SCADA Based Power Distribution and Management System

Submitted by

Fawad Shah
051-14-21413/BEEE/F14

Safeel Ahmad
051-14-21033/BEEE/F14

Supervised by

Eng. Muntazir Hussain

Thesis Submitted as partial fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Electronic, Engineering (BEEE)

Department of Electronic Engineering and Technology

Iqra University

December 2018

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research, neither as whole nor as part has been copied out from any
source. It is further declare that I have prepared this report entirely on the basis of my personal
efforts made under the sincere guidance of teachers especially my supervisor Engr. Mr. Muntazir
Hussain. If any part of this thesis is proved to be copied out from any source or found to be
reproduction of some other, I will stand by the consequences. No potion of the work presented
has been submitted in support of any application for any other degree or qualification of this or
any other university or institute of learning.

Fawad Shah
051-14-21413/BEEE/F14

Safeel Ahmad
051-14-21033/BEEE/F14

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 ABSTRACT

To overcome the deficiency of electricity there is need of a system which continuously monitors
demand of power or electricity and take decision based on what is important load at any time. To
accomplish this city is divided into geographical areas. Each area has different types of users and
hence loads demand also. As demand of power is always greater than supply so it is important to
wisely distribute power in this regard there is need to switch off load when another user is at its
peak time. This supervision is performed wirelessly at remote area. Status of power consumed is
wirelessly transferred and also controlled wirelessly at remote area.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This BE proposition in Electronics Engineering has been directed at Department of Electronic
Engineering, and Technology, IQRA University, as a major aspect of the degree program. We
might want to express gratitude toward Engr. Mr. Muntazir Hussain for giving us a chance to
take a shot at this task, under his watch and direction all through the undertaking. We might
likewise want to express gratitude toward Engr. Muhammad kashif for his assistance,
endeavors and devoted help all through the venture. Facilitate we are especially appreciative to
all-powerful Allah and thankful to our folks, siblings and sisters who constantly upheld and
supported us amid our undertaking and concentrates at (IUIC).

Fawad Shah
051-14-21413/BEEE/F14

Safeel Ahmad
051-14-21033/BEEE/F14

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 THESIS APPROVAL SHEET

It is certify that Fawad Shah and Safeel Ahmad Students of BE (EE) Department of Electronics
Engineering & Technology, Student ID (051-14-121413) and (051-14-121033) of IQRA
University Islamabad, has submitted the final Thesis report on “SCADA Based Power
Distribution and Management System”. We have read the report and it fulfills the partial of
Bachelor of Engineering Electronics Engineering degree.

INTERNAL EXAMINER:

Name:
Designation: Assistant Professor
Organization: Iqra University Islamabad Campus

Signature: _____________________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER:

Name:
Designation:
Organization:
Signature: _____________________

SUPERVISOR:

Name: Muntazir Hussain

Designation: Assistant Professor
Organization: Iqra University Islamabad Campus

Signature: _____________________

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration...............................................................................................................................…...ii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………......………….iii
Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................…...iv
Thesis approval sheet .......................…………….……………………………………………..…v
Table of contents.............................................................................................................................vi
List of figure....................................................................................................................................x
Abbreviation..................................................................................................................................xii
CHAPTER 01: Introduction
1.1 Summary of works……….…………...........................................................................…….…2
1.2 SCADA System…………………….………………………………………………………....3
1.2.1 Basic SCADA Architecture ………..………...……………..……….....…………… 3
1.2.2 Components of SCADA system….…….......…..….....................................................4
1.3 Design Methodology ..............…….......……………………….…………..………..…….......4
1.3.1 Geographical regions ……….....………….…....………………..……..……………5
1.4 Literature review ...…….…..………....... …………………………………..…...……………5
1.4.1 SCADA works ……….......…………………………………………..……...………..6
1.4.2 Increase Up Time,Cut cost………….……………..…………….……..………...……6
1.4.3 Implementation Consideratio……….……………….……………………..……….....7
1.4.4 Better Data presentation and Improved analysis ..............………………...…...….....7
1.4.5 The Benefits of Implementing SCADA system for Electrical Distribution............….8

