((1 + x)) y

――― dy ＝ ――― dx
((1 + x)) ⋅ y ((1 + x)) ⋅ y

dy dx
―＝ ――
y 1+x
⌠1 ⌠ 1 ⌠1
⎮ ―d y ＝ ⎮ ――d x ⎮ ―d y → ln ((y))
⌡y
⎮ ⌡ 1+x
⎮ ⌡y
⎮

⌠ 1
ln ((y)) ＝ ln ((x + 1)) ⎮ ――d x → ln ((x + 1))
⌡ 1+x
⎮
solve , y
ln ((y)) ＝ ln ((x + 1)) ――― → x+1

y ＝ x + 1 + c1

xy 4 dx + ⎛⎝⎛⎝y 2 + 2⎞⎠ e -3 x⎞⎠ dy ＝ 0

⎛⎝⎛⎝y 2 + 2⎞⎠ e -3 x⎞⎠ dy ＝ -xy 4 dx

⎛⎝⎛⎝y 2 + 2⎞⎠ e -3 x⎞⎠ -xy 4
――――― dy ＝ ―― dx
e -3 x e -3 x

-xy 4
y -4 ⋅ ⎛⎝y 2 + 2⎞⎠ dy ＝ y -4 ―― dx
e -3 x
⎛⎝y 2 + 2⎞⎠ -x
――― dy ＝ ―― dx
y4 e -3 x
2
⌠⎛ 2 y2 + ― ⌠ 2 ⌠ -x ⌠ -x
⎞
⎝y + 2⎠ 3 ⎛⎝y + 2⎞⎠ e 3 ⋅ x ⋅ ((3 ⋅ x - 1))
⎮ ――― d y → -――― ⎮ ――― d y ＝ ⎮ ―― dx ⎮ ―― d x → -―――――
⎮ y4 y ⎮ y4 e 9
⎮ ⌡e
⎮
3 -3 x -3 x
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

2
y2 + ―
3 e 3 ⋅ x ⋅ ((3 ⋅ x - 1))
-――― ＝ -――――― + c1
y3 9

2
y 2 + ―factor
3 3 ⋅ y2 + 2
 2
y 2 + ―factor
3 3 ⋅ y2 + 2
-――― ―― → -―――
y3 3 ⋅ y3

3 ⋅ y2 + 2 e 3 ⋅ x ⋅ ((3 ⋅ x - 1))
-――― ＝ -――――― + c1
3 ⋅ y3 9

dy 1 + 2 y2
―＝ ―――
dx y ⋅ sin ((x))

1 + 2 y2
dy ＝ ――― dx
y ⋅ sin ((x))

1 1 ⎛ 1 + 2 y2 ⎞
――― ⋅ ((y ⋅ dy)) ＝ ―――⋅ ⎜―――dx⎟
1 + 2 y2 1 + 2 y 2 ⎝ sin ((x)) ⎠

⌠ y ⌠ 1 ⌠ y ln ⎛⎝2 ⋅ y 2 + 1⎞⎠
⎮ ―――d y ＝ ⎮ ――― dx ⎮ ―――d y → ――――
1 + 2 y sin (
(x )
) 4
⎮ ⎮ ⌡ 1+2 y
⎮
2 2
⌡ ⌡

ln ⎛⎝2 ⋅ y 2 + 1⎞⎠ ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ ⌠ 1 ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
――――＝ ln ⎜tan ⎜― ⎟⎟ + c1 ⎮ ――― d x → ln ⎜tan ⎜― ⎟⎟
4 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ ⌡ sin ((x))
⎮ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
⎛ ln ⎛⎝2 ⋅ y 2 + 1⎞⎠ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞⎞
4 ⎜――――⎟ ＝ ⎜ln ⎜tan ⎜― ⎟⎟⎟ ⋅ 4 + c1
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠⎠
⎛ 4⎞

⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎛x⎞ ⎟
ln ⎝2 ⋅ y + 1⎠ ＝ ln tan ⎜―
2
⎟ + c1
⎜⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠

