It can be either a channel protein or a carrier protein, utilized in a facilitated diffusion.

A: uniporter

It means to maintain a stable internal environment.

A: homeostatis

These are essential in carrying out cellular respiration, as they are capable of "splitting" glucose
apart to release chemical energy and produce carbon dioxide.
A: Enzymes

IDENTIFICATION: This refers to the lipid barrier that surrounds the cell.
A: cell membrane

Proteins are molecules that have many different functions in living things
A: True

An organism which requires oxygen for cellular respiration.

A: Obligate anaerobe

refers to the difference in the concentration of the molecules in the two areas.
A: Concentration Gradient

allows glycosis to continue to make ATP in low-oxygen conditions.

A: lactic acid fermentation

___________ is an energy-carrying molecule which cells use to power their metabolic processes.
A: Adenosine Triphosphate

means "water-loving"
A: hydrophilic

This theory proposes that eukaryotic organelles evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that
invaded other prokaryotic cells.
A: Theory of Endosymbiosis

IDENTIFICATION. This serves a way for small molecules or ions to move across the cell membrane
without input of energy by the cell.
A: passive transport

Antibodies protect you against disease.

A: true

Physics tells us that organize system such as living organisms, tend to disorder without a constant
input energy.
A: true
IDENTIFICATION. They allow formation of a concentration gradient between the extracellular fluid
and the cytosol.
A: ion channels

Within plant cells or algal cells, chloroplasts organize that enzymes, chlorophyll, and accessory
pigment molecules necessary for photosynthesis.
A: true

is type of transport protein, acts like a pore in the membrane that allows transport of substances
across a cell membrane.
A: channel protein

The light reactions of photosynthesis also obviously occur during night hours.
A: false

Property of matter that is defined as the ability to do work.

A: energy

A metabolic process that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
A: oxidative phosphorylation

Fill in the blank: When the four ATP produced in glycosis and the Krebs Cycle are added, the total of
______ ATP fits the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration. (note: numerical answer only)
A: 38

DNA is the unique blueprint to make the proteins that give you your traits.
A: true

These are organelles specialized in carrying out aerobic respiration. They have their own DNA and
ribosomes.
A: Mitochondria

Potential energy is the energy of moving objects.

A: false

FILL IN THE BLANK: A ________is an organism which requires oxygen for cellular respiration.
A: obligate aerobes

FILL IN THE BLANK: Certain molecules require the assistance in the form of ________ to get
across the plasma membrane.
A: transport proteins

Kinetic energy is stored in objects typically because of their position or shape.

A: false
IDENTIFICATION: ____________ is a series of chemical reactions which completes the breakdown
of glucose begun in Stage 1 of aerobic cellular respiration.
A: Citric Acid Cycle

means "water-hating"
A: hydrophobic

The rate of gas exchange between the body and the outside air.
A: respiration rate

All living things require an ongoing source of energy to do the work of life.
A: true

Organic compound is the secondary components of living organism

A: false

refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane.

A: cell transport

FILL IN THE BLANK: One of the ways for molecules to pass through a phospholipid membrane,
__________ requires that the cell uses energy to pull in or pump out certain molecules and ions.
A: active transport

The structure within the chloroplast, this consists of stacks of sac-like thylakoid membranes.
A: grana

Life requires photosynthesis for fuel and for the oxygen to burn that fuel.
A: true

The source of energy for food is sunlight energy.

A: true

When the binding of complementary bases takes place, DNA molecules form a double helix.
A: true

Disaccharide is a type of simple sugar results from bonding two single sugars together.
A: true

Cytosine and guanine doesn't always bond together.

A: false
The formation of new combinations of alleles.
A: genetic recombination

They are called the paired chromosomes as they are formed by a complex with four chromatids.
A: bivalent or tetrad chromosomes

Each cell undergoes this stage, producing four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of
genes and chromosomes.
A: cytokinesis

It refers to the suspended state of the oocytes.

A: Dictyotene stage

A type of cell division which halves the number of chromosomes.

A: Meiosis

Longest phase of meiosis

A: Prophase I

This refers to the pairing of a chromosome during meiosis.

A: synapsis

In this stage, the new plate is rotated by 90 degrees when compared to meiosis 1, perpendicular to
the previous plate.
A: Metaphase II
The first stage of Prophase 1 They are hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton
structures
A: microtubules

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A: crossing over

It is closely related DNA–containing organelles include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and a diverse

group of leucoplasts.
A: plastids

The relationship is evident (protein structure determines its function) , (nucleic acids structure results
in a genetic code) , anatomy (longer necked giraffes are more functional than short neck giraffes) ,
as well as cells.
A: structure-function relationship

The belief that living organisms grow directly from decaying organic substances was the accepted
explanation for the appearance of small organisms.
A: spontaneous generation

The smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms.

