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HOW PHOSPHATE ROCK QUALITY IMPACTS THE PHOSPHORIC ACID PLANT AND GRANULATION

PLANT OPERATIONS

Curtis Griffin, Manager of Fertilizer Technologies, PegasusTSI Inc.


cgriffin@pegasustsi.com

Key Words: Impurities, Phosphoric Acid, Beneficiation, Granulation, Phosphate Rock

The phosphate rock quality from region-to-region can vary significantly. Phosphate rock from Morocco the
United States and Peru are significantly different with a wide range of impurity levels as shown in figure 1.

USA Morocco Peru


Central Florida
% P2O5 31.20 31.50 30.05
% CaO 46.60 51.20 47.10
% Fe2O3 1.50 0.24 0.70
% Al2O3 1.20 0.35 0.63
% MgO 0.60 0.47 0.69
%F 3.70 3.86 3.02

Figure 1 – Typical Phosphate Rock Analyses

The beneficiation process is typically used to remove slica, clays, dolomite and calcite. Other impurities such as
iron, aluminum, magnesium, and chlorides are not removed during the beneficiation process. The impurities that
are not removed during the beneficiation process remain in the phosphate rock and impact the operation of the
phosphoric acid and granulation plants. Additional parameters such, P2O5 and calcium (CaO) also have a
significant impact on the operation of the phosphoric acid and granulation plants. The impact of variations in
phosphate rock quality and impurities on plant operations will be reviewed. The impact of varying phosphate
rock quality including P2O5 , CaO, chlorides and aluminum content will be discussed regarding their effect on the
phosphoric acid plant. The impact of iron, aluminum, magnesium, fluorides and P 2O5 content will be discussed
regarding their effect on the granulation plants.

References:
1. Nielsson, F. (Ed.), 1987. Manual of Fertilizer Processing. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
2. Hignett, T. (Ed.), 1996. The Fertilizer Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
3. Sepehri-Nik, E., 2000. Fertilizer Technical Data Book. FCI Chemical Engineers, 5th Edition.

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