:ifDesign of Machine Elements - I (SPPU) 4-33 Power Screws

Example 4.14.1 SPPU - May 11, 16 Marks The core diameter 'de' of the screw can be initially
The following data refers to a C-clamp : calculated by considering tbe screw under pure
• Maximum clamping force required = 4kN compression.
• Tensile yield strength of screw The permissible compressive stress for the screw
material (plain carbon steel, 35C8) 320 N/mm2 material is,
• Compressive yield strength of the screw material
s~ 390 2
(Plain carbon steel 35C8) = 390 N/mm 2 (j = 1\1f = 3 = 130 N/mm
• Shear strength of the nut and body material (FG 200)
o Now , the direct compressive stress induced in the
= 230 N/mm-
screw body is,
• Coefficient of the screw friction 0.14
W
• Coefficient of the collar friction ~ 0.16
(j = n 2
• Mean collar radius = 8mm -4 de
• Permissible bearing pressure between nut and screw
= 12N/mm2 130
4000
• Distance between the axis of the handle and nut n 2
-d
surface, in clamped condition = ISO mm 4 e
• Force applied by an operator = lOON de = 6.26 mm or 7mm
• Distance between the axis of screw and centroidal axis (ii) Select standard square threads for screw
of vertical column of the C-clamp body
(Refer Table 4.3.1) :
= 100 mm.
In addition to direct compressive load, the screw is also
• Factor of safety = 3
subjected to twisting moment. To account for this, the core
Design the screw and nut for C-clanlp and determine I
dianleter of the screws should be increased.
the following parameters:
(i) the standard dimensjons of screw body; . . select de = 17 mm
(ii) the height of nut; The selected dimensions of the standard screw are
(Refer Table 4.3.1) :
(iii) the length of handle; and
(iv) the dimensions of I-section [Fig. P. 4.14. 1(a)] d = 22 mm ; p=5 mm
of the C-clamp body.
d - p/2 = 22 - 2'5 = 19.5 mm

de = d - P = 2 - 5 = 17 mm
(iii) Find the torque required to overcome the thread
friction, T t :

/, = tan - 1 [n ~,J
Y
I

= tan [;t ]
- I (assume single start screw)
Fig. P. 4.1 4.1(a)

SolutIon: Refer Fig. 4.14.1;

or A tan
-I[nx S ]
19.5 =4.666
0

The design of C-Clamp consists of; 4> = tan - 1/.1. = tan - I (0.14) = 7.9696 0
Wdm
1. Design of Screw Body T, = -2- tan (4)+1.)
2. Determination of Stresses in Screw Body
4000 x 19.5
3. Design of Nut 2 tan (7.9696 + 4.666)
4. Determination of Length of Handle
= 8743 N-mm or 8.743 N-m
5. Design of I - Section of Body
(iv) Find the torque required to overcome the coUar
1. Desi~n of Screw Body : friction, Te :
Ii First rmd the core diameter de of screw by Tc = /.I.e WR", = 0.16 x 4000 X 8
considering the screw under pure compression: Tc = S120N-mm or 5.12N/m
The portion of the screw between the nut and the (v) Find the total torque required, T :
:1amping object is subjected to direct compressive stress.
T = T t + Tc = 8.743 + 5.12 = 13.863 N/m
~ Design of Machine Elements - I (SPPU) 4-34 Power Screws

2. Determination of Stresses in Screw Body: Screw dimensions:

(A) Stresses at section X -X :

d = 22 mm and p = 5 mm ...Ans.

(i) Torsional shear stress due to total torque T : 3. Design of Nut:

.~= 16 x 13.863/
3
't = 10 = 14.37 N/m m2 (i) Find the height of the Nut 'h' considering the
nd n x 17 bearing pressure:

(ii) Bending stress due to force on the handle :

Th force applied by the operator on the handle
develops the bending moment on the portion of the screw
4000
between the nut and the handle, in addition to the twisting 12 =
moment.
It is assumed that an operator can comfortably apply
Z = 2.17 or 3 threads
the force 'F' of 100 N on the handle.
Height of the nut,
Bending moment at section X-X is,
h = Z x p = 3 x 5 = 15 mm
M = Force applied by operator X Distance between
axis of handle and nut surface Z = 3 and h = 15 mm ... Ans.
(ii) Check the shear stresses induced in the screw and
or M = F xl = 100 x 150 = 15000 N-mrn
nut threads :
32 M 32 x 15000 3 NI 2
0h =~= n x 17 3 = 1.1 mm (a) shear stress induced in the screw threads:
W 4000
(iii) Maximum shear stress at section X-X: 1"s = 1! d. t Z = 5
c 1l: x 17 x 2: x3
The maximum shear stress at section X-X is,
or 1"s = 9.986 N/mm2 < 65 N/mm2
~/(S!JJ.,2 2 ~ I ill 2 2
'tnw; = \j 2) +1" = \j ( 2) +14.37 Hence, the screw threads are safe against shear failure.
= 21.17 N/mm2 ...(a) (b) Shear stress induced in the nut threads:
W 4000
The pemljssible shear stress for a screw material is , 7.72 N/mm2 ... (e)

