An Overview of Transport Canada's Connected

Vehicle and Automated Vehicle Activities

International Conference on Transportation Innovation - University of Alberta
September 16, 2016

Ken Moshi
Senior Analyst, ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles Program, Transport Canada

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RDIMS #12247416
Presentation Outline
• Transport Canada’s (TC) Role
• Trends in Transportation
• Connected Vehicle (CV) / Automated Vehicle (AV)
– Concepts and Definitions
– Initiatives, Projects, Contributions
• Federal Consultations
– Long-term Agenda for Transportation
– Climate Change
– Cybersecurity

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Transport Canada’s Role
TC’s mission: “To serve the public interest through the promotion of a safe
and secure, efficient and environmentally responsible transportation system
in Canada.”

•TC has sole federal responsibility for vehicle safety standards.

•TC coordinates with other departments, and orders of government, to play a

key role in bridging discussions and collaborations across stakeholders, such
as:
– Innovation, Science, and Economic Development Canada on spectrum
regulations, and innovation
– Public Safety on cybersecurity
– Natural Resources Canada on energy efficiency
– Environment and Climate Change Canada on GHG Emission Regulations
– Provincial/Territorial bodies on regional and national deployment guidelines
– Industry on technology development, commercialization, & deployment
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Trends Shaping Canada’s Future
Transportation System
• Evolving economic conditions, trade and transportation
Patterns
• Societal changes – demographics, social license
• Risks
– Nature and quantity of goods being transported
– Security / cybersecurity
• Environmental
– Trend towards low carbon
– Improving transportation efficiency
• Technologies
– Alternative fuel / powertrains
– Automated and connected vehicles
Source: Transport Canada. Transportation in Canada, 2015.
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Connected Vehicles (CV)
CVs use connectivity (via wireless communications), positioning (via GPS and
digital maps) and data processing to enable vehicles, smart roadway
infrastructure and personal mobile devices to exchange information with each
other, and to provide road users with safety and mobility advisories, warnings
and alerts.
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) connectivity allows vehicles to share
their location, heading, speed and other information, in real-
time, with other vehicles using a Basic Safety Message (BSM)
enabling the potential to reduce crashes, fatalities and injuries.

• Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) connectivity allows SRI (e.g.,

smart traffic signals, smart roadway signage, smart rail grade
crossings) to exchange information, in real-time, with vehicles
and mobile devices using a Basic Information Message (BIM),
enabling additional safety and mobility benefits.

• Smart Roadway Infrastructure (SRI): Enables vehicles to

communicate with traffic lights, border crossings, grade crossings.
SRI also fosters and supports CV/AV interoperability, privacy and
security 5
Automated Vehicles (AV)
AVs use in-vehicle technologies e.g., cameras, sensors, positioning, intelligent
controllers and, in some cases, connectivity to enable vehicles to navigate while
taking over some driving functions such as braking, steering and acceleration.
There are levels of automation:

–Partial Automation, often called “driver-assist systems” already available in Canada.

 Some features (e.g., electronic stability control) are currently regulated in Canada. Other
features (e.g., adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist) are optional and typically only
available in high-end cars and in some commercial vehicles.
 Industry trend is evolutionary (rather than revolutionary) toward increasingly sophisticated
levels of automation.

–Full Automation, often called “autonomous” or “self-driving cars” is only currently

available on experimental and certain low speed vehicles, or in specific industries.
 Industry goal is a vehicle capable of driving “door-to-door” without any human intervention,
and in all driving scenarios and road/weather conditions.
 Most experts agree that fully automated on-road vehicles are over a decade away.

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 Defined Levels of Automation (SAE J3016)

Levels of Automation

Level 0 Driver-only hands and feet ON

Level 1 Assisted hands or feet OFF

Level 2 Partial hands and feet OFF; eyes ON

Level 3 Conditional hands, feet, eyes OFF; brain ON

hands, feet, eyes, brain OFF

Level 4 High
– constrained environments

hands, feet, eyes, brain OFF

Level 5 Full
– unconstrained

Source: Bishop Consulting / Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

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Convergence of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Convergence of CV and AV technologies (by adding connectivity to
AVs), extends the situational awareness of AVs beyond the limited
range, line-of-sight and reliability of in-vehicle sensors to provide
added reassurance in situations where an AV-only system might
become unreliable or fail.