A: cell

True or False: People with both normal undefected mtDNA and not normal, defected mtDNA, may
not inherit mitochondrial disease.
Answer: true

The division of the cell’s nucleus the final step before two daughter cells are produced.
A: mitosis

True or False: Tight junctions are the closely associated areas of cells.
Answer: false

The smallest cell currently known has a diameter of only 400 nm.
A: prokaryotic cells

True or False: Mitosis begins immediately at the conclusion of interphase, specifically at the end of
the G2 phase.
Answer: true

A watery fluid that contains cytoskeletal fragments, dissolved particles and organelles.
A: cytosol

They are structures that carry out specific functions inside the cell.
A: organelles
True or False: Cells come in the same shape
Answer: false

They are usually single–celled and smaller than eukaryotic cells.

A: Prokaryotic cells

True or False: Biologists in the early part of the 19th century suggested that all living things were
made of cells.
Answer: true

True or False: A mitochondrion, is a membrane–enclosed organelle that is found in most prokaryotic.

Answer: FALSE

Sperm cells are the only human cell with

A: flagella

True or False: A desmosome is a cell junction specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.

A: true

True or False: Rudolf Virchow observed that cells cannot divide to produce more cells.
A: false

One of Schwann's original conclusions stated that cells formed in a similar way to crystals.
A: cell theory

They are also called the plasma membrane which is the physical boundary between the intracellular
space which is the physical boundary between the intracellular space ( the inside of the cell) and the
extracellular environment.
A: cell membrane

True or False: The spindle starts to form during prophase of mitosis.

Answer: true

True or False: Prophase is the first and longest phase of mitosis.

Answer: true

They are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium, and in muscle tissue where they find
muscle cells to one another.
A: desmosome

It forms the “strings” which support celery stalks

A: collenchyma

True or False: During mitotic phase (M) is when the nucleus and then the cytoplasm divide.
A: true
The organelles on which proteins are made during protein synthesis
A: ribosomes

One gap junction channel is composed of how many connexions.

A: two

True or False: The nucleus of many cells also contains an organelle called a nucleolus.
A: true

A repeating series of events that include growth , DNA synthesis, and cell division.
A: cell cycle

True or False: As a cell grows, its volume increses more quickly than its surface area.
A: true

It strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed elongation.
A: sclerenchymal cells

The Father of microscopy

A: Antony van Leeuwenhoek

True or False: Biologists found cells everywhere

A: true

True or False: Porins form channels that allow small molecules to freely diffuse across the
membrane to the other.
Answer: true

It organizes the inside structure of the cell by holding organelles and providing strength
A: Intermediate filaments

They may form a mass of abnormal cells.

A: CANCER

True or False: The nucleolus is inside the nucleus, and is where ribosomes are made.
Answer: true

During this phase, the cell grows rapidly while performing routine metabolic processes.
A: Growth Phase 1

Such cell types found lining your small intestine, where they absorb nutrients from your food through
protrusions.
A: microvilli

Which of the following statements is not a part of cell theory

A: Not all living things are made of one or more cells
His carefully crafted microscopes and insightful observations f microbes led to the title the" The
Father of Microscopy." Give the complete name.
A: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

He is a British biologist and early microscopes that looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope.
Give the complete name.
A: Robert hooke

It makes and stores plant pigments

A: chromoplast

They are microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-
bound organelles.
A: prokaryotes

An outer gelatinuous layer both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: middle lamella

True or False: A gap junction or nexus is a specialized intercellular connection between a variety of
animal cell types.
Answer: true

The kind of microscopes that use more than one lens have been invented around 1595 by Zacharias
Jansen , a Dutch spectacle maker.
A: Compound Microscope

They are found in most eukaryotic cells and they are absent in some plants and most fungi.
A: centrioles

One component of cells that is common to all cells.

A: cytoplasm

True or False: The cell cycle is not controlled by regulatory proteins at three key checkpoints in the
cycle.
A: false

They are most closely resemble the generalized plant cell, desmosomes.
A: parenchymal cells

True or False: Prokaryotes have 80S ribosomes each consisting of a small (20S) and a large (60s)
subunit.
Answer: false

It is a type of junctional complex present only in vertebrates

A: Tight Junction

True or False: Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is longer regulated.
Answer: true

It normally range between 1-100 um in diameter

A: eukaryotic cells

The process by which the information in a gene is “decodes’ by various cell molecules to produce a
functional gene product, such as a protein molecule or an RNA molecule.
A: gene expression

The Cell’s DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication.

A: Synthesis phase

True or False: In plant cells, the spindle forms with centrioles.