CHAPTER 02: Components of the project

2.1 Programmable logic controller (PLC).........................…………………………….......….....10
2.1.1 Block Diagram of plc...................................................................................................10
2.1.2 Central Processing Unit (CPU)….……….........……….………....………...……......11
2.1.3 PLC Memory…………….............……...…………………………...………….…..11
2.1.4 Input units.........………………................….…………………………...…………..11
2.1.5 Output units………………………...............................………………….....………12

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2.2 Features of PLC…...................................................................................................................12
2.3 Scale of PLC…........................................................................................................................12
2.4 PLC Interface….......................................................................................................................13
2.5 Controller Programming of (PLC) …......................................................................................13
2.7 Transformer…..........................................................................................................................13
2.7.1 Transformer Circuit Diagra..............................................................................…......13
2.7 Relay.................................................................................................................................…...14
2.7.1 Relay Schematic..............................................................................................…...14
2.7.2 Energized Relay (ON).....................................................................................…...15
2.7.3 Relay (OFF)....................................................................................................…...15
2.7.4 Normally Open Contact (NO).........................................................................…...16
2.7.5 Normally Closed Contact (NC) .....................................................................…...16
2.8 Change-over (CO)/Double-toss (DT) Contacts................................................................…...16
2.9 SMPS...............................................................................................................................…....16
2.9.1 Advantages of SMPS ......................................................................................….....17
2.9.2 Disadvantages of switched-mode power supplies..........................................…......17
2.9.3 Block diagram of SMPS …....................................................................................18
2.9.4 Circuit diagram of SMPS.................................................................................…....18
2.9.5 SMPS Diagram.................................................................................................…....19
2.10 Analog to digital module ..............................................................................................…....19
2.10.1 Diagram of analog to digital module…..............................................................20
2.11 Resistors..................................................................................................................…...........20
2.11.1 Symbol of resistor........................................................................................…....20
Chapter 3: Relater work
3.1 The Evolution of Power Distribution...............................................................................…....22
3.1.1 Grid station ..............................................................................................................22
3.2 Keen Power Distribution Systems...........................................................................................23
3.3 Key Features………………………………………………………………………………....24
3.4 History of SCADA System......................................................................................................24
3.5 The Two Basic Elements of SCADA and How they are used.................................................24

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Chapter 4: Power measurement
4.1 power measurement…...........................................................................................................27
4.2 voltage sensing.............................................................................................................…......27
Chapter 5: Automation Distribution System
5.1 Need for Computerization (automation) in Power Distribution ..................................….......30
5.2 The Load Shedding Conventional Approach.....................................................…..................30
5.2.1 Interlock Load Shedding Breaker…........................................................................30
5.2.2 Load shedding…......................................................................................................31
5.2.3 Load Shedding with Programmable Logic Controller-Based…..............…………31
5.3 The Distribution Automation System Implementation Benefits...............................…..........31
5.3.1 Operational………………….…………………………………......………………31
5.3.2 Financial advantages......................................................................................…......32
5.3.3 Client focal points..............................................................................…..................32
5.4 Regions of Distribution Automation System Implementation.......................….....……….…32
5.4.1 Distribution Substation............................................................................................32
5.4.2 Balancing of Transformer Load........................................................................…...32
5.4.3 Regulation Voltage...........................................................................................…...32
5.5 Fault Isolation and Sectionalizing............................................................................................33
5.6 Monitoring Service Quality.....................................................................................................33
5.5 Advanced distribution automation.............................................................................…..........33
5.5.1 Project objective....................................…...............................................................33
5.5.2 Scope of the project.....................................................................................…........33
5.5.3 Status of the project........................................................................................….....34
Chapter 6: Software Simulation
6.1 Voltage sensor simulation........................................................................................................36
6.2 Distribution hardware..............................................................................................................36
6.3 coding.......................................................................................................................................36
6.4 SCADA display.......................................................................................................................39
6.5 SCADA distribution and management reading.......................................................................42

