AQA TRILOGY
Q1-6 FOUNDATON
Q3-9 HIGHER
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Q1.
This question is about the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table.
(a) Figure 1 shows the positions of four elements, A, B, C, and D, in the periodic table.
Figure 1
A B C D
(1)
Group 2 metal carbonates break down when heated to produce a metal oxide and a gas.
(b) Name the two products when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated.
burning
decomposition
neutralisation
reduction
(1)
(d) The metal carbonate takes in energy from the surroundings to break down.
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combustion
electrolysis
endothermic
exothermic
(1)
(e) Figure 2 shows the volume of gas produced when a Group 2 metal carbonate is
heated.
Figure 2
Mass = ______________________ g
(1)
(f) Calculate the mass of the Group 2 carbonate needed to produce 24 dm3 of gas.
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___________________________________________________________________
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Mass = ______________________ g
(2)
(g) A student heated different masses of a Group 2 carbonate. The student measured
the volume of gas produced.
Figure 3
Mistake 1 ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mistake 2 ___________________________________________________________
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Calculation _________________________________________________________
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Gradient = ______________________ cm3 per g
(4)
(h) A student repeated the experiment with a different Group 2 metal carbonate (XCO3).
Name metal X.
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Metal X is ______________________
(4)
(Total 16 marks)
Q2.
The table below shows the relative mass and charge of the particles in an atom.
proton 1 +1
neutron
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Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the lithium atom shown in the
diagram above.
Number of protons _________________
Number of neutrons _________________
Draw one line from each description of the atomic model to the stage in the
development of the atomic model.
Stage in the
Description of atomic
development of the
model
atomic model
Dalton atoms
Neutrons discovered
Nucleus of atoms
discovered
Spherical atoms
Q3.
This question is about structure and bonding.
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Figure 1
Carbon
Copper
Hydrogen
Sodium
(1)
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(1)
Figure 2
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
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Choose the answer from the box.
Q4.
Figure 1 shows two models of the atom.
Figure 1
(b) Explain why the total positive charge in every atom of an element is always the
same.
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) The results from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the nuclear model.
Alpha particles were fired at a thin film of gold at a speed of 7% of the speed of light.
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___________________________________________________________________
Figure 2
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Radius = _____________________ m
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 10 of 27
Q5.
This question is about sodium and chlorine.
Figure 1 shows the positions of sodium and chlorine in the periodic table.
Figure 1
(a) State one difference and one similarity in the electronic structure of sodium and of
chlorine.
Difference __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Similarity ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Sodium atoms react with chlorine atoms to produce sodium chloride (NaCl).
Describe what happens when a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom.
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(4)
Complete the reaction profile for the reaction between sodium and chlorine.
Figure 2
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q6.
This question is about atoms and chemical elements.
Figure 1
(a) Compare Mendeleev’s periodic table with the modern periodic table.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 7
Group 0
(1)
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(b) In the early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups.
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Draw one line from each scientist to the discovery the scientist made.
Discovery the
Scientist
scientist made
Discovered electrons
Existence of neutrons
Mass of atom
James Chadwick
concentrated at centre
(d) A beam of electrons, neutrons and protons can be separated by passing them
through an electric field.
Figure 2 shows the directions of the three particles after entering the electric field.
Figure 2
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Charged particles are attracted to the oppositely charged plate in the electric field.
Particle Direction
Electron
Neutron
Proton
(2)
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Mass = ____________________ g
(3)
Page 14 of 27
Which calculation shows the radius of a sodium atom’s nucleus?
227 × 10 000 m
227 × m
227 × 10–12 × m
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q7.
The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are metals.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Explain the increase in reactivity of elements further down the group.
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(4)
Draw a dot and cross diagram to show how lithium and oxygen combine to form
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lithium oxide.
Q8.
In 1869 there were 60 known elements.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic mass (atomic weight).
(a) Suggest why one of the groups that is on today’s periodic table was not in
Mendeleev’s periodic system.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Explain the arrangement of the first 20 elements in today’s periodic table.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
She added a few drops of chlorine solution and observed the result.
She repeated the process using different potassium halide salts and different
halogens.
Brown colour
Bromine No reaction
forms
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Iodine No reaction No reaction
Give the order of reactivity of the halogens from the results in the table above.
Explain how you used the results to show this order of reactivity.
Order ______________________________________________________
Explanation _______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d) Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction of chlorine with bromide ions in
solution.
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
___________________________________________________________________
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q9.
Figure 1 shows the plum pudding model of the atom.
This model was used by some scientists after the discovery of electrons in 1897.