Answer: false

True or False: Changes in the DNA or RNA sequence can have significant phenotypc effects or they
can have no effects.
Answer: true

A new methodologies are developed, testing for more mutations will become more common and less
expensive.
A: Cystic fibrosis

This kind of disorder that can be inherited in a dominant or recessive manner.

A: genetic disorder

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
highly concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A: osmosis

A mutation that is lethal prior to birth or shortly after birth.

A: homozygous

It is the representation of genetic inheritance.

A: pedigree

A kind of genetic disorder that reduced activity of a protein needed for blood clotting.
A: Hemophilia A

The exchange of genetic materials can happen many times within the same pair of homologous
chromosomes, creating unique combination of alleles.
A: Homologous combination

True or False: The mutation can be passed from one generation to the next.
A: true
It separates chromatids, similar to anaphase of mitosis.
A: Anaphase II

True or False: Individuals can be diagnosed prior to birth by genetic testing.

A: true

The stage when the synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes disassociate
slightly from each other.
A: Diplotene stage

Human cells have ________pairs of chromosomes

A: 23

True or False: For autosomal dominant disorders, a person with the disorder has a 50% chance of
passing on the gene to their offspring.
A: true

True or False: Mitosis is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell multiply.
A: false

An outer, gelatinous layer both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: middle lamella

They are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome. Only a few disorders have this
inheritance pattern.
A: X-linked dominant

True or False: It is an autosomal recessive disorder, requiring the inheritance of a defective gene
from each parent.
A: true

A condition caused by abnormalities, such as mutations in your genes or chromosomes.

A: Genetic disorder

The genetic material from two non-sister chromatids actually intertwine around each other and some
material from non-sister chromatid switch chromosomes that is the material breaks off and
reattaches at the same position in the homologous chromosome.
A: chiasma

It has normally has a negative regulatory effect on bone growth.

A: Achondroplasia Gene 3 (FGFR3)

This is an example of a recessive disorder.

A: Tay-Sachs Disease
True or False: Tay-Sachs results from mutations in the HEXA gene located on chromosomes.
A: true

In this stage, chromosome further condense

A: Diakinesis

The most common form of dwarfism in humans, and it is caused by a dominant mutation.
A: Achondroplasia

More than 98% of achondrolasia is caused by this at nucleotide 1138 of the FGFR3 gene, which
causes a glycine to arginine substitution.
A: G to A point mutation

It is an autosomal recessive inheritable disorder caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic
fibrosis , transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
A: Cystic fibrosis

Anyone can be a carrier of the Tay-Sachs mutation, but the disease is most common among the:
A: Ashkenazi Jewish population

Each chromosome contains two sister chromatids and each chromosomes has a ____________
present in the nucleus.
A: crossing-over

It is an autosomal dominant disorder.

A: Achondroplasia

The stage occurs as the chromosomes pair with their homologue forming homologous chromosome
pairs
A: Zygotene

True or False: Homozygous achondroplasia is usually a lethal condition.

A: true

occurs when the plasma membrane folds inward to form a channel allowing dissolved substances to
enter the cell.
A: Pinocytosis

True or False: One in 22 people of European descent are carriers of a mutated CFTR gene.
A: true

True or False: The phragmosome suspends the cell nucleus in the center of the cell in preparation
for prophase.
A: true

An affected person usually has unaffected parents who each carry a single copy of the mutated
gene.
A: Autosomal recessive

Collagen genes result in bone disorders, specifically the spectrum of osteogenesis imperfect, or
brittle bone diseases
A: Type I collagen genes

True or False: During interphase the cell grows, performs routine life process, and prepare to divide.
A: true

During this phase, the cell makes final preparations to divide.

A: Growth phase 2 (G2)

It begins after DNA replicates during interphase of the cell cycle.

A: Meiosis

True or False: Proteins are made on ribosomes.

A: true (false)

One of the main principles of biology.

A: Cell Theory

A specialized inter-cellular connection between a variety of animal cell-types.

A: Gap junction

True or False: The variety of cell shapes seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflects the functions
that each cell has confirming the structure-functional relationship seen throughout seen throughout
biology.
A: true

True or False: All cells come from the other cells.

A: true

The field of Biology that studies cells.

A: Cell biology

They are made of two thin actin chains that are twisted around one another.
A: microfilaments

True or False: Research in cell Biology is closely linked to molecular biology, as well as genetics,
biochemistry and developmental biology.
A: true

It includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

A: Mitotic Phase

True or False: When a ribosome finishes reading an mRNA molecule, the two ribosomal subunits
associate.
A: false

During the centromeres of the chromosomes line up along metaphase plate or equatorial plane, in
essence the approximate middle of the cell.
A: Metaphase

In 1858, the German doctor that observed that cells divide to produce more cells. He proposed that
all cells arise only from other cells.
A: Rudolf Virchow

True or False: The eukaryotic cells spends most of its “life” in interphase of the cell cycle.
A: True

True or False: ATP is produced by the enzyme, ATP synthase, which is a membrane protein of the
mitochondria inner membrane.
A: true

The relationship is evident (protein structure determines its function) , (nucleic acids structure results
in a genetic code) , anatomy (longer necked giraffes are more functional than short neck giraffes) ,
as well as cells.
A: structure-function relationship

True or False: A large central vacuole may occupy for 40 to 90% of a plant cell volume.
A: false

It is the phase in which the sister chromatid separate.