⎛ 4⎞
⎛x⎞ ⎟ 4
⎜
ln tan ⎜― ⎟ expand ⎛x⎞
ln ⎛⎝2 ⋅ y 2 + 1⎞⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
e ＝e + c1 ――→ 2 ⋅ y 2 + 1 ＝ tan ⎜―⎟ + c1
⎝2⎠
 ⎡ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⎤
⎢ ⎛x⎞ ⎥
‾‾
2 ⋅ tan ⎜― ⎟ + c1 - 1 ⎥
⎢ ⎝2⎠
solve , y ⎢ ―――――――― ⎥
4
⎛x⎞ 2
2 ⋅ y + 1 ＝ tan ⎜―
2
⎟ + c1 ――― → ⎢ ⎥
⎝2⎠ ⎢ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⎥
⎢ ⎛x⎞ ⎥
‾‾
2 ⋅ tan ⎜― ⎟ + c 1 - 1
⎢ ⎝2⎠ ⎥
⎢ -―――――――― 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦

Homogénea

Para ello, todos los términos deben de ser del mismo grado:

2 x 3 ＝ grado3

5 x 1 ⋅ y 2 ＝ 1 + 2 ＝ grado3

4 y 3 ＝ grado3
3 2 3
2 ⋅ ((t ⋅ x)) - 5 ((tx)) ((t ⋅ y)) + 4 ((t ⋅ y))

t 3 ⎛⎝x 3 - 5 xy 2 + 4 y 3 ⎞⎠
Ecuación grado 3 homogénea

Homogénea

x 2 ＝ grado2
y 2 ＝ grado2

x 1 ⋅ y 1 ＝ 1 + 1 ＝ 2 ＝ grado2
((xt)) 2 - ((yt)) 2
―――――
((xt)) ((yt))

t2 ⎛ x2 - y2 ⎞
― ⎜――― ⎟
t 2 ⎝ xy ⎠

Ecuación homogénea grado 2

 Por simple inspección no es homogénea
⎛ yt ⎞ ((yt)) 2
sin ⎜―⎟ + ――
⎝ xt ⎠ ((xt)) 2

Tenemos en sen(y/x) grado uno y en la segunda expresión grado 2

Por último, la ecuación no es homogénea.

M＝2 x ⋅ y N ＝ ⎛⎝y 2 - 3 x 2 ⎞⎠
d d ⎛ 2
2 x⋅y → 2⋅x ⎝y - 3 x ⎞⎠ → -6 ⋅ x
2
―― ――
dy dx
2 x ≠ -6 x
⎛ ⎞
⎜⌠ -2 x - 6 x ⎟
⎜⎮ ―――― d y⎟
⎜⎮⌡ 2 x⋅y ⎟
1
F ((y)) ＝ e ⎝ ⎠
→ F ((y)) ＝ ―
y4

1 2⋅x 1
⎛⎝y 2 - 3 x 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ― y2 - 3 ⋅ x2
2 x⋅y⋅― → ―― → ――――
y 4
y3 y4 y4

La ecuación queda como:

2⋅x y2 - 3 ⋅ x2
―― dx + ―――― dy ＝ 0
y3 y4 2
2⋅x y - 3 ⋅ x2
M ＝ ―― N ＝ ――――
y3 y4
d 2⋅x 6⋅x d y2 - 3 ⋅ x2 6⋅x
―― ―― → -―― ―― ―――― → -――
dy y y y y4
3 4 4
dx
6⋅x 6⋅x
-―― ＝ -――
y4 y4
 ⌠ 2⋅x x2
⎮ ―― d x → ―
⌡ y
⎮ y3
3

x2
― + f ((y))
y3
d x2 3 ⋅ x2
―― ― → -――
dy y y4
3

3 ⋅ x2
-―― + f ((y)) ' ＝ fy
y4

3 ⋅ x2 y2 - 3 ⋅ x2
-―― ( )
+ f (y) ' ＝ ――――
y4 y4

y2 - 3 ⋅ x2 3 ⋅ x2
( )
f (y) ' ＝ ―――― + ――
y4 y4

y 2 - 3 ⋅ x 2 3 ⋅ x 2 expand 1
f ((y)) ' ＝ ―――― + ―― ――→ ' ⋅ f ((y)) ＝ ―
y4 y4 y2