Figure 1
Plum-pudding model
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In 1911 the scientists Geiger and Marsden investigated the effect of firing alpha particles
at very thin sheets of gold foil.
Their experiment is shown in Figure 2. The arrows show the paths taken by alpha
particles in the experiment.
Figure 2
(a) Explain why scientists replaced the plum pudding model of the atom with the
nuclear model of the atom as a result of the experiment.
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(4)
Show that these values fit with the nuclear model of the atom.
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Page 18 of 27
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) In 1931 a scientist discovered that there are hydrogen atoms with mass number 2
as well as hydrogen atoms with mass number 1.
Explain why the discovery of neutrons could explain the presence of hydrogen
atoms with different mass numbers.
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(3)
(d) How would the results of the experiment shown in Figure 2 change if neutrons were
used instead of alpha particles to bombard a thin sheet of gold?
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Page 19 of 27
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) B
1
(c) decomposition
1
(d) endothermic
1
(e) 32 (g)
allow 31−33 (g)
1
(f)
1
148 (g)
allow a range 143−153 (g)
or
(g) (mistakes)
increase in mass = 3 (not 4)
allow mistakes in either order
1
(calculation)
an answer of 250 scores the 2 calculation marks
1
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250 (cm3 per g)
if no calculation marks awarded
(h) 3 × 16 or 48
1
(48) + 12 or 60
allow their mass of oxygen + 12
1
84 − (60) or 24
allow 84 − their mass of carbonate
1
magnesium or Mg
magnesium or Mg without working scores this
mark
1
an answer of 24 scores the 3 calculation marks
[16]
Q2.
(a)
name of relative
charge
particle mass
neutron 1 0 1+1
(b) (protons) 3
1
(neutrons) 4
1
(electrons) 3
1
allow words instead of numbers
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(c)
1
1
[8]
Q3.
(a) carbon
1
(c)
1
(d) carbon
hydrogen
either order
2
(e) a polymer
1
(f) slide
1
[7]
Q4.
(a) electron
1
atom
1
nucleus
1
orbit
Page 22 of 27
1
(every atom of the same element contain the) same number of protons
do not accept same number of protons and
neutrons
ignore reference to electrons
1
(c)
allow any correct method of determining 7% of
300 000 000
1
Q5.
(a) (difference)
sodium has one and chlorine has seven electrons in outer level / shell
or
number of electrons
number of electrons must be correct if quoted
1
(similarity)
both have three / same number of levels / shells
or
have electrons in third level / shell
or
both have incomplete (outer) levels / shells
allow both have 2 electrons in inner shell
or
both have 8 electrons in second shell
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or
both are one electron away from full outer level /
shell
1
one (electron)
1
transfer of 1 electron from chlorine to sodium
max 2 marks
reference to sharing or covalent bonding max 3
marks
allow marks from suitable diagram(s)
(c)
ignore labels
any curve / line going up and then down
products line below reactants
allow curve to start / finish anywhere along
reactant / product lines
1
1
[8]
Q6.
(a) group 0
1
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(c)
1
1
(d) (electron) A
(neutron) B
(proton) C
3 correct answers scores 2 marks
1/2 correct answers scores 1 mark
2
(e)
1
3.820598... × 10–23
1
3.8 × 10–23
an answer of 3.8 × 10–23 scores 3 marks
1
Q7.
(a) because they form hydroxides
1
(b) the atoms have more electron shells (as move down the group)
1
so the electron in the outer shell is further away from the nucleus
1
(c)
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electronic structure of lithium drawn correctly
1
electronic structure of oxygen drawn correctly
1
correct charge on ions (Li and O )
+ 2–
1
correct number of each ion (2 lithium, 1 oxygen)
1
[10]
Q8.
(a) did not appear because they had not been discovered or they are unreactive or
they did not form compounds
1
elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell
1
(c) chlorine>bromine>iodine
(e) the further down the group, the halogen becomes less reactive because outer
electrons are further from the nucleus
1
Q9.
(a) most alpha particles went straight through, suggesting lots of empty space
1
Page 26 of 27
with all the positive charge
1
the plum pudding model does not explain the results because it shows the whole
atom as a ball of positive charge with no empty space
1
(b) the figures show that the radius of an atom is 10 000 times bigger than the nucleus
1
consistent with the nuclear model, which says that the atom has a tiny nucleus at
the centre of the atom
1
(c) all hydrogen atoms have just one proton (in the nucleus)
1
protons and neutrons have the same relative mass so mass number of these atoms
is 2
1
Page 27 of 27