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Key CV/AV Benefits
– Environment: Transportation accounts for 23 percent of Canada’s total
greenhouse gas emissions. CV/AVs have the potential to reduce the
environmental impacts of transportation by improving traffic flows and the
movement of goods and services.

– Safety: Every year there are over 100,000 reported motor vehicle collisions
Connected vehicle safety warning
(US DOT).
– resulting in some 150,000 injuries and fatalities in Canada. Connected
and automated vehicles could improve road safety by eliminating or
reducing the severity of these collisions.

– Accessibility & Mobility: Automated vehicles will improve the accessibility

Automated platooning to reduce fuel
consumption and emissions.
and mobility of Canadians that do not drive a vehicle – either by choice, or
because of an economic, physical or cognitive restriction. In particular,
improving access to transportation will enhance the ‘quality of life’ for the
11 percent of Canadians that have a disability.

– Efficiency: Traffic congestion costs the Canadian economy more than 5

billion dollars annually. Automated driving will help to increase the
competitiveness of Canadian industry by reducing transportation costs,
decreasing congestion, addressing driver shortages and improving road
safety.

– Innovation: CV/AVs are creating new opportunities in the automotive and

Smart infrastructure to manage ICT sectors.
congestion and improve traffic flows.
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Key CV/AV Challenges
• Business case and value proposition for both the private and public
sectors – safety, environmental, economic…
• Diverse operating environments and stakeholder requirements
• Governance, licensing and safety regimes that potentially span
federal, provincial, territorial and municipal jurisdictions
• Interoperability –vehicles, jurisdictions, infrastructure
• Cybersecurity: vehicle, infrastructure, data storage
• Data ownership, privacy, access
• Standards and equipment certification
• Human factors - driver distraction, skill loss
• Continual evolution of new and emerging technology
• Limited Resources!
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 Initiatives
----
Projects
----
Contributions

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Initiatives
• International
– G7 Transport Ministers – CV/AV Working Group
– Regulatory Cooperation Council - CV Work Plan, Motor Vehicle Safety
– American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) – CAV Executive Leadership Team (ELT)
– V2I Deployment Coalition (V2IDC)
– Virginia DOT CV Pooled Fund Study (VDOT PFS)
• Domestic
– Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) CV/AV Working Group
– Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators (CCMTA) AV
Working Group
– Council of (Deputy) Ministers Responsible for Transportation and
Highway Safety (COMT) – Policy and Planning Support Committee
(PPSC) CV/AV Working Group

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G7 Transport Ministers’ Meeting
• The first-ever G7 Transport Ministers’ Meeting was held in
Frankfurt, Germany on September 16-17, 2015, under the
themes of “Automated and Connected Driving, and Infrastructure
Financing”.

• G7 declaration on automated and connected driving - highlights

the following:
• coordinating research, promoting international
standardization within an international regulatory framework;
• evolving the technical regulations; and
• ensuring data protection and cyber-security.

• The next G7 Transport Ministers’ Meeting will be held in Nagano,

Japan in September 2016.
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Canada-US Regulatory Cooperation
Council (RCC) CV Work-Plan
“Transport Canada and the U.S. DOT have committed to coordinating and collaborating
on V2V and V2I communications technology and applications development and
implementation for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, including architecture and standards to
support interoperable deployment. This includes, where appropriate, joint planning and
priority-setting, collaborative research projects, information exchanges to support
analyses as well as architecture and standards development.”

