LAGUNA UNIVERSITY

Given:

PE = 3 PS = 2.9577 hp = 2.2064 kW = 2206.4 W

NE = 1400 rpm

where PE = Engine Power

NE = Engine rpm of shaft

For the speed of the machine: Considering human walking speed. According to Table (
Travel speed of two wheel tractor)

Say V = 0.7 m/s for the faster feed rate.

Thus, for the rotational speed of the wheel

V =  Dw Nw

where: V = speed of machine = 0.7 m/s

Dw = 0.4m = diameter of the wheel

Nw = rpm of the wheel

V 0.7 m / s  60 s 
Nw      33.42 rpm
 D w  (0.4 m)  1 min 
Analysis for a Rotating Parts

Considering Section A, (see illustration)

P1 = 3 in  = 76.2 mm 

P1 = 6 in  = 152.4 mm 

P1 = 3 in  = 50.8 mm 

P1 = 6 in  = 152.4 mm 

P1 = 2 in  = 50.8 mm 

P1 = 2 in  = 50.8 mm 
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For rotational speed (rpm)

Formula : D1 N1 = D2 N2

Where : N = rotational speed D = diameter of pulley

For Length of Belt and Actual Center Distance

For Length of Belt,

 ( D2  D1 ) 2
L  2c  ( D2  D1 ) 
2 4c

Where: L = Length of Belt

c = design center distance

D1 = Diameter of pulley 1

D2 = Diameter of pulley 2

For Arc of Contact

D2  D1
   
L
D2  D1
2   
L
Where:   = Arc of contact of smaller sheave

 2 = Arc of contact of large sheave

For P1 to P2

Solving for NP1

Circular Diameter of Blower Blade = 240 mm

Therefore, the nominal diameter = 120 mm = 0.12m

For Belt Velocity, From (insert link)

Optimum winnowing air speed = 800 - 1300 ft/min

Say, use 800 ft/min = 4.07 m/s

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Then for N1

V= DN

where: V = velocity of the blower

D = nominal diameter of the blower

N = rpm of the blower

V 4.07 m / s  60 s 
Nw      647.76 rpm
 D w  (0.12 m)  1min 
Engine speed (NE) = 1400 rpm

Say use 1:2 ratio for speed reducer

Therefore, Np1 = 700 rpm

For the correct velocity of blower

V= DN

700 rpm
V  π  012 m)( )  4.4 m/s  865.92 m/s
60 s
1 min

For Np2,

N p1 D p1  N p 2 D p 2
700(3)  N p 2 (6) ; N p 2  87.5 rpm

For Length of Belt in mm,

 (152.4  76.2) 2
L  2(613)  (152.4  76.2) 
2 4(613)
L 1587.45 mm
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For  

D2  D1 152.4  76.2
       3.00 rad
L 1587.45

For  2

D2  D1 152.4  76.2
2       3.29 rad
L 1587.45

For P2 to P3

P2 = P3 = 350 rpm

For P3 to P4

N P 3 DP 3  N P 4 D p 4
350 rpm (3 in )  N P 4 (6 in )
N P 4  175 rpm

For Length of Belt in mm,

 (152.4  76.2) 2
L  2(369)  (152.4  76.2) 
2 4(369)
L 1101.2 mm
For  

D2  D1 152.4  76.2
       2.93 rad
L 1101.2

For  2

D2  D1 152.4  76.2
2       3.35 rad
L 1101.02
For P4 to P5

P4 = P5 = 175 rpm

For P5 to P6

N P 5 DP 5  N P 6 DP 6
175 rpm (2 in )  N P 6 (2 in )
N P 4 175 rpm
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For Length of Belt in mm,

 (50.8  50.8) 2
L  2(513)  (50.8  50.8) 
2 4(513)
L 1185.59 mm
Since same of the pulley,   =  2 = =3.14 rad

Considering Section B: (see illustration)

Np4 = Np5 = Nv1 = 175 rpm

Since connected in one shaft.