A: anaphase

True or False: Single celled (unicellular) organisms like bacteria can be composed of trillions of cells.
A: false

Eukaryotic DNA organized in one or more linear molecules called

A: chromosomes

They are rod-like structures made of short microtubules.

A: Centrioles

True or False: The cell cycle is a repeating series of events that cells go through.
A: true

True or False: The Cell cycle in prokaryotes is more complicated than cell cycle in eukaryotes.
A: false

True or False: Centrosomes a are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the
mitosis
A: true
The watery substance that does not contain organelles, is made of 80% to 90% water.
A: cytosol

True or False: Mitosis is a single stage process.

A: false

It has a long, thin cellular extension, allowing for very quick and accurate communication and
responses.
A: Neurons

True or False: Ribosomes can be found alone or in groups within the cytoplasm.
A: true

The two German scientists who suggested that cells were the basic unit of structure and function of
all living things.
A: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden

It is located outside the cell membrane and shapes, supports, and protects the cell.
A: cell wall

True or False: Cancer cells grow rapidly and may form a mass of abnormal cells.
A: true

True or False: Centrosomes a are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the
mitosis.
A: true

It is the final step in cell division

A: cytokinesis

It is due to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)

A: Phenylketonuria

A tail that is water fearing

A: hydrophobic

True or False: The water-fearing, hydrophobic tails face each other in the middle of the cell
membrane, because water is not found in this space.
A: true

True or False: Over 80% of unrelated individuals with with Achondropasin have the same mutation
making it one of the most common mutations in the human genome.
A: false

True or False: Gated ion channels can open or close in response to different types of stimuli such as
electrical or chemical signals.
A: true

True or False: Cystic fibrosis (CF) can result from more than a thousand different mutations in the
human genome.
A: true

If it is diagnosed early enough, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development.
A: PKU

True or False: A hypertonic solution is one having a lower concentration of a substance on the
outside of a cell that is found within the cells themselves.
A: false

True or False: The hypertonic solution has a lower water concentration than the hypotonic solution.
A: true

True or False: Molecules in the cell membrane does not allow it to be semi-permeable.
A: false

is a type of vacuole that removes excess water from a cell.

A: contractile vacuole

It allows only certain materials to pass through. Characteristic of the cell membrane.
A: semipermeable

True or False: Ion channels are very specific as they allow only certain ions through the cell
membrane.
A: true

is the energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes uphill against a
gradient.
A: Active transport

It is the to an area of lower concentration.

A: false (true)

It is the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions such body temperature
regardless of outside conditions.
A: homeostasis

True or False: A uniport can be either a channel protein or a carrier of a protein.

A: true (false)

The plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall as it shrivels.
A: plasmolysis
True or False: Cells are found in all different types of environments, and these environments are
constantly changing.
A: true

The general term for all of the material inside the cell excluding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
A: cytoplasm

is a cell junction specialized for cell-to- cell adhesion

A: desmosome

it is a cell junction specialized for cell-to- cell adhesion

A: desmosome

is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell
membrane.
A: Endocytosis

True or False: The hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer allow ions or polar molecules
through because they are hydrophilic or water loving.
A: false

True or False: Osmosis cannot be seen very effectively when potato slices are added to a high
concentration of salt solution.
A: false

is to transport of two substrates in the same direction across the membrane.

A: Symport

True or False: The cell cycle is controlled mainly by regulatory proteins.

A: true

Lipid barrier that surrounds the cell; also known as the plasma membrane.
A: cell membrane

The protein that assists molecules entering or leaving the cells.

A: transport protein

True or False: There is no water found on both the inside and the outside of cells.
A: false

describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to
the outside of the cell.
A: Exocytosis

They are caused by mutation on the Y chromosome

A: Y-linked disorders
True or False: Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium rather than an unchanging state.
A: true

True or False: The inside of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic so certain molecules can easily
pass through the membrane.
A: false

True or False: If a cell has a cell wall, wall helps maintain the cell’s water balance.
A: true

A “cellular eating” occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell.
A: Phagocytosis

True or False: Fish cells like all cells have semi-permeable membranes.
A: true

It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the amino
acid pheylalanine.
A: Phenylketonuria

True or False: An increased surfaced area to volume ratio means decreased exposure to the
environment.
A: false

True or False: Sclerenchymal cells strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed
elongation.
A: true

True or False: Cells are essentially carbohydrates lipids, proteins and nuclei acids in a water
environment.
A: true

During this stage, the nucleus membrane disintegrates and microtubule spindles invade the center
of the cell.
A: prometaphase

True or False: The greater the surface area to volume ratio of a cell the easier it is for the cell to get
rid of wastes and take it essential materials such as oxygen and nutrients.
A: true

True or False: The Cell Theory has withstood intense examination of cells by modern powerful
microscope and other instruments.
A: true

True or False: Tubulin are protein that forms microtubules.