Initiative 1 – CV cybersecurity, CV equipment certification, Security Credential

Management Systems (SCMS)

Initiative 2 – Spectrum Policy Analysis

Initiative 3 – Standards and Architecture

Initiative 4 – Information Dissemination & Sharing in Support of Regulatory Activities

A key objective under the RCC is to help ensure the interoperability of

connected vehicles between Canada and the U.S. moving forward.
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US-led initiatives
• American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) – CAV Executive
Leadership Team (ELT)
• V2I Deployment Coalition (V2IDC)
– http://www.transportationops.org/V2I/V2I-overview

• CV Pooled Fund Study (PFS)

– 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communication Vehicle-Based
Road and Weather Condition Application: Phase II
– Basic Infrastructure Message Development and Standards Support

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Domestic Initiatives
TAC
• White Paper on CVs and AVs
• Workshop and panel session at the September 26-28 Conference
• Update to the Canadian Model Rules of the Road
• Hosting the ITS Architecture for Canada

CCMTA
• Participating on American Association of Motor Vehicle
Administrators (AAMVA) AV working group developing guidelines for
AV testing
• Information sharing
CoMT / PPSC
• Facilitate targeted discussions on opportunities, challenges, and
related policy and regulatory implications around CV/AV 16
Projects

1. Security Credential Management System

(SCMS)
2. Vehicle Cybersecurity
3. Cooperative Truck Platooning

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Security Credential Management System (SCMS):
Addressing V2V / V2I Security & Privacy
Every CV transmits a BSM 10 times/sec with position, speed and heading,
while other CVs in proximity “listen” for, and analyze, each incoming BSM
to assess possible crash threats and issuing driver warnings as needed.
•Each BSM must be trusted (not to be spoofed or altered) for system to work.
•Vehicles receiving a BSM must have confidence that it is:
 Genuine – received from an actual vehicle in proximity
 Accurate – convey accurate kinematic data of vehicle’s movements
•System must be able to blacklist bad actors (i.e., defective equipment or
malicious behavior).
•System must not compromise end user privacy, (i.e., prevent collection of
information that could directly or indirectly identify a person or vehicle or allow
trips to be tracked.
•The solution must be scalable (e.g., up to 400M users), extensible to all
possible devices types and applications, and allow for interoperability.
•The solution must be financially sustainable.
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Security Credential Management System (SCMS)

• Each registered device receives a set of Certificates of

Authenticity from a trusted issuing Certificate Authority:
• Trustworthy Messages: sender digitally signs each BSM with private
key and receiver uses public key to verify whether signature is valid.
• Revocation: credentials can be revoked for misbehaving devices.
• Privacy: uses random identifiers, does not store private information,
frequently changes of each device’s signing certificates.
• USDOT funded system launched to support CV Safety Model
Pilot in Ann Arbor in 2012
– Updated system to support 17 million vehicles under development
• Background report prepared by TrustPoint Innovation
Technologies Ltd. for TC.
• Future work to include needs assessment, user requirements,
and options analysis.
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 Vehicle Cybersecurity

“…more
interactions exist
among system
components, and
the outcome may
be difficult to
anticipate.”
-TRB 2012

Source: Global Automakers of Canada 20

 Vehicle Cybersecurity
• Cybersecurity Test Program (LDV and MDV) to identify principal
cybersecurity threat vectors, vulnerabilities and mitigation
strategies.

Image source: Intel Security / McAfee 21

Cooperative Truck Platooning
• Use of wireless
communication and
automation to create a
convoy or “platoon” of two or
more trucks which follow
closely behind one another to
provide efficiency benefits. Image source: TNO

• Review of Cooperative Truck Platooning Systems (NRC

for TC) - https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-
etv-menu-eng-2994.html

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TC Contributions to CV/ITS Projects
‒ ACTIVE-AURORA – connected vehicle (CV)
test beds at University of Alberta and UBC
($1.3M)
‒ Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) –
Smart Corridor Initiatives ($8.16M)
‒ Regional Municipality of Waterloo – ITS
Projects in the RM of Waterloo ($0.3M)
‒ BC Regional Transportation Management
Centre ($5M)
‒ City of Surrey – Inter-regional Commercial
Corridor Travel Time System (IRCCTTS)
($0.9M)
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Other Activities
• Spectrum sharing
• Motor Vehicle Safety - Testing Program

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U.S. 5.9 GHz DSRC Spectrum Sharing Activities
USDOT Spectrum Sharing Test Plan goals:
 Understand the impacts of unlicensed devices
operating in the DSRC band
 Develop the capability to evaluate proposed band
sharing mechanisms
 Define requirements necessary for sharing
mechanisms to prevent interference
 Collaborate with the NTIA and FCC to provide
Congress with results on impacts to DSRC operations
from proposed sharing mechanisms

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Motor Vehicle Safety – Testing Program
• Support the development of effective guidelines, standards,
regulations and other crash countermeasures.

