Contents

How to Study This Book . v

Preface to the Second Edition viii
Acknowledgments xv
1. AUTOMOTIVE FUNDAMENTALS 1
1. Purpose of This Book. 11. Exhaust.
2. Components of the Automobile. 12. Piston Rings.
3. The Engine. 13. Multiple-cylinder Engines.
4. The Engine Cylinder. 14. Engine Flywheel.
5. Changing Reciprocating Motion to 15. Engine Classifications.
Rotary Motion. 16. Cylinder Arrangements.
6. The Valves. 17. Valve Arrangements.
7. Engine Operation. 18. Engine Accessory Systems.
8. Intake. 19. The Ignition System.
9. Compression. 20. Operation of Ignition-advance
10. Power. Mechanisms.

2. FUEL·SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS . 28
21. Purpose of the Fuel System. 30. Expansion of Solids Due to Heat.
22. Components in the Fuel System. 31. Expansion of Liquids and Gases
23. Atoms and Elements. Due to Heat.
24. Size of Atoms. 32. Increase of Pressure with
Temperature.
25. Atomic Structure.
33. Gravity.
26. Molecules.
34. Atmospheric Pressure.
27. Combustion.
35. Vacuum.
28. Heat.
29. Change of State.

3. FUEL-SYSTEM OPERATION 41
36. Fuel Tan1e 44. Carburetor.
37. Fuel Filters and Screens. 45. Evaporation.
38. Fuel Gauge. 46. Atomization.
39. Fuel Pump. 47. Carburetor Fundamentals.
40. Combination Fuel and Vacuum 48. Float BowL
Pumps. 49. Exhaust System.
41. Electric Fuel Pumps. 50. Muffler.
42. Air Cleaner. 51. Dual Exhaust System.
43. Intake Manifold.
[ix]

4. CARBURETOR FUNDAMENTALS
52. Air-Fuel Ratio Requirements.
53. Carburetor Circuits.
54. Float Circuit.
55. Concentric Float Bowls.
56. Dual-float Circuits.
57. Float-bowl Vents.
58. Idling and Low-speed Circuits.
59. Low-speed Operation.
60. Other Idle and Low-speed Circuits.
61. High-speed, Part-load Circuit.
62. Multiple Venturi.
63. Other High-speed Circuits.
64. High-speed, Full-power Circuit.
65. Mechanically Operated Full-power
Circuit.
66. Vacuum-opcrated Full-power
Circnit.
S. AUTOMOTIVE CARBURETORS
81. Accessory Devices on Carburetors.
82. Ignition-distributor Controls.
83. Starting-control Switches.
84. Throttle-return Checks.
85. Governor.
86. Carburetor Assembly.
6. FUEL-INJECTION and LPG FUEL SYSTEMS
93. Gasoline Fuel-injection System.
94. Ramjet Fuel-injection System.
95. Air Intake.
96. Fuel Intake.
7. AUTOMOTIVE-ENGINE FUELS
100. Automotive-engine Fuels.
101. Gasoline.
102. Origin of Gasoline.
103. Volatility.
104. Antiknock Value.
105. Compression Ratio.
106. Heat of Compression.
107. Cause of Knocking.
108. Meas\uing Antiknock Values of
Fuels...
[x]
Contents
67
67. Combination Mechanically
Operated and Vacuum-operated
Full-power Circuit.
68. Accelerator-pump Circuit.
69. Other Accelerator-pump Circuits.
70. Combination Accelerator Pump and
Full-power Valve.
71. Choke.
7'2. Automatic Chokes.
73. :\lanifold Heat Control.
74. V-8 Manifold Heat Control.
75. Anti-icing.
76. Throttle Cracker.
77. Fast Idle.
78. Antipercolator.
79. Air Bleed.
80. Compensating System.
107
87. Updraft Carburetors.
88. Horizontal Air Entrance.
89. Dual Carhuretors.
90. Four-barrel Carburetor.
gl. Ford Carburetors.
92. Multiple-carburetor Installations.
145
97. Diesel-engine Operation.
98. Diesel-en 6ine Fuel-injection System.
99. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fuel
Systems.
159
109. Detonation versus Preignition.
110. Chemical Control of Knocking.
111. Factors Affecting Knocking.
112. Chemical versus Mechanical
Octane.
113. Octane Requirements.
114. Harmful Chemicals and Cum in
Gasoline.
115. Chemistry of Combustion.
116. Diesel-engine Fuels.
Contents
117. Viscosity. 121. Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
~ 118. Cetane Number. 122. Types of LPG.
119. Cetane-number Requirements. 123. LPG Economy.
120. Fuel-oil Purity.
8. DIAGNOSING FUEL-SYSTEM TROUBLES 184
124. How to Study This Chapter. 136. Fuel-system Trouble-shooting
125. Need for Logical Procedure. Chart.
126. Testing Instruments. 137. Excessive Fuel Consumption.
127. Fuel-mileage Testers. 138. Engine Lacks Power, Acceleration,
or High-speed Performance.
128. Exhaust-gas Analyzers.
139. Poor Idle.
129. Low-pressure Gauges for 140. Engine Will Not Start Except
Measuring Fuel-pump Pressure. When Primed.
130. Fuel-pump Capacity Testers. 141. Hard Starting with Engine Warm.
131. Fuel-pump Vacuum Tester. 142. Slow Engine Warm-up.
I32. Vacuum Gauges for Measuring 143. Smoky, Black Exhaust.
Intake-manifold Vacuum. 144. Engine Stalls.
133. Tachometers. 145. Engine Backfires.
134. Chassis l;)ynamometers. 146. Engine Runs but Misses.
135. Trouble Tracing in Fuel System. 147. Quick Carburetor Checks.
9. FUEL-SYSTEM SERVICE 211
148. Cleanliness. 160. Fuel-pump Disassembly and
149. Air-cleaner Service. Assembly.
150. Manual-choke Adjustment. 161. Fuel-pump Disassembly and
151. Automatic-choke Adjustment. Reassembly, Type 1.
152. Removing Hot-air Choke. 162. Fuel-pump Disassembly and
Reassembly, Type 2.
153. Servicing and Replacing Hot-air
Choke. 163. Combination Fuel- and
Vacuum-pump Disassembly and
154. Fuel Tank.
Reassembly, Type 1.
155. Fuel Lines. 164. Combination Fuel- and
/ 156. Fuel Gauges. Vacuum-pump Disassembly and
157. Fuel-pump Inspection. Reassembly, Type 2.
158. Fuel-pump Troubles. 165. Fuel-pump Installation.
159. Fuel-pump Removal.
10. CARBURETOR SERVICE 239
166. Cleanliness. 175. Carburetor Removal.
167. Carburetor Troubles. 176. Carburetor Overhaul Procedures.
168. Typical Carburetor Adjustments. 177. Overhauling Chevrolet
169. Idle-speed and Idle-mixture Carburetors.
Adjustments. 178. Adjustments (Chevrolet Model in
170. Float Level. Fig. 10-6).
171. Accelerator Pump. 179. Disassembly (Chevrolet Model in
172. Metering Rod. Fig. 10-6).
173. Antipercolator. 180. Reassembly (Chevrolet Model in
174. Throttle Linkage. Fig. 10-6).
[xi]

