include them in family activities.

2. Terrorize: Threatening the child with an extreme punishment or with a sinister, creating in
him a feeling of constant threat.

3. Ignore: Refers to the lack of availability of parents for the child. The father is worried about
himself and is unable to respond to the child's behavior.

4. Isolate the child: deprive the child of opportunities to establish social relationships.

5. Submit the child to an environment where corruption prevails: Prevent the normal
integration of the child, reinforcing patterns of antisocial behavior.

2.3 Malpractice.

The child is deprived of basic care, even with the financial means; Health care, education,
food, protection, etc. are postponed or neglected.

III. ABUSERS.
3.1 Who are abusers? Are all those people who commit violent acts towards their partner or
children; It can also be towards others in general.

3.2 Why do they mistreat? Because they do not know how to love, they do not know how to
understand, they do not know how to respect.

3.3 What characteristics do abusers have?

1. They have low self-esteem.

2. They do not control their impulses.

3. They were victims of abuse in their childhood.

4. They do not know how to express affection.

3.4 What characteristics do the abused have?

1. They have low self-esteem.

2. Submissive

3. Conformists.

4. They were victims of mistreatment.

5. They do not express their affection.

3.5 What should be done to avoid the abuse?

Learn to:

- Understand.

- Communicate with warmth and affection.

- Respect yourself.

- Master your impulses (anger, anger).

IV. SEXUAL VIOLENCE, AN ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS.

Violence is a daily element in the lives of thousands of children in Peru, rape and sexual
abuse being committed against this vulnerable sector of the population, one of its most
dramatic and extreme manifestations. Rape and sexual abuse affect a plurality of
fundamental human rights such as sexual freedom, bodily and mental integrity, integral
health, life in its broadest dimension, compromising the future of the victims.

The rights violated with sexual assault have been constitutionalized worldwide, as a sign of
their importance. Although such aggressions involve a problem of human rights, various
social perceptions coexist in this respect, many of which assume it as second order,
silencing it, disregarding it politically and tolerating it; so that most violations remain
unpunished.

Likewise, the different social sectors in Peru, when dealing with the problem of human rights,
do not conceptualize sexual aggressions as a problem that deeply affects such rights but,
rather, as a matter of a purely sexual nature. They are different from the international
community, for which violence against women is a public agenda issue and constitutes a
global problem that affects human rights, and is an obstacle to development.

There are multiple factors that contribute to produce and perpetuate violence, being
fundamental, in our opinion, socialization, which forms individuals with differentiated and
asymmetric roles, and places both positions of subordination to women and domination of
males , awarding them different values. In this regard, David Finkelhor argues that sexual
victimization is probably so common in our societies due to the degree of male supremacy
that exists. It is a way in which men, the dominant quality group, exercise control over
women. To maintain this control, men need a vehicle through which women can be
punished, put in order and socialized into a subordinate category. Sexual victimization and
its threat are useful in keeping women intimidated. Inevitably, the process begins in
childhood with the victimization of the girl.

Important factor that acts in the social reproduction of this phenomenon is also the
legitimized right that parents and guardians have to use physical and emotional or sexual
violence as an effective means of control and socialization. This produces an internalization
and learning of these behaviors, which will be repeated later, guaranteeing their
permanence. Another element, no less significant, is offensive violence or subtly transmitted
by the media, which disseminate images and messages laden with sex, discrimination and
death, invading and permanently oppressing people from all social sectors.

4.1 Dimensions of sexual violence against children.

The characteristics of sexual aggressions perpetrated against children make it practically

impossible to even approximate their true magnitude. On the other hand, there are no official
scientific investigations that allow a true diagnosis; nor are there rigorous records,
elaborated with homogeneous criteria that provide adequate quantitative information.

Also, social myths and prejudices, the obstacles that arise in the administration of justice
against those who decide to denounce inappropriate legislation that does not include the
different types of sexual aggression, without other factors that prevent us from approaching
a more realistic dimension of this phenomenon Social. The registered cases, which
correspond only to some of those reported, would mean only the tip of the iceberg,
especially in terms of rapes, incest and all types of sexual assaults against children, since
unofficial investigations know that the majority of violations it is not brought to the attention of
the authorities, forming a large part of the hidden crime.

While it is virtually impossible to have exact figures, some studies offer an approximation,
which is an alarming reference.

Prado Saldarriaga concluded in an investigation:

That crimes against good morals are a problem of importance, since these infractions
remain the third most frequent in the country.

That rapes in minors constitute the attack with the highest record in the last 20 years.

That the highest incidence of sexual infractions is registered in urban areas, mainly in the
department of Lima.

That the authors of this type of crime have greater constancy in the age group of 18 to 27
years, and among people with education