A: true

They are hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells or surfaces
A: pili

serves as a “jelly” in which organelles are suspended and held together by the cell membrane.
A: Cytoplasm

The action potential signalling contraction is passed efficiently and effortlessly.

A: gap junction

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A: Osmosis

True or False: Cells as the primary building block of life.

A: true

True or False: Cells share the same needs.

A: true

True or False: Big cells, such as white blood cells, often grow more nuclei so that they can supply
enough proteins and RNA.
A: true

True or False: All metabolic functions carried out by a prokaryotic take place in the plasma
membrane or the cytosol.
A: true

True or False: Single-celled organisms like bacteria are obviously composed of three cells.
A: false

In this stage, chromosomes further condense.

A: diakinesis stage

True or False: The smaller subunit binds to thee transfer RNA (tRNA) while the larger subunits find
to the mRNA pattern.
A: false

This is the process of capturing a substance of particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the
cell membrane.
A: endocytosis

The mixture of a solute in a solvent.

A: Solution

True or False: A bigger cell is more effective and transporting materials, including waste products,
than a smaller cell.
A: false

It concerns the understanding of the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the
relationship between DNA, RNA and proteins.
A: Molecular biology

TEXT:

It is a kind of disorders that can be inherited in a dominant or recessive manner.

A: Achondroplasia (WRONG)

True or False: As a cell grows, its volume decreases more quickly that its surface area.
A: false

A sheet of cytoplasm that bisects the middle of the cell.

A: PHRAGMASOME

The division of the cell's nucleus wherein the final step before two daughter cells are produced.
A: MITOSIS

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes

A: SYNAPSIS

It is the final step in cell division.

A: CYTOKINESIS
It actually includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.
A: MITOTIC PHASE

An outer gelatinous layer that both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: MIDDLE LAMELLA

The exchange of genetic materials between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A: CROSSING OVER

It is a cell junction specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.

A: DESMOSOME

It is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm.

A: CYTOSKELETON

It is essentially the opposite of prophase and prometaphase.

A: TELOPHASE

It concerns the understanding of the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the
relationship between DNA, RNA and proteins.
A: Molecular biology

Its bases are like the letters of a four-letter alphabet: These "letters" can be combined to form
"words". Groups of three bases form words. They carry genetic information in living organisms.
A: Genetic code

During a chemical reaction, the reactants are used up to create the products.
A: true

They are molecules which have many different functions in living things, and are made of amino
acids.
A: Proteins

Water is one of the most common ingredients in solutions.

A: true
Nucleic acids contain the information needed for cells to make proteins.
A: true

When water (H2O) breaks down into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
A: decomposition reaction

These are the main chemical components of living organisms

A: organic compounds

A type of simple sugar which results from bonding two single sugars together. Also commonly called
two sugars.
A: disaccharide

Described as the "energy currency of the cell" or the "molecular unit of currency."
A: ATP

Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.

A: True

DNA and RNA have one function relating to the genetic code and proteins.
A: False

The sterol __________ is an important part of cell membranes and plays other vital roles in the
body.
A: Cholesterol

Small building block molecule

A: Monomer

Proteins has no ability to bond with other molecules.

A: false

Proteins are similar to one another in the number and order of amino acids.
A: false

They have a "kink" or bend in their chain.

A: Unsaturated fats

Enzymes can catalyse up to several million reactions per second.

A: true

Nucleic acids are found not only in all living cells but also in viruses.
A: true

Protein, fats and carbohydrates are three of the main building blocks that make up your body.
A: true
They are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
A: Nucleic acids

Two monosaccharides will bond together through a dehydration reaction in which a water molecule
is lost.
A: true

Glycogen is used for long term energy storage in animal cells.

A: true

________ is a strongly polar solvent and polar solvents are better at dissolving polar solutes.
A: water

Fats are liquid at room temperature, whereas oils are fluid.

A: false

Proteins can differ in both the number and order of amino acids.
A: true

Antibodies are known as "biological catalysts".

A: false

Phospolipids serve as the main component of the protective outer membrane of all cells.
A: true

Although some lipids in the diet are essential excess dietary lipids can be harmful.
A: true

are pairs of bases that bond together.