181. Overhauling Plymouth
Carburetors.
182. Adjustments (Plymouth).
183. Disassembly and Reassembly
( Plymouth) .
184. Overhauling Two-barrel
Carburetors.
185. Adjustments (Two-barrel
Carburetor) .
186. Disassembly.
187. Reassembly.
188. Overhauling Ford Carburetors.
189. Adjustments on Carburetors
Shown in Fig. 10-25.
Contents
190. Disassembly of Carburetor Shown
in Fig. 10-25.
191. Reassembly.
192. Adjustments on Carburetor Shown
in Fig. 10-31.
193. Disassembly of Carburetor Shown
in Fig. 10-31.
194. Reassembly of Carburetor.
195. Overhauling Four-barrel
Carburetors.
196. Adjustments (Four-barrel Unit).
197. Disassembly.
198. Carburetor Reassembly.
199. Carburetor Installation.

11. ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEMS 291

200. Friction.
201. Dry Friction.
202. Greasy Friction.
203. Viscous Friction.
204. Theory of Lubrication.
205. Types of Bearings.
206. Friction Bearings.
207. Friction-bearing Lubrication.
208. Antifriction Bearings.
200. Purpose of Engine Lubricatil\g
System.
210. Source of Oil.
211. Properties of Oil.
212. Water-sludge Formation.
213. Service Ratings of Lubricating
Oil.
214. Oil Changes.
215. Oil Consumption.
216. Automotive Lubricants.
_/' 217. Types of Lubricating Systems.
218. Oil Pumps.
219. Relief Valve.
220. Oil Filters.
221. Oil Coolers.
222. Oil-pressure Indicators.
/ 223. Crankcase Ventilation.
224. Oil-level Indicators.

12. LUBRICATING-SYSTEM SERVICE . 885

225. Testing Instruments. 231. Relief Valve.
226. Lubricating-system Checks. 232. Oil Filters.
227. Trouble Tracing in Lubrication 233. Filter-element Replacement.
System. 234. Oil Pumps.
228. Lubricating-system Service. 235. Oil-pressure Indicators.
229. Changing Oil. 236. Cleaning Valves and Piston Rings.
230. Oil-pan Service.

13. ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM 854

" 237. Purpose of Engine Cooling ·243. Radiator.
/ System. 244. Hot-water Car Heater.
,238. Air-cooled Engines. /,245. Thermostat.
239. Liquid-Cooled Engines. / 246. Radiator Pressure Cap.
240. Watei Jackets. I 247. Antifreeze Solutions.
/241. Water \Pumps. 248. Temperature Indicators.
242. Engine\an.
[xii]
Contents

14. COOLING-SYSTEM SERVICE . 376

249. Cooling-system Tests. 253. Locating and Repairing Radiator
250. Care of Cooling System. Leaks.
251. Trouble Diagnosis. 254. Water-pump Service.
252. Cleaning the Cooling System.

Appendix A: Exhaust-gas Analyzers . 399

Appendix S: Glossary . 402

Index .. 419