1
f ((y)) ' ＝ ―
y2
⌠ 1 1
⎮ ― d y → -―
y
⌡y
⎮ 2

Por último, la solución es:

x2 1
― -― ＝ c1
y3 y

x 2 1 simplify x 2 - y 2
― - ―――― → ―――
y3 y y3

x2 - y2
――― ＝ c1
y3
 y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))) dx + ((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)) dy

M ＝ y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))) N ＝ ((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y))

d
―― y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))) → ln ((x)) - ln ((y)) - 1
dy
d
―― ((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)) → ln ((y)) - ln ((x)) - 1
dx
ln ((x)) - ln ((y)) - 1 ≠ ln ((y)) - ln ((x)) - 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜⌠ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)) - 1)) - ((ln ((y)) - ln ((x)) - 1)) ⎟ ⎜⌠ 2 ⋅ ln ((x)) 2 ⋅ ln ((y)) ⎟
⎜⎮ ―――――――――――――d x⎟ ⎜⎮ ―――――――― - ―――――――― d x⎟
⎜⎮⌡ ((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)) ⎟ ⎜⎮⌡ y - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + x ⋅ ln ((y)) y - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + x ⋅ ln ((y)) ⎟
F ((x)) ＝ e ⎝ ⎠
→ F ((x)) ＝ e ⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞
⎜⌠ ((ln ((y)) - ln ((x)) - 1)) - ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)) - 1)) ⎟
⎜ ⎮ ――――――――――――― d y ⎟
⎮ y ⋅ (
( ln (
( x)
) - ln (
( y )
) )
)
⎜⌡ ⎟
1
F ((y)) ＝ e ⎝ ⎠
→ F ((y)) ＝ ―
y2

1 1
― ⋅ ((y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))))) dx + ― ⋅ ((((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)))) dy
y 2
y2
d 1 expand ln ((y)) ln ((x)) 1
―― ― ⋅ ((y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))))) ――→ ―― - ―― - ―
dy y y2 y2 y2
2

d 1 expand ln ((y)) ln ((x)) 1

―― ― ⋅ ((((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)))) ――→ ―― - ―― - ―
dx y y2 y2 y2
2

ln ((y)) ln ((x)) 1 ln ((y)) ln ((x)) 1

―― - ―― -― ＝ ―― - ―― -―
y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2

1 simplify ln ((x)) - ln ((y))

M＝― ⋅ ((y ⋅ ((ln ((x)) - ln ((y)))))) ――― → M ＝ ―――――
y2 y

⌠ ln (x) - ln (y) x ⋅ ln ((x)) x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1))

( )
⎮ ――――― ( )
d x → ―――- ―――――
⎮
⌡ y y y

x ⋅ ln ((x)) x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1))

―――- ――――― + f ((y))
y y
 d ⎛ x ⋅ ln ((x)) x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1)) ⎞ x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1)) x ⋅ ln ((x)) x
―― ⎜―――- ――――― ⎟ → ――――― - ――― -―
dy ⎝ y y ⎠ y 2
y 2
y2

x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1)) x ⋅ ln ((x)) x 1

――――― - ――― - ― + f' ((y)) ＝ ― ⋅ ((((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y))))
y2 y2 y2 y2

1 ⎛ x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1)) x ⋅ ln ((x)) x ⎞ expand 1

f' ((y)) ＝ ― ⋅ ((((x ⋅ ln ((y)) - x ⋅ ln ((x)) + y)))) - ⎜――――― - ――― - ― 2 ⎟
――→ f' ((y)) ＝ ―
y 2
⎝ y 2
y 2
y ⎠ y