A: complementary bases

Many organic compounds and other important biochemical are polar, so they dissolve well in water.
A: true

The name given to the collection of the lump sum of chemical reactions performed by an organism to
survive
A: metabolism

These are proteins that protect you against disease.

A: Antibodies

The largest proteins have more than 20,000 amino acids.

A: false

The unique blueprints to make the proteins that give you your traits.
A: DNA

It refers to a substance that speeds up chemical reactions.

A: catalyst

When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by
ribonuleotide reductase.
A: True

Life could exist without enzymes.

A: false

It's important for you and other animals to eat food with protein because we cannot make certain
amino acids on your own.
A: true

The binding of complementary bases allows DNA molecules to take this well-known shape.
A: double helix

It is a single simple 6-carbon ring with the chemical formula C6H12O6.

A: glucose

A human stores glycogen in liver cells.

A: true

Animals use this for long term energy storage and to keep warm
A: fats

Protein that identifies pathogens by other substances as being harmful.

A: antibody

There are only 10 common amino acids needed to build proteins.

A: false

Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose but the atoms are arranged differently.
A: true

Enzymes are type of protein that speed up chemical reactions.

A: true

DNA consists of three chains of nucleotides.

A: false

All cells are soluble in or does not mix with water.

A: false
Starches are one of the more common polysaccharides.
A: true

Reduction is the decrease of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.
A: false

In Saturated fats, some carbon are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
A: false

Complex carbohydrate form when simple sugars bind together into a chain.
A: true

Strongly polar solvents like water can dissolve strongly nonpolar pollutes likes oil.
A: false

Enzymes bind both reactant molecules called the substrate tightly and specifically at the ________
on the enzyme molecule.
A: active site

Most anabolic reactions are endergonic.

A: true

The substances that form as a result of a chemical reaction.

A: products

It is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten) of monosaccharides

A: oligosaccharides

DNA and RNA contain genetic instructions for protein, help synthesize proteins, and pass genetic
introductions on to daughter cells and offspring.
A: True

It sometimes referred to as animal starch.

A: glycogen

Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (colors) of light

A: pigment molecules

The proteins which speed up chemical reactions.

A: enzyme

Which of the following consists of cells which contain organelles called chloroplasts (small green
ovals)
A: Elodea

Group of molecules, including chloropyll in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast, captures light
energy.
A: photosystem

The green pigment present in most plants which absorbs solar energy and helps convert that energy
into chemical energy.
A: chlorophyll

Space outside the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast site of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
A: stroma

When fossil fuels are burned, the chemical energy changes to thermal energy.
A: true

Sub-organelle within the chloroplast which organize patterns of proteins and other molecules which
conduct photosynthesis.
A: Thylakoid

The organelle of photosynthesis; its helps maximize photosynthesis.

A: chloroplast

Heterothroph can make their own food so they must eat or absorb it.
A: false

Chemical energy in our cells

A: ATP

It is the energy which can be found in moving objects.

A: kinetic energy
It refers to energy that is stored in objects, typically because of their position or shape.
A: Potential energy

Refers to organelles which conduct photosynthesis, and closely resemble cyanobacteria.

A: chloroplasts

Eukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria, evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that
invaded other prokaryotic cells.
A: Theory of Endosymbiosis

_______ play an important role in neutralizing acids throughout the body.

A: Bicarbonate ions

Energy transformation obeys the law of conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be
created or destroyed.
A: true

Series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule
and capture their energy.
A: electron transport chain

It can not be created or destroyed only transformed.

A: Energy

Property of matter that is defined as the ability to do work.

A: Energy

When energy changes during Energy Transformation the energy is used up.
A: false

NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are used during
cellular respiration.
A: false

Stacks of sac-like thylakoid membranes, found in chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria.

A: grana

NADP+ accepts an electron at the end of the light reactions electron transport chain of
photosynthesis.
A: true

Mechanical energy commonly changes between kinetic and potential energy.

A: true

A pigment within plant cells which absorbs light.

A: Chlorophyll
Molecules that accept and temporarily hold high-energy electrons.
A: electron carrier

Kinetic energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object giving it potential energy.
A: true

Refers to the substance involved in a chemical reaction that is present at the beginning of the
reaction.
A: reactant

Refers to molecules which accept and temporarily hold high-energy electrons.

