/*

* HERMITE INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM 3.3

*
* TO OBTAIN THE COEFFICIENTS OF THE HERMITE INTERPOLATING
* POLYNOMIAL H ON THE (N+1) DISTINCT NUMBERS X(0), ..., X(N)
* FOR THE FUNCTION F:
*
* INPUT: NUMBERS X(0), X(1), ..., X(N); VALUES F(X(0)), F(X(1)),
* ..., F(X(N)) AND F'(X(0)), F'(X(1)), ..., F'(X(N)).
*
* OUTPUT: NUMBERS Q(0,0), Q(1,1), ..., Q(2N + 1,2N + 1) WHERE
*
* H(X) = Q(0,0) + Q(1,1) * ( X - X(0) ) + Q(2,2) *
* ( X - X(0) )**2 + Q(3,3) * ( X - X(0) )**2 *
* ( X - X(1) ) + Q(4,4) * ( X - X(0) )**2 *
* ( X - X(1) )**2 + ... + Q(2N + 1,2N + 1) *
* ( X - X(0) )**2 * ( X - X(1) )**2 * ... *
* ( X - X(N - 1) )**2 * (X - X(N) ).
*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define true 1
#define false 0

double F(double);
void INPUT(int *, double *, double [][26], int *);
void OUTPUT(FILE **);
void OUTPUT2(FILE **, int, int, double *, double [][26]);

main()
{
double Q[26][26],X[13],Z[26];
double XX,S;
int I,J,K,N,OK;
char A;
FILE *OUP[1];

INPUT(&OK, X, Q, &N);
if (OK) {
/* STEP 1 */
for (I=0; I<=N; I++) {
/* STEP 2 */
 Z[2*I] = X[I];
Z[2*I+1] = X[I];
Q[2*I+1][0] = Q[2*I][0];
/* STEP 3 */
if (I != 0)
Q[2*I][1] = (Q[2*I][0] - Q[2*I-1][0]) / (Z[2*I] -Z[2*I-1]);
}
/* STEP 4 */
K = 2 * N + 1;
for (I=2; I<=K; I++)
for (J=2; J<=I; J++)
Q[I][J] = ( Q[I][J - 1] - Q[I - 1][J - 1] ) / ( Z[I] - Z[I - J] );
/* STEP 5 */
OUTPUT(OUP);
OUTPUT2(OUP, K, N, X, Q);
printf("Do you wish to evaluate this polynomial?\n");
printf("Enter Y or N\n");
scanf("\n%c", &A);
if ((A == 'Y') || (A == 'y')) {
printf("Enter a point at which to evaluate\n");
scanf("%lf", &XX);
S = Q[K][K] * (XX - Z[K-1]);
for (I=2; I<=K; I++) {
J = K - I + 1;
S = (S + Q[J][J]) * (XX - Z[J-1]);
}
S = S + Q[0][0];
fprintf(*OUP, "x-value and interpolated-value\n");
fprintf(*OUP, " %12.10e %12.10e\n", XX, S);
}
}
fclose(*OUP);
return 0;
}
/* Change functions F and FP if program is to calculate the
first column and part of the second column of Q */
double F(double X)
{
double f;

f = 1.0/X;
return f;
}
/* Note: Function FP is the derivative of F */
double FP(double X)
{
double f;

f = -1.0/(X*X);
return f;
}

void OUTPUT(FILE **OUP)

{
int FLAG;
char NAME[30];

printf("Choice of output method:\n");

printf("1. Output to screen\n");
printf("2. Output to text file\n");
printf("Please enter 1 or 2\n");
scanf("%d", &FLAG);
if (FLAG == 2) {
printf("Input the file name in the form - drive:name.ext\n");
printf("for example: A:OUTPUT.DTA\n");
scanf("%s", NAME);
*OUP = fopen(NAME, "w");
}
else *OUP = stdout;
fprintf(*OUP, "HERMITE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL\n\n");
}

void INPUT(int *OK, double *X, double Q[][26], int *N)

{
int I, FLAG;
char A;
char NAME[30];
FILE *INP;

printf("This is Hermite interpolation.\n");

*OK = true;

printf("Has a text file been created with the data in three ");
printf("columns?\n");
printf("Enter Y or N\n");
 scanf("\n%c", &A);
if ((A == 'Y') || (A == 'y')) {
printf("Input the file name in the form - ");
printf("drive:name.ext\n");
printf("for example: A:DATA.DTA\n");
scanf("%s", NAME);
INP = fopen(NAME, "r");
*OK = false;
while (!(*OK)) {
printf("Input the number of data points minus 1\n");
scanf("%d", N);
if (*N > 0) {
for (I=0; I<=*N; I++)
fscanf(INP, "%lf %lf %lf", &X[I], &Q[2*I][0],
&Q[2*I+1][1]);
fclose(INP);
*OK = true;
}
else printf("Number must be a positive integer\n");
}
}
else {
printf("Please create the input file in three column ");
printf("form with the X values, F(X), and\n");
printf("F'(X) values in the corresponding columns.\n");
printf("The program will end so the input file can ");
printf("be created.\n");
*OK = false;
}
}

void OUTPUT2(FILE **OUP, int K, int N, double *X, double Q[][26])

{
int I;

fprintf(*OUP, "The input data follows:\n");

fprintf(*OUP, " X, F(X), F''(X)\n");
for (I=0; I<=N; I++)
fprintf(*OUP, " %12.10e %12.10e %12.10e\n", X[I], Q[2*I][0], Q[2*I+1][1]);
fprintf(*OUP, "\nThe Coefficients of the Hermite Interpolation Polynomial\n");
fprintf(*OUP, "in order of increasing exponent follow:\n\n");
for (I=0; I<=K; I++) fprintf(*OUP, " %12.10e\n", Q[I][I]);
}