DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................... ii

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ ix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................... 1

1.2. Perumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3

1.3. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................. 3

1.4. Tujuan ................................................................................................ 3

1.5. Metode Penelitian .............................................................................. 4

1.6. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 5

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................... 6

2.1. Energi .................................................................................................. 6

2.2. Sungai ................................................................................................. 7

2.2.1. Jenis–jenis sungai menurut jumlah airnya ....................................... 7

2.2.2. Karakteristik Sungai ........................................................................ 8

2.2.3. Daerah Pengaliran............................................................................ 8

2.3. Siklus Hidrologi .................................................................................. 8

2.4. Limpasan Permukaan (Run Off).......................................................... 11

2.4.1. Proses Terjadinya Limpasan Permukaan (Run Off) ........................ 13

2.5. Erosi dan Sedimentasi ........................................................................ 13

2.5.1. Proses sedimentasi ........................................................................... 14

2.5.2. Mekanisme Pengangkutan Sedimen ................................................ 15

2.6. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) ......................... 15

2.6.1. Klasifikasi pembangkit listrik tenaga air ........................................ 17

2.6.2. Keuntungan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH). . 17

2.6.3. Kelemahan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) .... 18

2.7. Prinsip Kerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) ... 18

2.8. Komponen–komponen PLTMH ........................................................ 19

2.9. Pemilihan Lokasi PLTMH ................................................................. 25

2.10. Cara mengukur head dan debit air ................................................... 27

2.10.1. Pengukuran head menggunakan selang ........................................ 27

2.10.2. Pengukuran head Menggunakan Altimeter Page pada GPS ......... 30

2.10.3. Mengukur head menggunakan Theodolite tipe TL-20 DP ........... 31

2.10.4. Pengukuran head menggunakan peta skala besar ......................... 32

2.10.5. Pengukuran Debit Air menggunakan current meter ..................... 33

2.10.6. Pengukuran Debit dengan Cara Apung (Float Area Methode) ..... 34

2.10.7. Pengukuran debit air dengan Metode Tampung .......................... 37

2.11. Kriteria Pemilihan Jenis Turbin ....................................................... 38

2.12. Generator ......................................................................................... 44

2.12.1. Generator Yang Digunakan Pada Mikrohidro .............................. 45

2.13. Sistem Transmisi Mekanik .............................................................. 46

2.13.1. Sistem transmisi daya langsung ................................................... 46

2.13.2. Sistem transmisi dengan sabuk (belt) ........................................... 47

 2.14. Analisa Kondisi Iklim...................................................................... 47

2.15. Daya yang Dibangkitkan ................................................................. 48

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ................................................... 51

3.1. Diagram Alir Metode Penelitian .......................................................... 51

3.2. Penentuan Lokasi Penelitian dan Waktu Penelitian ............................. 52

3.3. Alat penelitian ...................................................................................... 53

3.4. Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 55

3.5. Pengolahan data .................................................................................... 60

BAB IV ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 62

4.1. Analisa Kondisi Iklim .......................................................................... 62

4.2. Skema PLTMH .................................................................................... 65

4.3. Hasil Pengukuran ................................................................................. 66

4.3.1. Pengukuran luas penampang.............................................................. 66

4.3.2. Mengukur Kecepatan ......................................................................... 67

4.3.3. Pengukuran debit Air ......................................................................... 69

4.3.4. Pengukuran head ................................................................................ 70

4.4. Perhitungan potensi daya PLTMH ....................................................... 71

4.5. Pemilihan jenis turbin........................................................................... 72

4.5.1. Menghitung Daya Turbin ................................................................... 73

4.6. Pemilihan Generator ............................................................................. 74

4.6.1. Menghitung daya generator ............................................................... 74

4.7. Analisa PLTMH ................................................................................... 75

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................... 77

5.1. Kesimpulan........................................................................................... 77
 5.2. Saran ..................................................................................................... 79

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Skema siklus hidrologi ................................................................

Gambar 2.2. Prinsip Kerja PLTMH .................................................................

Gambar 2.3. Komponen PLTMH ....................................................................

Gambar 2.4. Bendungan ...................................................................................

Gambar 2.5. Pintu pengambilan air (Intake) ....................................................

Gambar 2.6. Saluran Pembawa ........................................................................

Gambar 2.7. Bak penenang (forebay) ..............................................................

Gambar 2.8. Pipa Pesat ....................................................................................

Gambar 2.9. Turbin ..........................................................................................

Gambar 2.10. Tinggi jatuh air .........................................................................

Gambar 2.11. Cara mengukur permukaan air dengan posisi forebay ..............

Gambar 2.12. Pengukuran dari titik tertinggi ke titik terendah........................

Gambar 2.13. Jumlah hasil pengukuran keseluruhan.......................................

Gambar 2.14. Pengukuran head menggunakan meteran. .................................

Gambar 2.15. Pengukuran head menggunakan Theodolite tipe TL-20 DP .....

Gambar 2.16. Penngukuran head menggunakan peta topografi ......................

Gambar 2.17. Alat ukur current meter .............................................................

Gambar 2.18. Pengukuran dengan metode apung ............................................

Gambar 2.19. Membagi dalam berbagai segmen .............................................

Gambar 2.20. Grafik efisiensi beberapa turbin ...............................................

Gambar 3.1. Diagram Alir Penelitian ..............................................................

Gambar 3.2. Peta Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................

Gambar 3.3. Botol bekas ..................................................................................

Gambar 3.4. Stopwatch (alat ukur waktu) ........................................................

Gambar 3.5. Meteran........................................................................................

Gambar 3.6. Selang ..........................................................................................

Gambar 3.7. Benang nilon ...............................................................................

Gambar 3.8. Cara mengukur permukaan air dengan posisi forebay ................

Gambar 3.9. Pengukuran dari titik tertinggi ke titik terendah..........................

Gambar 3.10. Jumlah hasil pengukuran keseluruhan.......................................

Gambar 3.11. Cara mengukur luas penampang ...............................................

Gambar 3.12. Cara mengukur kecepatan aliran air ..........................................

Gambar 4.1. Skema PLTMH Desa Kalisidi .....................................................

Gambar 4.2. Mengukur kecepatan dengan cara apung ....................................

Gambar 4.3. Cara menentukan head ................................................................

 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Klasifikasi PLTA ............................................................................

Tabel 2.2. Spesifikasi turbin air .......................................................................

Tabel 2.3. Kecepatan spesifik turbin konvensional .........................................

Tabel 2.4. Aplikasi penggunaan turbin berdasarkan head ...............................

Tabel 2.5. Klasifikasi iklim menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson...........................

Tabel 4.1. Data curah hujan bulanan ................................................................

Tabel 4.2. Klasifikasi iklim ..............................................................................

Tabel 4.3. klasifikasi iklim ...............................................................................

Tabel 4.4. Karakteristik curah hujan di wilayah ungaran ................................

Tabel 4.5. Pengukuran kecepatan.....................................................................

Tabel 4.6. Spesifikasi turbin air .......................................................................