A: Electron carrier

When this occurs, the light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the membrane of chloroplasts in the plant
cell.
A: Light dependent reactions

Sunlight contains many different wavelengths which are visible when they separate into a rainbow.
A: true

An organism in a symbiotic relationship

A: Symbiont

Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoids, forming an electrochemical gradient whose energy
builds ATP molecules.
A: true

Organism that produces organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules; also
known as a producer.
A: Autotrophs

correlates with energy use, which reflects the link between oxygen and energy metabolism.
A: Respiration rate

Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen; produces 36-38 ATP molecules glucose.
A: Aerobic respiration

It can power other metabolic pathways, or in many organisms, provide energy for further ATP
synthesis.
A: hot hydrogen

During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis only water were used to produce oxygen gas.
A: false

The second stage of photosynthesis; results in the formation of a sugar.

A: calvin cycle
The oldest and most widespread pathway for making ATP
A: Glycolysis

Photosynthesis cells arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
A: Bundle-sheath cells

First stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the sun is captured and transformed into
chemical energy also known as the light reaction.
A: light-dependent reaction

Light does not provides energy to split water molecules into electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen
gas.
A: false
Short term energy carrier; temporarily stores energy during cellular respiration.
A: NADH

A photosynthetic adaptation to arid conditions in some plants; allows stomata to be closed during the
day.
A: CAM photosynthesis

Energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic process; energy currency of the
cells. (Note: acronym is also accepted)
A: ATP

The splitting of a water molecule to replace electrons used during the light reactions; splitting by
light.
A: photolysis

Exchange of gases between the body and the outside air.

A: respiration

The enzyme that combines one molecule of CO2 with a 5 carbon sugar; called ribulose biphosphate
(RUB P; the most abundant enzyme on earth).
A: RuBiSCO

Bacteria which make yogurt.

A: Lactobacillus acidophilus

The process of "splitting glucose".

A: glycolysis

The process which converts carbon dioxide in the air to organic molecules as in photosynthesis.
A: Carbon fixation

It is essential to have efficient cellular respiration; most organisms need oxygen for a single purpose
to release energy from food for use by cells.
A: Oxygen

Every seconds, the sun fuses over 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 tons of helium, converting
over 4 tons of helium into light and heat energy.
A: true

The movement of carbon and oxygen between the ground, atmosphere, oceans and living
organisms
A: carbon-oxygen cycle

The 3-carbon product of glycolysis is called

A: Pyruvate
Ion channel and enzyme complex; chemically bonds a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP as
H+ ions flow through the ion channel.
A: ATP synthase

Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis and a universal food for life.
A: true

Kinetic Energy is the process in which energy changes from one type or form to another.
A: false

The process in which one kind of energy changes into another kind
A: Energy conversion

It provides up to 85% of the energy needs of new "flex-fuel" cars

A: Ethanol

It completes the breakdown of glucose which began with glycolysis.

A: Krebs Cycle

It is formed by the reduction of pyruvate.

A: Lactic acid

The Matrix of the Mitochondria is the site of Krebs Cycle reactions.

A: true

The type of anaerobic respiration carried out by yogurt bacteria such as Lactobacillus.
A: Lactic acid fermentation

The aerobic phases of cellular respiration in eukaryotes occur within these organelles.
A: Mitochondria

Behind each release of gas is an army gut bacteria undergoing some crazy biochemistry.
A: true

According to this theory, engulfing of some certain aerobic bacteria led to eukaryotic cells with
mitochondria.
A: Theory of Endosymbiosis

It actually prefers fermentation over aerobic respiration

A: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

It is a type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid
to ethanol and carbon dioxide and the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH.
A: Alcoholic fermentation
Hydrogen ions flows "down" the gradient from outer to inner compartment through the ion
channel/enzyme ATP synthase
A: true

Fill in the blank: _________ is an energy carrier molecule produced during the Krebs Cycle of
Aerobic Cellular respiration.
A: FADH2

Carbon is the final electron; no part of the process - from the Kreb Cycle.
A: false

Refers to the substance involved in a chemical reaction that is present at the beginning of the
reaction.
A: reactant

When bread bakes, yeast releases carbon dioxide gas.

A: true

It allows glycolysis to continue making ATP.

A: NAD+

It is importantuse to lactic acid fermentation to allow the continuous production of some ATP your
muscle cells.
A: true

The oxygen gradually formed a protective ozone layer, which helped many living organisms on
Earth.
A: true

Aerobic respiration begins with the entry of the product of glycolysis, pyruvate into the mitochondria.
A: true

Although humans are obligate aerobes, our muscles cells have not given up on ancient pathways
which allow them to keep producing ATP quickly when oxygen runs low.
A: true

The Krebs Cycle takes place within the Matrix.

A: true

The third stage of cellular respiration uses the energy stored during the earlier stages in NADH and
FADH2to make ATP.
A: true

The process for making ATP in the absence of oxygen converts glucose to ethanol and carbon
dioxide.
A: ethanol fermentation
For Lactobacillus bacteria, the acid resulting from fermentation kills bacterial competitors in
buttermilk, yogurt, and some cottage cheese.
A: true

Lactic Acid fermentation makes ATP in the absence of oxygen by converting glucose to lactic acid.
A: true

Eukaryotic single-celled microorganism classified in the kingdom Fungi.

