SKRIPSI

Hubungan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus dengan Obesitas di

RSUD Dr. Adjidarmo Rangkasbtung Tahun 2016

Ditulis untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan akademik

guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kodokteran Strata Satu

NAMA : FITRIANI
NIM : 102013018

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEDOKTERAN

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN KRIDA WACANA
JAKARTA
2018
 ABSTRAK

Diabetes Melitus adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya hiperglikemia dan gangguan
metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein yang dihubungkan dengan kekurangan secara absolut
atau relatif dari kerja dan atau sekresi insulin. Gejala yang dikeluhkan pada penderita Diabetes
Melitus yaitu polidipsia, poliuria, polifagia, penurunan berat badan, dan kesemutan. Tingginya
prevalensi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 disebabkan oleh faktor risiko yang tidak dapat berubah misalnya
jenis kelamin, umur, dan faktor genetik yang kedua adalah faktor risiko yang dapat diubah
misalnya kebiasaan merokok tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok,
konsumsi alkohol, Indeks Masa Tubuh, lingkar pinggang dan umur. Diabetes Mellitus disebut
dengan the silent killer karena penyakit ini dapat mengenai semua organ tubuh dan menimbulkan
berbagai macam keluhan. Penyakit yang akan ditimbulkan antara lain gangguan penglihatan mata,
katarak, penyakit jantung, sakit ginjal, impotensi seksual, luka sulit sembuh dan
membusuk/gangren, infeksi paru-paru, gangguan pembuluh darah, stroke dan sebagainya. Tidak
jarang, penderita DM yang sudah parah menjalani amputasi anggota tubuh karena terjadi
pembusukan. Untuk menurunkan kejadian dan keparahan dari Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 maka
dilakukan pencegahan seperti modifikasi gaya hidup dan pengobatan seperti obat oral
hiperglikemik dan insulin. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk terjadinya DM.
Hubungannya dengan DM tipe 2 sangat kompleks. Obesitas dapat membuat sel tidak sensitif
terhadap insulin (resisten insulin). Insulin berperan meningkatkan ambilan glukosa di banyak sel
dan dengan cara ini juga mengatur metabolisme karbohidrat, sehingga jika terjadi resistensi insulin
oleh sel, maka kadar gula di dalam darah juga dapat mengalami gangguan. Mengukur obesitas atau
tidaknya seseorang (lemak tubuh) secara lansung sangat sulit dan sebagai pengganti dipakai Body
Mass Index (BMI) atau Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) yaitu perbandingan berat badan (dalam
kilogram) dengan kuadrat tinggi badan (dalam meter).
 ABSTACT

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by the occurrence of hyperglycemia and carbohydrate,

fat, and protein metabolism disorders associated with absolute or relative deficiencies of the work
and / or insulin secretion. Symptoms are complained in people with Diabetes Mellitus is
polydipsia, polyuria, polifagia, weight loss, and tingling. The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes
mellitus is caused by irreversible risk factors such as gender, age, and genetic factors. The second
is a modifiable risk factor such as smoking habits education, occupation, physical activity,
smoking, alcohol consumption, Index Period Body, waist circumference and age. Diabetes
Mellitus is called the silent killer because it can affect all organs of the body and cause various
complaints. Diseases that will be caused include eye vision, cataracts, heart disease, kidney
disease, sexual impotence, difficult to heal and rot / gangrene wounds, lung infections, vascular
disorders, stroke and so forth. Not infrequently, patients with severe DM undergo amputation of
limbs due to decay. To reduce the incidence and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prevention
measures such as lifestyle modification and treatment such as oral hyperglycemic and insulin
medications are used. Obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of DM. Its relationship to
type 2 DM is very complex. Obesity can make cells insensitive to insulin (insulin resistant). Insulin
plays a role in increasing glucose uptake in many cells and in this way also regulates the
metabolism of carbohydrates, so if there is insulin resistance by the cells, then blood sugar levels
can also be impaired. Measuring whether or not a person's obesity (body fat) is very difficult and
as a replacement for the Body Mass Index (BMI) or the Body Mass Index (BMI) is the ratio of
body weight (in kilograms) to the square of the height (in meters).
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR

PERSETUJUAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING

ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................v

ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................vi

KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................vii

DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...........................................................................................x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................1

1.2 .. Masalah Penelitian ...........................................................................3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..............................................................................3
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ..................................................3
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................3
1.5 Hipotesis ...........................................................................................4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Diabetes Mellitus .............................................................................5
2.2 Definisi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 ...................................................5
2.3 Prevelensi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 ................................................6
2.4 Patogenesis ......................................................................................6
2.5 Patofisiologi.....................................................................................6
 2.6 Faktor Resiko ..................................................................................7
2.7 Gejala Klinis ...................................................................................9
2.8 Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Diabetes Mellitus ..................9
2.9 Obesitas ...........................................................................................9
2.10 Etiologi Obesitas .............................................................................10
2.11 Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ............................................................11
2.12 Klasifikasi IMT ...............................................................................12
2.13 Kadar Gula Darah ...........................................................................12
2.14 Pemeriksaan Gula Darah.................................................................12

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Desain Penelitian .............................................................................14
3.2 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .........................................................14
3.3 Populasi Penelitian ..........................................................................14
3.4 Teknik Sampling ............................................................................14
3.5 Sempel Penelitian ...........................................................................14
3.6 Kriteria Restriksi .............................................................................15
3.7 Identifikasi Variabel ........................................................................15
3.8 Variabel Perancu .............................................................................16
3.9 Definisi Oprasional..........................................................................16
3.10 Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................17
3.11 Teknik Pengambilan Data ...............................................................17
3.12 Metode Analisa Data .......................................................................18
3.13 Jadwal Penelitian .............................................................................18

BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Gambaran Umum Penelitian ............................................................19
4.2 Analisis Univariat ............................................................................20
4.2.1 Gula Darah Sewaktu ...........................................20
4.2.2 Jenis Kelamin .....................................................21
4.2.3 Umur ...................................................................22
 4.2.4 Berat Badan ........................................................23
4.2.5 Tinggi Badan ......................................................26
4.2.6 Pekrjaan ..............................................................27
4.2.7 Lama Diagnosa ...................................................29
4.2.8 Indeks Masa Tubuh ..................................................29
4.3 Analisis Bivariat...............................................................................30
4.4 Pembahasan......................................................................................31

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................36
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................36

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................37