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Chapter 7: Hardware Implementation
7.1 Hardwar Implementation………………………………….....................................................46
7.2 Hardware diagram....................................................................................................................46
7.3 Circuit Diagram of project …..................................................................................................47
7.4 System Architecture of project…............................................................................................47
7.5 Working of the project….........................................................................................................48
7.6 Advantages of the project...............................................................................................…...48
Chapter 8: Conclusion and future work
8.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................51
8.2 Future work Scope...................................................................................................................51
References......................................................................................................................................53
Plagiarism result.............................................................................................................................55

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure1.1: City mode.......................................................................…..................…….………….2

Figure1.2: SCADA Architecture.....................................................................................................3

Figure1.3: Regions Distribution.......................................................................................................4

Figure2.1: (PLC)..............................................................................................................................9

Figure2.2: PLC Architecture............................................................................................................9

Figure 2.3: transformer circuit diagram.........................................................................................12

Figure 2.4: Relay............................................................................................................................12

Figure 2.5: Relay working............................................................................................................13

Figure 2.6: Relay Schematic simulation........................................................................................13

Figure 2.7: Normally Closed Relay...............................................................................................14

Figure 2.8: Normally Open Relay..................................................................................................14

Figure 2.9: Relay Types.................................................................................................................15

Figure 2.10: BD of SMPS..............................................................................................................16

Figure 2.11: (SMPS simulation)....................................................................................................17

Figure 2.12: (smps hardware)........................................................................................................17

Figure 2.13: anlage to digital.........................................................................................................18

Figure 2.14: diagram of analog to digital.......................................................................................18

Figure 2.15: resistor.......................................................................................................................19

Figure 3.1: Grid station................................................................................................................................21

Figure 3.2: smart grid (smart power distribution) .........................................................................22

Figure 3.3: SCADA in power distributio......................................................................................23

Figure 4.1: step down voltage........................................................................................................26

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Figure 4.2: Half wave rectifier.......................................................................................................27

Figure: 5.1: Basic Distribution System..........................................................................................29

Figure 6.1: voltage sensing simulation..........................................................................................34

Figure 6.2: distribution simulation.................................................................................................34

Figure 6.3: input coding.................................................................................................................35

Figure 6.4: three region on & 1 off coding....................................................................................35

Figure 6.5: Figure 8.3.2 coding for 2 on 2 off...............................................................................36

Figure 6.6: coding for 1 on 2 off regions.......................................................................................36

Figure 6.7: coding input.................................................................................................................37

Figure 6.8: coding the all regions reset..........................................................................................37

Figure 6.9: all regions on in this condition....................................................................................38

Figure 6.10: regions on & 1 off in this condition..........................................................................38

Figure 6.11: regions 2 on & 2 off in this condition.......................................................................39

Figure 6.12: regions 1 on & 3 off in this condition.......................................................................39

Figure 6.13: all regions off in this condition..................................................................................40

Figure 6.14: all regions ON in this reading…………………………...………………….………40

Figure 6.15: the one regions ON and three OFF in this reading…................................................41

Figure 6.16: the two regions ON and two off in this reading………...…………………….……41

Figure 6.17: the three regions ON and one off in this reading…………………….....…….……42

Figure 6.18: the all regions OFF in this reading……………………………………...…….……42

Figure 7.1: project hardware diagram............................................................................................44

Figure 7.2: project block diagram..................................................................................................45

Figure 7.3: system architecture of project .....................................................................................46

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 ABBREVATION

SCADA................................................................Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

PLC......................................................................................Programmable Logic Controller.
HMI...............................................................................................Human Machine Interface.
RTU....................................................................................................Remote Terminal Unit.
GUI..................................................................................................Graphical User Interface.
MTU.........................................................................................Maximum Transmission Unit.
PC..............................................................................................................Personal Computer.
ROM.......................................................................................................Read-Only Memory.
RAM...............................................................................................Random Access Memory.
CPU...................................................................................................Central Processing Unit.
DC....................................................................................................................Direct Current.
AC............................................................................................................Alternating Current.
SMPS......................................................................................Switched Mode Power Supply.
NC..................................................................................................................Normally Close.
NO..................................................................................................................Normally Open.
ADC............................................................................................Analog to Digital Converter.

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