A: yeast

Fill in the blank: In the ________ , citric acid is carried through a series of chemical reactions which
gradually release energy and capture it in several carrier molecules.
A: Citric Acid Cycle and Krebs Cycle

The process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone.
A: Fermentation

We employ this to use their anaerobic talents to help bread use and grapes ferment.
A: Yeast

Muscle cells cannot continue to produce ATP when oxygen runs low using lactic acid fermentation.
A: false

The primary task of the initial state of cellular respiration.

A: false

A: leptotene

The _____________________ of chromosomes, as suggested by Mendel, are based on the fact

that some chromosomes inherited from the father are facing one side of the cell, while some are
facing the other side.
A: independent assortment

stage occurs when the synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes
disassociate slightly from each other.
- Diplotene
True or False: During mitotic phase (M) is when the nucleus and then the cytoplasm divide.
- true

During this stage, the nucleus membrane disintegrates and microtubule spindles invade the center
of the cell.
- prometaphase

Collagen genes that result in bone disorders, specifically the spectrum of osteogenesis, imperfect or
brittle bone disease.
- Type I collagen genes

True or False: Sclerenchymal cells strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed
elongation.
- true

True or False: Tubulin are protein that forms microtubules.

- true

Ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions such body temperature, regardless of
outside conditions.
- homeostasis

serves as a “jelly” in which organelles are suspended and held together by the cell membrane.
- Cytoplasm

True or False: As a cell grows, its volume decreases more quickly that its surface area.
- false

A representation of genetic inheritance.

- pedigree

A “cellular eating” occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell.
- Phagocytosis

It is a type of vacuole that removes excess water from a cell.

- contractile vacuole

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- Osmosis

It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the amino
acid pheylalanine.

- Phenylketonuria

True or False: Cells are essentially carbohydrates lipids, proteins and nuclei acids in a water
environment.
- true

True or False: All cells come from the other cells.

- true

During this phase, the cell makes final preparations to divide.

- Growth phase 2

The action potential signalling contraction is passed efficiently and effortlessly

- gap junction

This is the process of capturing a substance of particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the
cell membrane.
- endocytosis

Anyone can be a carrier of the Tay-Sachs mutation, but the disease is most common among this
people.
- Ashkenazi Jewish population

is to transport of two substrates in the same direction across the membrane.

- Symport

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from in area a higher
concentration to an of lower concentration.
- osmosis

True or False: Single-celled organisms like bacteria are obviously composed of three cells.
- false

True or False: A bigger cell is more effective and transporting materials, including waste products,
than a smaller cell.
- false

It describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to
the outside cell.
- Exocytosis

human cells have

- 23

True or False: An increased surfaced area to volume ratio means decreased exposure to the
environment.
- false

The stage occurs as the chromosomes pair with their homologue forming homologous
chromosomes pairs.
- Zygotene

True or False: Big cells, such as white blood cells, often grow more nuclei so that they can supply
enough proteins and RNA.
- true
 True or False: Cells share the same needs.
- true

True or False: The smaller subunit binds to thee transfer RNA (tRNA) while the larger subunits find
to the mRNA pattern.
- false

True or False: The greater the surface area to volume ratio of a cell the easier it is for the cell to get
rid of wastes and take it essential materials such as oxygen and nutrients.
- true

True or False: The Cell Theory has withstood intense examination of cells by modern powerful
microscope and other instruments.
- true

The most common form of dwarfism in humans, and it is caused by a dominant mutation.
- Achondroplasia

True or False: Cells as the primary building block of life.

- true

True or False: All metabolic functions carried out by a prokaryotic take place in the plasma
membrane or the cytosol.
- true

The mixture of a solute in a solvent.

- Solution

In this stage, chromosomes further condense.

- diakinesis

protein assists molecules entering or leaving the cell.

- transport

It is a kind of disorders that can be inherited in a dominant or recessive manner.

- hemophilia A

It begins after DNA replicates during interphase of the cell cycle.

- Meiosis

TEXT:

A sheet of cytoplasm that bisects the middle of the cell.

A: PHRAGMASOME

The division of the cell's nucleus wherein the final step before two daughter cells are produced.
A: MITOSIS

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes

A: SYNAPSIS

It is the final step in cell division.

A: CYTOKINESIS

It actually includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

A: MITOTIC PHASE

An outer gelatinous layer that both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: MIDDLE LAMELLA

The exchange of genetic materials between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A: CROSSING OVER

It is a cell junction specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.

A: DESMOSOME

It is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm.

A: CYTOSKELETON

It is essentially the opposite of prophase and prometaphase.

A: TELOPHASE