ABSTRAK

Latar belakang : Gangguan pendengaran yang terjadi pada penderita otitis media supuratif
kronik (OMSK) umumnya kurang pendengaran konduktif. Beberapa pasien terdapat keterlibatan
komponen sensorineural. Kejadian mixed hearing loss (MHL) pada penderita OMSK dapat
disebabkan banyak faktor seperti lama sakit, adanya kolesteatoma, letak dan luas perforasi
membran timpani, jenis kuman serta adanya alergi pada OMSK yang dapat mempengaruhi
kerusakan pada telinga dalam.
Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh lama sakit, adanya kolesteatoma, letak dan luas perforasi
membran timpani, jenis kuman, alergi terhadap kejadian MHL pada penderita OMSK.
Metode : Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain kasus kontrol di RSUP Dr Kariadi
semarang pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2016. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 68 penderita yang terdiri
dari 2 kelompok. Kelompok kasus adalah penderita OMSK dengan MHL (n=34) dan kelompok
kontrol merupakan penderita OMSK dengan hasil audiometri non MHL (n=34). Dilakukan
anamnesis lama sakit, pemeriksaan fisik otoskopi, multislice computed tomography scan (MSCT
Scan), kultur discharge telinga, serta skin prick test. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Chi-square.
Hasil : Lama sakit berpengaruh terhadap kejadian MHL (p<0,05). Adanya kolesteatoma tidak
berpengaruh terhadap kejadian MHL (p>0,05). Letak perforasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap
kejadian MHL (p>0,05). Luas perforasi berpengaruh terhadap kejadian MHL (p<0,05). Jenis
kuman berpengaruh terhadap kejadian MHL(p<0,05). Alergi tidak berpengaruh terhadap
kejadian MHL (p>0,05).
Simpulan : Lama sakit, luas perforasi membran timpani dan jenis kuman berpengaruh terhadap
kejadian MHL pada penderita OMSK. Letak perforasi membran timpani, adanya kolesteatoma
dan adanya rinitis alergi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian MHL pada penderita OMSK.

Kata kunci : OMSK, MHL, perforasi membran timpani, kolesteatoma, alergi.

 ABSTRACT

Background: Hearing loss that occurs in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)
are generally have conductive hearing loss. Some patients are having sensorineural hearing loss
involvement component. Incidence of mixed hearing loss (MHL) in patients with CSOM can be
caused by many factors such as length of illness, presence of cholesteatoma, location and size of
the tympanic membrane perforation, the type of bacteria and the presence of allergy in CSOM
that could affect the damage to the inner ear.
Objective: To analyze the effect of length of illness, presence of cholesteatoma, location and size
of the tympanic membrane perforation, type of bacteria and allergy due to incidence of MHL in
CSOM patients.
Methods: The study was an observational analytic with case control design at Dr Kariadi
semarang hospital on June-August 2016. The research subjects were 68 patients consisting of 2
groups. The case group is the CSOM patient with MHL (n = 34) and the control group consist of
CSOM patients non MHL (n = 34). We did anamnesis, physical examination and otoscopy,
multislice computed tomography scan (MSCT Scan), ear discharge culture examination, and
skin prick test. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
Result: Length of ilness affected on the incidence of MHL (p <0.05). The presence of
cholesteatoma had no effect on the incidence of MHL (p> 0.05). Location of perforation had no
effect to the incidence on MHL (p> 0.05). Size of the tympanic membrane perforation affected on
the incidence MHL (p <0.05). Type of bacteria affected on the incidence of MHL (p <0.05).
Allergies had no effect on the incidence of MHL (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Length of illness, size of tympanic membrane perforation and the type of bacteria
affected on the incidence of MHL in CSOM patients. Site of tympanic membrane perforation,
presence of cholesteatoma and allergy did not affect on the incidence of MHL in CSOM patients.

Keywords: CSOM, MHL, tympanic membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, allergy.