⌠1
f ((y)) ＝ ⎮ ―d y → f ((y)) ＝ ln ((y))
⌡y
⎮

Por último, la solución es:

x ⋅ ln ((x)) x ⋅ ((ln ((y)) + 1))
―――- ――――― + ln ((y)) ＝ c1
y y

u ＝ y -1 - n n ＝ -1

u ＝ y 1 - -1
u＝y2
1
―
2
y＝u ⎛ 1 ⎞
1 ―
― ⎜ 2
d 2 ⎝u ⋅ u'⎟⎠
―― u ＝ ―――
du 2u

⎛⎛ ― 1 ⎞⎞ 1
― -1
⎜ ⎜⎝u 2 ⋅ u'⎟⎠ ⎟ u 2 ――
2
2 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ + ―― ＝x ⋅ u
2

⎝ 2u ⎠ x
⎛ ⎛⎛ ― 1 ⎞⎞ ―⎞
1
⎜ ⎜ ⎜⎝u ⋅ u'⎟⎠ ⎟ u 2 ⎟ ⎛ 2 ――
1 -1 ⎞ 1
― 2 ―
⎟ ＝ ⎜⎝x ⋅ u ⎟⎠ ⋅ u
2 2 2
u ⋅ ⎜2 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ + ――
⎝ ⎝ 2u ⎠ x ⎠
 ⎛ ⎞
u ⎛ ⎞ ⎜⌠ ⎛⎜⌠ ⎞ ⎟
u' + ― ＝x2 ⎜⌠ -1
⎜⎮ ⎜ ⎮ ―
⎟ ⎟
x ⎜⎮ ―― d x⎟
1
d x⎟ ⎟
⌡ x ⎜⎮ ⎜⎝⎮⌡
x
⎜⎮ ⎟ ⎟
⎟
u＝e ⎝ ⎠
⋅ ⎜⎮⌡ e ⎠
⋅ x 2
d x + c 1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞ ⎛
⎜⌠ -1
⎞
⎟
⎛ ⎞ ⎜⌠ ⎛ ⎞ ⎟ ⎜⎮ ―― d x⎟
⎜⌠ -1 ⎟
⎜ ⎮ ⎜⌠ 1 ⎟
⎟ x4 ⎜⎮⌡ x ⎟
1
⎜ ⎮ ――
⌡ x
d x⎟ ⎜ ⎮ ―d x ⎟
⎮ ⎜⎝⎮⌡ x ⎟⎠ 2 ― + c1 e ⎝ ⎠
→―
⎠ ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎮ ⎟
4 x
u＝e ⎝
⋅ ⎜⎮⌡e ⋅ x d x + c1⎟ → u ＝ ―――
⎝ ⎠ x ⎛
⎜⌠ 1
⎞
⎟
⎜⎮ ―d x⎟
x4 ⎜⎮⌡ x ⎟
― + c1 expand e ⎝ ⎠
→x
4 c1 x 3
u ＝ ――― ――→ u ＝ ―+ ―
x x 4
x4 ⌠ x4
― + c1 x ⋅ x 2
d x + c → ― + c1
1 ⎛x 4 ⎞ 4 ⌡ 1
4
c
u ＝ ―⎜― + 1⎟ → u ＝ ―――
x ⎝ 4 ⎠ x
x4
― + c1 expand
4 c1 x 3
u ＝ ――― ――→ u ＝ ―+ ―
x x 4
u＝y2

Entonces :

y ＝ ‾‾
u

Obteniendo así el resultado final.

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
c1 x 3
y ＝ ―+ ―
x 4
Entonces:

dx y 2 ⎛⎝-2 x + y 2 x 4 ⎞⎠
― - ―――――― ＝0
dy 5 y3

dx ⎛⎝-2 x + y 2 x 4 ⎞⎠
― - ―――――＝ 0
dy 5y

dx ((2 x)) y 2 x 4
― + ――- ―― ＝ 0
dy 5y 5y

dx ((2 x)) y 2 x 4
― + ――＝ ――
dy 5y 5y

⎛ dx ((2 x)) ⎞ ⎛ y x4 ⎞
x -2
⋅ ⎜― + ――⎟ ＝ x ⋅ ⎜――
-2
⎟
⎝ dy 5y ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠

dx x -1 ⎛ y x 2 ⎞
x -2
― + 2 ―― ＝ ⎜―― ⎟
dy y ⎝ 5 ⎠
n＝2

u＝x1 - 2
u ＝ x -1
x ＝ u -1
dx
― ＝ -u u'
-2

du
⎛⎝u -1⎞⎠
-1 ⎛ ⎛ -1⎞ 2 ⎞
⎛⎝u -1⎞⎠
-2
⎛⎝-u -2 u'⎞⎠ + 2 ――― y ⎝u ⎠
＝ ―――⎟
⎜
y ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠

u -yu -2
u' - 2 ― ＝ ―――
y 5

Volvemos a realizar la fórmula de Bernoulli

1
―
3
n ＝ -2 w＝u 1 - -2
w＝u 3
u＝w

-2
――
3
du w
―― ＝ ―― ⋅ w'
dw 3
 -2
⎛ ――
-2 ⎞ ⎛ ― 1⎞ ⎛ ―1⎞
⎜w 3 ⎟ ⎜⎝w ⎟⎠ -y ⋅ ⎜⎝w 3 ⎟⎠
3
⎜―― ⋅ w'⎟ - 2 ――＝ ――――
⎝ 3 ⎠ y 5

⎛⎛ ――
-2 ⎞ ⎛ ― 1⎞⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ―1 ⎞ -2 ⎞
2 ⎜
⎜ 3⎟ ⎟
2
― ⎜⎜ w 3 ⎟ ⎜⎝w 3 ⎟⎠ ⎟ 3 ⎜ -y ⋅ ⎝w ⎠
―
3
w ⋅ ⎜⎜―― ⋅ w'⎟ - 2 ――⎟ ＝ w ⋅ ―――― ⎟
⎝⎝ 3 ⎠ y ⎠ ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠

w' w -y
―- 2 ⋅ ―＝ ――
3 y 5

⎛ w' w⎞ ⎛ -y ⎞ 6⋅w 3⋅y

3 ⋅ ⎜―- 2 ⋅ ―⎟ ＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ → w' - ―― ＝ -――
⎝3 y⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ y 5

6⋅w 3⋅y
w' - ―― ＝ -――
y 5
-6 -3
f ((y)) ＝ ―― r ((y)) ＝ ―― ⋅y
y 5
⎛ ⎞
⎛ ⎞ ⎜⌠ ⎛ ⎞ ⎟
⎜⌠ ⎛ -6 ⎞ ⌠ -6
⎜⎮ -⎜――
⎟
⎟ d y⎟ ⎜
⎮ ⎜⎜⎮ ―― ⎟
d y⎟ ⎟
⎜⎮⌡ ⎝ y ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⎮ ⎜⎮⌡ y ⎟ ⎛
-3 ⎞ ⎟ ⎛ 3⋅x ⎞
w＝e ⎝ ⎠
⋅ ⎜⎮ e ⎝ ⎠
⋅ ⎜―― ⋅ y⎟ d x + c1⎟ → w ＝ y 6 ⋅ ⎜c1 - ―― ⎟
⎜⎮⌡ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎟ ⎝ 5 ⋅ y5 ⎠
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 3 ⋅ x ⎞ expand 3⋅x⋅y
w ＝ y 6 ⋅ ⎜c1 - ―― 5 ⎟
――→ w ＝ c1 ⋅ y 6 - ―――
⎝ 5⋅y ⎠ 5

3⋅x⋅y
w ＝ c1 ⋅ y 6 - ―――
5
1
―
3
u＝w
3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3⋅x⋅y
u＝ c1 ⋅ y 6 - ―――
5
u ＝ x -1 Por último:

x ＝ u -1
-1 1
⎛3 x ＝ ――――――
3⋅x⋅y ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 1 3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3⋅x⋅y
x＝⎜ c1 ⋅ y - ―――
6
⎟ → x ＝ ―――――― c1 ⋅ y 6 - ―――
⎝ 5 ⎠ 3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3⋅x⋅y
c1 ⋅ y 6 - ――― 5
5