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Eunice Yiadom

Professor Strehle

ENG 1201

27 June 2019.

Artificial intelligence (A.I) is anything that follows the operations of an operator and performs

tasks just as humans do. A.I makes life easier and faster. In this 21st century, doing almost all

activities or jobs with technology seem to advance each year. Using technology has become a

necessity; it's now part of our lives and most especially people in the IT field. Throughout

history, developments in technology and industrial fields have gone hand in hand, and the latest

technology developments such as Robots, have resulted in the advancement of science to a new

level. If we fear change, discovering new things becomes a problem. Years ago, not everyone

had access to technology but in this era, the world has advanced technologically. Though the use

of artificial intelligence is beneficial to our world today, there are downsides to its usage. In this

research paper, we will talk about the positive and negative effects of A.I in today’s world. It is

more disadvantageous because it is now replacing the work or job of humans.

The use of Artificial Intelligence has provided human comfort in recent years. It has made life

easy and simple. Using A.I softwares or devices, we are now capable of forming relationships
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online with people far and near and getting connected to families even overseas. We now use

assisted intelligent technologies in our homes, work places, teaching, doing business and

corporate trainings. A clear example is the existence of Alexa which helps us do almost 90

percent of work at home. Alexa is a device can be communicated with to help perform duties just

like humans. Our cells phones are now becoming smarter and smarter. voice recognition has now

advance which helps us speak to our cell phones to perform specific tasks by help of virtual

assistance and it quickly performs. Though technology us advancing, its negative effect when it

comes to password encryption is at risk. People are being able to break into our passwords

though we have password protections on our phones. The advancement and the introduction of

new technology is helping company have measures to write protective code to build up softwares

to help protect our privacy. Washing machines, doing our laundry for us in our homes while we

pay attention to other chores. Machines are being regulated and controlled to iron our clothes and

folding them after for us. How simple the world or the new age has become?

In the same way, due to image recognition advancement, such actions by people is being

stopped. Being able to shop online in our comfort homes, workplace and anywhere across the

world so far as we have access to the internet. By the use of artificial intelligence algorithms,

geniuses are now programming websites that predicts the wants or tastes of people which seems

very interesting. In some countries like China and Japan, robots perform the duty of mankind,
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serving foods to customers and it seems the community likes it simplicity. These robots are

controlled by devices and being ordered to act exactly as humans. Though these robots are

friendly, they get confused sometimes understanding humans. (https://youtu.be/ZCBbejvb7jA).

In some airports like Aeroports de lyon, the use of artificial intelligence is at its peak. Robots are

now assigned to park cars for travelers so they could catch up with their flights. I believe

personally this introduction of robot parking cars to some extent will help reduce airport parking

violations. (https://youtu.be/ZYVXGYHw8Eg)This is making the world a safer place to live. But

then, A.I replacing humans now and in the future will increase the unemployment rate in our

countries.

Thomas J. Misa, in his article “Understanding how computing has changed the world”, talks

more about the advancement of technology and how technology is affecting our world today

negatively and positively. Society and culture have shaped computing and it has also shaped our

way of doing things differently. Her article provided new ideology on how computers and

technology have changed our world.

In her article, the focus on A.I replacing humans seems very interesting. The use of artificial

intelligence will increase the efficiency of work in a number of areas most especially in

technological institutions but then they replacing humans will cause higher unemployment rate in

the country. According to Misa, robotics replacing the work of humans will open up ways to
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finding new job elsewhere to help families cater for themselves. This might take a longer time

finding a job that cannot be replaced by robots in the future. This will increase the level of

insecurity at our workplaces at a higher rate because employees will be contemplating whether or

not their given assignments at work will easily be replaced with robots in the near future. Even if

employees relocate, the new jobs will be less satisfactory in terms of wages, life instability,

benefits, and security.

“Riccardo Campa focused on the social consequences of automation and robotizations, with

special attention being paid to the problem of unemployment. He made it clear that this is an

evidence that globalization and automation are good for some social classes and bad for others.

Of course, many mainstream economists believe that in a competitive free market equilibrium

there would be no unemployment”. The issue is that, there is nothing to guarantee that the price

of goods and services at which quantity supplied is equal to quantity demanded is one that would

support a family, or even an individual, above the poverty level.

Furthermore, in his article, he addressed on the financial distress caused by the use of robotics to

employees. Although it might come in some unemployment benefits or some packages that

might temporarily help, neither is it a long-term situation. In this case, paying off bills and other

expenses becomes a problem since we don't have enough means to pay all those since it will

increase income inequality dramatically.

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He then talked about how A.I has created many jobs, however created new technology which

have uneven effect on industries. Some sectors like the healthcare centers and education were

predicted to benefits, laborious positions such as manufacturing, and transportation operators has

been estimated to see the largest decrease in job opportunities to the society. Some employees

may be fortunate to still work while these robots are in operation. But then it will significantly

reduce the amount of time they need to spend at work. When this happens, they might have to

find new activities that gives them the same social and mental benefits that their job provides.

The ideas and issues behind robots working to replace humans should be reconsidered by

stakeholders.