Size of Bevel gear

Where:

Nv1 = rpm of the bevel gear 1

Nv2 = rpm of the bevel gear 2

Considering Section C: (see illustration)

S1 = 3 in  = 76.2 mm  , n1 = 14

S2 = 3 in  = 76.2 mm  , n2 = 14

S3 = 3 in  = 76.2 mm  , n3 = 14

S4 = 6 in  = 152.4 mm  , n4 = 26

Where: n = no. of teeth of sprocket

For Circular pitch (Cp)

C
Cp 
Lp

Where: Cp = Circular Pitch

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C = Center Distance

Lp = Length per pitch (in/pitch)

Say use no. 40 chain,

Lp = 0.5 in/pitch

For no. of pitch

n1  n2 (n2  n1 ) 2
nL  2c p  
2 4 2 c p

Where: nL = number of pitch

cp = circular pitch

n1 = number of teeth of sprocket 1

n2 = number of teeth of sprocket 2

For Length of Chain (L)

L = nL Lp = where L = Length of chain

Considering Section D (see illustration)

For S1 to S2
C 18 in
Cp    36 pitches
Lp 0.5 in / pitch

For nL
14  14 (14  14) 2
nL  2(36)  
2 4 2 (36)
nL  86 pitches
For L,

L = nL Lp = 86 pitches (0.5 in/pitch)

L = 43 in = 1092.2 mm

For Ns1
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Ns1 = Np6 = 175 rpm since connected in one shaft

For Ns2

Ns2 = Ns2 = 175 rpm since same diameter of sprocket

For S2 to S3

Ns2 = Ns3 = 175 rpm since connected in one shaft

For S3 to S4

C 10 in
Cp    20 pitches
Lp 0.5 in / pitch

For nL
26  14 (26  14) 2
nL  2(20)    60.18  60 pitches
2 4 2 (20)
For L,
L  nL L p  60 pitches(0.5 in / pitch)
L  30 in  762 mm

For Ns4,

N s3 N s3  N s 4 N s 4
175(13)  N s 4 (6) ; N s 4  87.5 rpm

Considering Section D (see illustration)

For S5 to S6

C 21in
Cp    42 pitches
Lp 0.5 in / pitch

For nL
14  14 (14  14) 2
nL  2(42)  
2 4 2 (42)
nL  98 pitches

For L,
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L = nL Lp = 98 pitches (0.5 in/pitch)

L = 43 in = 1244.6 mm

For Ns6

With consideration of the reaper connected ti sprocket 6, Say use 1.2 m/s reciprocating
speed. According to (insert link) and Ns6 = Ns5.

V  D N
1.2 m / s   (0.11 m) N (insert pic)
N  208.35 rpm

Correcting the rotational speed by 1:7 speed ratio from engine transmission.

N = 200 rpm

Therefore,

200
V   (0.11 m)( )
60

V = 1.15 m/s reciprocating of the reaper.

Considering Section E (see illustration)

For P7 to P8
C 18 in
Cp    36 pitches
Lp 0.5 in / pitch

For Np7

Ns4 = Np7 = 87.5 rpm since connected in same shaft

For Np8,

N p 7 Dp 7  Dp 4 N p 4
87.5 rpm(13in)  N p8 (3in ) ; N s 4  87.5 rpm
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For Length of belt,

 (76.2  76.2) 2
L  2(534)  (76.2  76.2) 
2 4(534)
L 1307.39 mm

For   and  2

Since same diameter   =  2 = 3.14 rad

Shaft Analysis

Formulas:

32M e
S max 
D 3
16TE
S s max 
D 3
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Te  T 2  M 2
M  T2 M2
Me 
2
S
S s max  max
k
Sy
S max 
k
30 P
T  Ft r 
N
M0
F x 0
F y 0

M  Mx  My
2 2

Shear (v)  vo  v '