– Low Speed Vehicles

– Budget 2016 - funding “…increase inspection capacity and
support the development of a regulatory framework for
emerging technologies such as automated vehicles.”

• Monitor vehicle technology and assess the performance

and potential benefits of crash avoidance systems for
Canadians e.g. Automatic Emergency Braking.

• Collaborate with other governments and industry to

advance and share knowledge relevant to motor vehicle
safety.

• Conduct research to identify and address human factors

needs in motor vehicle safety.
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Consultations

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Long-term Agenda for Transportation
Follows tabling of the Canada Transportation Act Review in
February 2016

Roundtable themes:
1. Safer transportation
2. Trade corridors to global markets
3. Green and innovative transportation
4. The traveller
**CONSULTATION CLOSES TODAY**
5. Waterways, coasts and the North

-Online Survey / Facebook / Twitter / E-

mail
TC.Transportationfuture-
Lefuturdestransports.TC@tc.gc.ca
https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/future-transportation-canada-678.html
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A few others…
• Senate Standing Committee on Transport and
Communications:
• Study of the regulatory and technical implications of Connected and
Automated Vehicles. This study will be completed by March 2017.

• Environment and Climate Change Canada: Canada’s

Approach to Climate Change
• How and where to reduce emissions
• Clean technology, innovation and job creation
• How to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate
• Putting a price on carbon

• Public Safety: Cybersecurity

• A review of existing measures to protect Canadians and our critical
infrastructure from cyber-threats

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Conclusion
Std. &
Transpo. Cert.
Academia
Auth.
Human
Factors Spectrum

Road CV/AV
Data Driver / SDO
Users
Ownership Vehicle
/ Privacy Regs.

Public Security /
Tech. Eval. Industry &
Safety Trust
Assoc.

Others stakeholders… 30
Cyber Security Review:
Renewing Canada’s Approach

Consultation Information
Cyber Review

Mandate letter commitment:

“Lead a review of existing measures to protect Canadians and our
critical infrastructure from cyber-threats in collaboration with the
Ministers of National Defence, Infrastructure and Communities,
Public Services and Procurement, Innovation, Science and Economic
Development, and the President of the Treasury Board.”

Cyber Review Objectives

●Review the cyber security landscape, including current
gaps and opportunities; and
●Renew the Government of Canada’s approach to cyber
security.

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Cyber Review:
Key Trends and Challenges

Three trends in cyber security frame the public consultation, with

specific challenges identified and questions posed for each:
Trend 1: Evolution of the cyber threat
- Addressing cybercrime and policing needs in cyberspace
- Protecting against advanced cyber threats
- Increasing public engagement in cyber security issues and practices

Trend 2: Increasing economic significance of cyber security

- Strengthening consumer confidence in e-commerce
- Embracing new cyber-secure technologies
- Protecting critical infrastructure

Trend 3: The expanding frontiers of cyber security

- Building a 21st century knowledge base
- Encouraging growth and innovation in cyber security
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Timeline

Approach
●All Canadians to be conducted through web engagement
- Submissions will be anonymous, unless respondents choose to self-identify
- Respondents will also have the option to submit supplementary issue papers or
position statements by email

●Roundtable discussions with cyber security stakeholders & experts

- Participants will be asked to submit comments via the website

http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cnslttns/cbr-
scrt/index-en.aspx
Timeline
●Consultation planned to run through September
- Website live until October 15, roundtables to be held August to September

●“What We Heard” to be communicated in Fall-Winter 2016

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 Thank You

For more information, Public Safety

please contact: Cyber Review
(closes Oct. 15)
Ken Moshi
Senior Analyst, http://www.publicsafety.
ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles
Program gc.ca/cnt/cnslttns/cbr-
Transport Canada scrt/index-en.aspx
ken.moshi@tc.gc.ca
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