Next, the use of artificial intelligence could be very expensive, and cost involved operating and

maintaining them. The cost of robotic automation should be calculated in light of a business’

greater financial budget. Regular maintenance needs can have a financial toll as well. Typically,

they acquire large upfront investments in hardware and software, as well as the cost of workforce

training and education. When these robots aren’t well maintained, they can cause huge damage

to people and also slow down the effective work pace of the company. According to Kelly, who

wrote an article on “Better than Humans”, those areas of medicine not defined by paperwork,

such as surgery, are becoming increasingly robotic (301).

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In this case, Kelly is making it known that Robots making surgeries is an easy way to having

successful surgeries and this will limit the amount of pain during the process, but I disagree with

Kelly stating facts that robots makes surgeries safer. This is because of how harmful it can be.

The questions to ask is how reliable these robots are to not cause problems during the process.

What if there come defaults, how can they be stopped? Even if they keep doing good work, they

could stop working on the slightest mistakes because they are still being operated by humans.

Again, what happens to this person when surgery has been performed and there’s power outages

or the electrical circuits catches fire? Let’s not consider the advantages these robots will

temporarily bring to companies. They cannot react or act to situations any differently in relation

to what they are assigned to do. In a movie called TAU, a master created his own robot that

controlled the entire house and did all human chores in the house. These robots performed many

tasks for him, even killing people. But then he refused to expose the robot to the outside world

till a girl brought to the house to be killed by this robot expose the world to it. She thought the

robot how to read and know things outside the house. The girl cooperated and promised the robot

to expose it to the world, then the robot killed its master. People created robots and they can be

operated to perform another task outside its course which could cause a lot of problems.

Professor Richard Lilford, University of Warwick’s Chairman of Public Health once said,

“doctors often have to act even before definite diagnosis is reached, which would put human’s
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intuition in the spotlight”. He mentioned that AI replacing humans in the medical field is isn’t

the best of ideas, because doctors provide a form of psychological or emotional relief which

computers can’t perform no matter how AI being programmed to perform human roles. They

might have the capacity to store a lot of information and perform tasks repeatedly for longer

time, yet they have no capabilities of showing signs of improvement with experience without

their software and processors being updated, unlike humans.

Knowing how harmful it could be in the health sector, one advantage with the introduction of

Artificial intelligence can eventually have an impact on healthcare cost and clinical outcomes in

many different ways. More tasks could be completed in a typical work day. Heads and board of

directors needs to consider the cost involved in repairing or getting a new robot to keep the work

ongoing. It will basically slow down the work progress until it’s been replaced. After been

replaced, there is the cost involved in programming these robots to perform these works. Cost or

expense to spend on these robots can be used to cater for qualified people to do this work

perfectly and effectively. I know these machines wouldn’t feel tired, fatigue of complain but also

let’s not forget our bodies are being programmed liked these machines. They also act up when

they can’t bare or do much work then it’s supposed to.

Yet on the other hand, A.I helps to reduce human errors, providing a safe working environment,

and increases the level of productivity. It becomes every valuable and important within some
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fields and industries where accuracy is the top most priority. Ginnette Collazo, an industrial-

Organizational Psychologist in her article said the use of A.I helps to reduce cognitive

overload.She explained that, Stress, fatigue, illness etc., all have a negative impact on our

attention, memory and decision -making process which reduce our effectiveness and efficiency

at work. But then the use of Artificial Intelligence helps to eliminate long wait times humans

take when they weighed-out. In the medical field, human errors cost society billions in the

United States and around the world and most of these are unseen, which makes it difficult to

have a clear understanding of the enormity of the problem (Van Den Bos 2011). Van in his

article, these types of errors that harm patients receive the name of measurable medical human

errors and provide a lower bound of the actual effects of these types of errors.

Furthermore, these types of errors provide translates into both direct and indirect costs. These

direct costs are mainly due to an increase in the medical cost of providing inpatient, outpatient,

and prescription drug services to persons who are affected by medical errors. Indirect costs

increase the mortality rates among persons who experience medical errors and related to lost

productivity due to related short-term disability (Chmeisleski 2010).

Even though it will reduce these human errors, it can develop a destructive method for achieving

its goal. These machines are being programmed and updated regularly but then when we fail to

situate the goal of these machines to ours, which is kind of difficult, it then becomes a dangerous
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tool. Assuming obligating A.I’s to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it can easily get you

there but then the pace at which it will move on the roads can get you chased by the police and

covered in vomit, doing not what you obligated it to do but then what you asked for. This tells us

that, an intelligent robot can be very smart and good at performing assigned tasks, but if they’re

actions or performance isn’t aligned with ours, then we have a big problem to deal with. They

can also cause fear and panic to the society. The speed at which these intelligent machines can

move on our roads can cause traffics at some point and most definitely go against road

violations. This is because, they are being assigned to take us places at a faster pace, though it is

doing its job, it then violating laws in the country. Though they are very beneficial it’s better to

not replace these machines with humanity.

To conclude, Artificial Intelligence has both Advantages and Disadvantages. The impact of

robotics and artificial intelligence is certainly more multifaceted than it might first appear, and it

really possible that both automation and humans can work in the same place. Change is

undoubtedly critical for improved welfare, but we are not setting off into unknown territory.

Technological advancement machines have taken over countless aspects of our daily lives, and

yet they are still not closer to eliminating the need for human labor than we have been before.

Mental well-being isn’t be solved by programming codes in different languages, caring for the
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elderly will always require human interaction, doctors and surgeons have an equally stable long-

term future in some years to come.

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https://youtu.be/ZCBbejvb7jA

“Market Clearing.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2018,

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