Moment ( M )  M o  Av

Let,

Shaft A = shaft with blower

Shaft B =shaft with thresher case

Shaft C = shaft connected to oscillating screen

Shaft D = shaft with conveyer

Shaft E = shaft connected to reaper

Shaft F = shaft connected to reaper

Shaft G = shaft with screw conveyor

Shaft H = shaft with reel

Where:

Ssmax = Maximum Shearing Stress

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Smax = Maximum Compression Stress

TE =Equivallent Twisting moment

Mt = Equivalent Bending Moment

16TE
= Formula using Maximum Shearing Stress theory
D 3

30 P
T = Formula using Normal Strees Theory
N

T = torsion = torque = twisting moment

M = Bending Moment

Sy = Yield Strength of material

k = Safety factor

Ft = Tangential Force

r = Radius

P = Power

N = Rotational Speed (rpm)

 M = Summation of moment

F x = Summation of Horizontal Forces

F y = Summation of Vertical Forces

Mx = Maximum Moment considering x - component

My = Maximum Moment considering y - component

Vo = initial shear

V’ = final shear

Mo = initial moment

Av = Area of shear
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Say use Cold - Rolled Steel Shaft from (insert link)

Sy = 70,000 psi = 500,000 kPa

Thus,

500,000 kPa
S s max   250,000 kPa
2
S s max  500,000 kPa

Considering Shaft A

For Torque output from Gear Reducer

Gear Ratio = 1:2

Np1 = 700 rpm

30(2.2064 kW )
T  0.0946 kN  m  94.6 N  m
700 rpm

For the maximum moment @ shaft A

Load Diagram @ Shaft A

( insert pic)

Where: W B = Weight of Blower

F1 = Radial Force @ Pulley 1

FR = Reaction force @ Bearing

Solving For F1

(insert pic)
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Formulas: F = FA - FB

Ft = FA + FB

FA
e f 
FB

Where: F = Radial Force

FA = Force on Tight Side

FB = Force on Slack Side

FT = Tangential Force

f = coefficient of friction

 = arc of contact
Say we f = 0.23 for a material of cast iron mild steel (pulley) from (insert link)

For FT,

T  Ft r
0.00762
94.6 N  m  Ft ( )
2
Ft  2,480 N

FA
For ,
FB

FA
e ( 0.23)(3)   1.99
FB

Then,

FA  1.99FB

Where, Ft = 2.48 N = Fa1 + F1B

F1B = 2.48 kN - F1A

For F1B,
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2.48 kN = 1.65 kN + F1B

F1B = 0.83 kN

Therefore,

F1 = F1A - F1B = 1.65 - 0.83 = 0.82 kN

For Horizontal Forces (x - component)

For FR :
F x 0
F 1cos 72  0.25 kN; FR  0.25 N
M  M o  Av
M  0  (0.25 kN )(0.072m)  0.018 N  m

Load Diagram (x)

For Vertical Forces (y - component)

For FR :
F v 0
W B F sin 72  FR
0.002kN  0.79 kN  FR
FR  0.778 kN

Load Diagram (y)

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For M,

M  M x  M y  0.0182  0.056 2  0.0588 kN  m

2 2

For TE,

Te  T 2  M 2  94.6 2  58.82  111.38 N  m

For ME,

M  TE 58.8  111.38
ME    85.09 N  m
2 2

For Shaft A diameter:

Using MSST

16(111.38)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 121.01 mm
D 3
Using MNST
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32(85.09)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 12.01 mm
D 3
Considering Shaft B

For Torque,

Np2 = 350 rpm

30(2.2046)
T  0.189 kN  m  189 N  m
350

For Maximum Moment @ Shaft B

Where: F3 = Radial Force @ Pulley 3

F2 = Radial Force @ Pulley 2

FR1 = Radial Force @ Bearing 1

FR2 = Radial Force @ Bearing 2

WT = Weight of Thresher = 100 N

For F2,

For Ft,

D  0.152 
T  Ft    0.189 kN  Ft   ; Ft  2480 N  2.480kN
2  2 

FA
For ,
FB
F2 A
e(3.29)( 0.23)   2.13
F2 B
F2 A  2.13(2.48  F2 A )  1.69 kN

For F2B,
F2 B  2.48  1.69  0.79 kN
FB  1.69  0.79  0.9 kN
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For F3,