S,
N = 0.5N S,. = 0.5 x3 320 53 .33 N/nlm2
... (b)
f
The permissible shear stress for a nut is,
From Equations (a) and (b),
Sy,
SYNnUl) = 2;0 =76.667 N/mm2 .. .(d)
't max < Nf From Equations (e) and (d),
Hence, the section is safe. Sr. (nut)
'tn < N
(B) Stresses at section Y -Y :
Hence, the nut threads are safe against shear failure.
(i) Direct compressive stress :
I 4. Determination of Length of Handle:
W 4000 . ?
cr = - = - - = L7.62 N/mm- The effective length of the handle is,
n 2 n 2
- d -x 17 T 13863
4 c 4 LE = "F=lOO= 138.6 mm
(ii) T orsional shear stress due to collar friction torque :
Allowing some length for gripping, the length of the
_ 16 T 16 x 5 120 _ 5 31 NI 2
1" - nd f
hand is taken as,
n X li -. mm
~ = ~+40
(ill) Maximum shear stress at section Y-Y : ~ = 138.6 + 40 = 178.6 mID or 180 mm
The maximum shear tress at section Y-Y is, LH = 180 mm ... Ans.
_ O)- 2 ~ 1(17.62)2 2
= -\j~
5. Design of I - Section of Body:
'tmlU ~2) + 1" = \j - 2- + (5.3 1)
The C-clamp body is subjected to a direct stress and a
· 2 '
or 1"rrlllX = LO.286 N /mm < 53.33 N/mm- bending stress at the section A-A.
Hence, the section i safe.
~ Design of Machine Elements - I (SPPU) 4-35 Power Screws

The maximum tensile stress on section A-A is, • Force applied by operator at the end of handle
W M ·x = 80 N
at = A +-1-· ...(e) • Distance between axis of handle and urface of nut in
yy

The C-clamp body is made of grey cast iron FG200. Clamped condition 150 mm
o Determine:
Hence Sut = 200 N/mm-
(i) the length of handle, if a ditionaI len gth provided for
y
gripping is 50 mm;
I
I (ii) the maximum shear stress in the screw body and its
location; and
(iii) the beari ng pressure Oil [he threads.
Solution : Given:
w = 4000 N Nt I;
d = 12mm p 2;
Section A-A
11 = 0.12 Ilc = 0.25;
Fig. P. 4.14.1(b)
Rm = 6mm F SON;
The pennissible tensile stress for a clamp body is, = 150mm h = 25mm.
Sm 200 2 ~-----------LH~----------~
at = Nt =3= 66.66 N/mm .--+----'L-.
- - - - Handle
Now , W = 4000 N
3
M Wxl b =4000x 100=400x 10 N-mm
2 2
A = 2 x 4t x t + 2t x t = 10 t , mm
x = 2t, mm
Iyy = /2t(2t)3+2[/2t3'(4t)+4t.t'(1.5t)2J
4
= 19.333 t , mm
4 x
.. From Equation (e), Nut
3
400 400 x 10 X 2 t
y
at = lOt2 + 19.333t4
3
400 41.379 X 10
66.66 = 107 + t3
8.8

[?O1
3
t = 6 t + 620.685 ... (t)

Solving Equation (f) by trial and error,

t = 8.8 mm
4t = 4 x 8.8 = 35.2 mm
t = 8.8 mm I-- 35 .2 ----J
4t = 3S.2mm ... Ans. Fig. P. 4.14.1(c)
Example 4.14.2 SPPU - Ma 14, 8 Marks,
Dec. 14, 12 Marks, Dec. 16, Ma 17, 13 Marks
Body
The following data refers to a C-clamp :
Fig. P. 4.14.2
• Maximum force exerted by C-clamp = 4kN
• Nominal diameter = 12mm 1. Torque on screw:
• Pitch 2mm
• Torque r equired to overcome the th read friction
• Nut height 25mm
(T 1 ) :
• Coefficient of screw friction = 0.12 de = d-p=12-2= IOmm
• Coefficient of collar friction = 0.25 d m = d - P I 2 = 12 - 2/2 = 11 mm
• Type of screw = single start
square
thread
), = tan- 1 [_l
d
1t
] = tan-1 [-L
m d
]
1t m

• Mean collar radius = 6mm

 Syllabus Topic: Design of C-Clamp

4.14 DESIGN OF C-CLAMP

Fig. 4.14.1 shows the C-clamp. The procedure for the

design of C- clamp is explained through the Example 4.14.1.

I,
A- · 1, · -A
I,
I
'b

Body

Fig. 4.14.1 : C-Clamp