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Introduction to R programming language

Tutorial: Hydrological Modelllig & R

Claudia Vitolo1
1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Imperial College London

Civil Lunches, 11.10.2012

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Outline

1 Scope
What do you want to do?
What do you need?

2 Procedure
Data
Model
Results

3 Useful Tips

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 Scope
What do you want to do?
Procedure
What do you need?
Useful Tips

Outline

1 Scope
What do you want to do?
What do you need?

2 Procedure
Data
Model
Results

3 Useful Tips

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 Scope
What do you want to do?
Procedure
What do you need?
Useful Tips

Scope

Import available data for a given catchment

Use TOPMODEL to simulate streamflow discharge
Visualize results

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 Scope
What do you want to do?
Procedure
What do you need?
Useful Tips

Scope

Import available data for a given catchment

Use TOPMODEL to simulate streamflow discharge
Visualize results

C.Vitolo R intro
 Scope
What do you want to do?
Procedure
What do you need?
Useful Tips

Scope

Import available data for a given catchment

Use TOPMODEL to simulate streamflow discharge
Visualize results

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 Scope
What do you want to do?
Procedure
What do you need?
Useful Tips

Outline

1 Scope
What do you want to do?
What do you need?

2 Procedure
Data
Model
Results

3 Useful Tips

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What do you need?

1 topografic index classes

2 delay function
3 precipitation time series
4 evapotranspiration time series
5 parameter set

How to produce the above information is beyond the scope of this

tutorial.

Let’s assume 1-4 are tables saved in text files, while parameters (5)
will be entered manually.

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3 Useful Tips

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Your data

Let’s say you have a text file (timeseries.csv) containing your time
series. . .

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Load data in R

R console
DATA <- read.csv("~/timeseries.csv",
header=TRUE,
sep=",")

Use the same command to read the tables containing delay function
and topographic index classes.

R console
parameters <- c("qs0"=,"lnTe"=,"m"=,"Sr0"=,"SrMax"=,
"td"=,"vch"=1000,"vr"=,"k0"=,"CD"=,"dt"=0.25)

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Plot data

R console
plot(DATA$rain,type="l",col="grey")

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3 Useful Tips

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Models are functions.

Thousands of functions have been developed for R but only the
most commonly used are built-in. The others are collected in
’packages’.
There are many packages tailored for hydrological analysis, one
of them is TOPMODEL which is an implementation of the model
developed by Beven and Kirkby (1979).

R console
install.packages("topmodel")
library(topmodel)
Qsim <- topmodel(parameters, topidx, delay,
DATA$rain, DATA$ET0)

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2 Procedure
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3 Useful Tips

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Compare simulation and observation

R console
plot(DATA$Qobs,type="l",main="Comparison",
xlab="Time",ylab="Discharge")
lines(Qsim, col="red")
legend("topright", legend=c("Observed","Simulated"),
lty=c(1,1), col=c("black","red"))

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Export results to text file

R console
write.csv(Qsim,
file="~/Qsim.csv",
row.names = FALSE)

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Vectorization:
If your object ’parameters’ is a matrix rather than a vector, R will
run topmodel function as many times as the rows in the matrix.
Classes & Methods:
If Qobs is passed to the function, then NashSutcliffe efficiency is
automatically calculated.

R console
Qsim_mat <- topmodel(parameters, topidx,
delay, rain ,ET0)
NS <- topmodel(parameters, topidx,
delay, rain ,ET0, Qobs = Qobs)

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 Appendix For Further Reading

For Further Reading I

Crawley, Michael J.
The R Book.
Wiley Publishing, 2007.

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