For Ft,

D  0.0762 
T  Ft    189 N  m  Ft   ; Ft  4961N
2  2 

FA
For ,
FB
FA
e( 2.93)( 0.23)   1.96
FB
F3 A  1.96(4.961  F3 A )  3.28 kN
For F3B,
F3B  4.961  3.28  1.681kN
F3  3.28  1.681  1.599 kN

For Horizontal Forces (x-component)

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Therefore, Mx = 0.175 kN-m

F 3 sin 45  F 3 cos 45; F3  2.32 kN

F 2 cos 72  0.278 kN
M o  0 @ Pt. FR1
(0.071m) F 3 cos 45  (0.037 m) F 3 cos 45  0.86 FR 2
FR 2  0.203 kN
F x 0
F 3 cos 45  F 3 cos 72  FR 2  FR1
FR1  2.801 kN

For Vertical Forces (y-components)

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F2 sin 72  0.86 kN
M o  0 @ Pt. FR1
(0.071m) F 3 cos 45  (0.037m) F 3 sin 72  0.432(WT )  0.86 FR 2
(0.071m)( 2.32)  (0.037m)(0.86)  0.432(0.41)  0.86 FR 2
FR 2  0.178 kN
 Fv  0
F 3sin 45  F 3 sin 72  WT  FR1
2.32  0.86  0.1  0.178  FR1
FR1  3.458 kN

For M,

M  M x  M y  0.1752  0.197 2  0.264 kN  m  264 N  m

2 2

For TE

Te  T 2  M 2  189 2  264 2  325 N  m

For ME,
M  T 2  M 2 264  1892  2642
Me    295N  m
2 2
For Shaft B Diameter

Using MSST

16(0.325 kN  m)
250,000 kPa  ; D 18.76 mm
D 3
Using MNST
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32(0.295)
50,000 kPa  ; D 18.18 mm
D 3
Considering Shaft C

For Torque,

Np2 = 175 rpm

30(2.2046)
T  0.378 kN  m  378 N  m
175

Thus,

16(0.378 kN  m)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 19.75 mm
D 3
Considering Shaft D

Nv 2  Nv1  N P 4  175 rpm

16(0.378 kN  m)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 19.75 mm
D 3

Considering Shaft E

N p 6  N P 5  175 rpm

30(2.2046)
T  0.378 kN  m  378 N  m
175
16(0.378 kN  m)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 19.75 mm
D 3
Considering Shaft F

N S 6  200 rpm
30(2.2046)
T  0.331 kN  m  331 N  m
200
16(0.331 kN  m)
25,000,000 Pa  ; D 18.89 mm
D 3
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Considering Shaft G
N S 6  87.5 rpm
30( 2.2046)
T   0.756 kN  m
87.5
16(0.756kN  m)
250,000kPa  ; D  24.88 mm
D 3
Considering Shaft H

N S 6  87.5 rpm
30( 2.2046)
T   0.756 kN  m
87.5
16(0.756kN  m)
250,000kPa  ; D  24.88mm
D 3
Analysis on diameter of shafting @ shaft G and H calculatio, D = 24.88 which is largest
diameter

Therefore, use D’ = 1 in = 25.4 mm

Solving for Factor of Safety of each shaft

S s max 16T

k D 3
D'
Therefore, k 
D

For Shaft A
25.4
k  1.93
13.4
For Shaft B
25.4
k  1.35
18.76
For Shaft C, D and E
25.4
k  1.29
19.75
For Shaft F
25.4
k  1.34
18.89
For Shaft G
25.4
k  1.02
24.88
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